Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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Dimitrie Cantemir – Forerunner of European Sociology
Get PDFThe paper aims at making an analysis of the erudite Dimitrie Cantemir from the perspective of contemporary sociology. The ideas brought forth by this paper can be summarized as follows: The erudite prince, whom Nicolae Iorga characterised as “raised among books of wisdom”, managed to be a forerunner in the field of the future-to-be science of sociology. His fundamental work in this direction is Descriptio Moldaviae [Description of Moldavia], written upon request of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. Being written in Latin, as the philosopher-prince wrote this book of reference as foundation for the European sociology, allowed it to be studied by all European learners interested in aspects of a science that was to be defined. Moreover, arguments in support of the assertion that Dimitrie Cantemir is a forerunner of the science of sociology can also be found in other reference works, studies and monographs. A significant example is his work Hronicul vechimei a romano-moldo-vlahilor [Chronicle of the old history of the Romano-Moldo Vlachs] in which, as a true sociologist, Cantemir makes a comprehensive analysis of the way in which the Romanians had lived in Dacia, their organization, customs, social hierarchy and their cultural-social relations with other European peoples, considering them a “bridge between the Orient and the West”. Historia incrementorum atque decrementorum Aulae Othomanicae [The History of the Ascent and Descent of the Ottoman Court], although claimed by historians, is a reference work for the encyclopaedic mind of Dimitrie Cantemir, and a fundamental one for the European sociology. This book, existing in the Library of the American Congress, describes true sociologic investigations about the Turkish society and about the other European states of that time, which coexisted with the Ottoman Empire
Alternative Sociologies. The New Russian School and the Alternatives of Social Evolution. Kradin, N., Korotayev, A. şi Bondarenko, D. (ed.), Alternatives of Social Evolution, ediţia a II-a, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2011, 492 p.
No full textConstrucția neo-ruralului la porțile orașului: vectorii satisfacției rezidențiale în suburbiile emergente: The Construction of the New Rural at the City Gates: Vectors of Residential Satisfaction in Emerging Suburbs
No full textStudiul propune o incursiune în geografia simbolică a spaţiului peri-urban din jurul Capitalei, ca zonă-satelit ce influenţează dezvoltarea neo-ruralului, investigat prin prisma profilului motivaţional al celor care au optat pentru migraţia exocentrică tipică exurbanizării. Sunt exploraţi determinanţii şi implicaţiile pattern-urilor de migraţie internă a familiilor din clasa medie din municipiu către un spaţiu peri-urban cu puternică amprentă rurală, care se diferenţiază radical de reperele şi referenţialul cu care aceşti subiecţi erau familiarizaţi, ca experienţă locativă anterioară. Într-o micro-anchetă pe bază de chestionar şi interviuri semi-structurate, sunt examinaţi principalii factori ai satisfacţiei rezidenţiale şi mecanismele adaptative ce condiţionează inserţia în noul mediu. O concluzie priveşte dificultatea de a negocia constant un echilibru fragil între avantajele şi deficienţele asociate locuirii în acest mediu, între ambiţia autarhică şi deprivarea relaţională. O analiză cost-beneficiu fundamentează în registru comparativ percepţiile despre mediul rezidenţial suburban, prin confruntarea expectanţelor cu proba realităţii. Reiese concluzia potrivit căreia cele mai subestimate inconveniente ţin de costurile suplimentare cauzate de accesul anevoios la infrastructura de transport, ceea ce limitează mobilitatea, dar şi de diminuarea timpului liber, costuri mari cu întreţinerea şi investiţiile în arealul locativ şi expunerea sporită la hazarde naturale, riscul de izolare şi cvasi-absenţa unei reţele viabile de suport social. Recomandările sunt discutate pentru planul micro, dar şi pentru cel macro-al politicilor publice privind locuirea, urbanismul şi administraţia locală
Intelectuali şi „capcane politice” în România interbelică: Intellectuals and “Political Traps” in Interwar Romania
No full textIn this paper I aim to discuss the role played by public intellectuals in interwar Romania starting from a series of recent analyses relative to this period, analyses which state that these intellectuals were „ensnared” by the fascination of totalitarianism. I do not intend to claim that the stances against the democratic political system – manifested by the most representative intellectuals of interwar Romania – are specific only to the Romanian area but on the contrary, I aim to include them in a populist trend which became manifest in the interwar period, either in the form of fascism or in that of bolshevism. Such an approach, which subscribes to the above mentioned analyses, takes a position „against” a particular contemporary intellectual trend, which projects retrospectively, a „romantic” perspective on the Romanian interwar period. A possible explanation for this state of affairs stems from the fact that, in post-communism, the axiological recovery of the interwar period has been an attempt to make a historical compensation for the totalitarian-based social engineering of the communist age. Although understandable from a symbolical perspective, this vision does not annul the fact that the interwar itself was a period which encompassed totalitarian political and social attitudes, even if the latter did not have the impact of those specific to the communist dictatorship. In any case, by positionning themselves against the democratic organisation of society and by conveying the idea of a „historical necessity” which claimed „another type of politics”, the most important intellectuals of the interwar period supported and, in some cases, even justified totalitarian attitudes and political decisions
Există un curent monografist în cadrul tinerei generaţii interbelice? Is there a Monographist Current in the Milieu of the Young Interwar Generation?
No full textIn this article I will seek to bring to the fore a current which, until now, escaped the attention of those who study the problem of the young interwar generation: the monographist current or the one inspired by the Sociological School founded by Dimitrie Gusti. The question is to what extent such current can be identified. This research will provide just a few clues on a possible answer, not a full-fledged investigation. Also, this research is not one on the history of sociological ideas, being framed within the social history approaches of the Gustian School inspired by Zoltan Rostás. I show in this paper that the monographist current is originated in the early twenties of the interwar period, as an alternative to the radical student’s movement witch later will be dominated by the legionaries. The main feature of the monographists is their non-ideological and analytical approach of the realities of the time, as opposed to the highly ideological and radical legionaries, and their action-oriented stance, as opposed to the theoretical „essayists”(Eliade, Cioran, Noica). The monographist current is also much more institutionalized, being a public extension of the Gustian School, not merely a cultural or a political fashion. An important notice is that the Gustian monography as such begins with the youth problem of the interwar Romania, before it will return to the villages
Cercetarea monografică regională interbelică: cazul bănăţean: Monographic Regional Interwar Research: the Case of Banat
No full textIn the interwar Romania, Dimitrie Gusti and his collaborators founded The Sociological School of Bucharest, based on monography as research and intervention method. In Banat, the monographical research was institutionalised through Social Institute Banat-Crişana who, due to its performances and its presence in this region’s culture, becomes a true landmark of Banat culture and an institution that gave individuality to this province. Our paper intends to analyse the way in which Sociological School of Bucharest influenced the monographical research in different regions of Romania with a focus on Social Institute Banat-Crişana and its leader, Cornel Grofşorean. We’ll analyze moments like: creation, the option for a research method, its journal, creation of Royal Foundation branches and also the manner in which the professional and personal relationship between Grofşorean and Dimitrie Gusti influenced this institution. Using qualitative content analysis on archive documents, our paper reveals the influence that Sociological School of Bucharest had on Social Institute Banat-Crişana and also the regional specificity of this institute. The monographical method proposed by Gusti receives in Banat some different attributes that makes it different from the original method. Through this paper we intend to offer a better knowledge of Social Institute Banat-Crişana and a better representation of this institution on the map of interwar Romanian sociology
The Impact of Internet on New Religious Movements’ Discourse
Get PDFThe unprecedented development of the Internet in contemporary world and its increasing influence in people’s life produce, inevitably, an impact on religious practice. This paper is interested to analyze the manners Internet and web-based religious communication affects New Religious Movements’ public discourses and the manner these groups’ construct their own religious messages to atract more adherents, via Internet. We intend to demonstrate that communication through Internet positively influences the way NRMs construct their own religious messages to atract new adherents, that NRMs’ public discourse is influenced by their self-positioning as cultural and religious alternatives, and also by extensive Internet usage in disseminating and constructing their religious discourse. As Internet impacts most religious groups’ communication we want to underline those elements specific to NRMs’ communication. To depict the specificity of Internet’s impact on NRMs’ discourse we’ll first underline some general transformations within religious life and practice induced by longterm social changes, like modernization or globalization. These generate deep cultural transformation on people’s mentality, and religion become, in Western societies, rather a cultural product (Beckford), a projects of the autonomous self (Hoover) dominated by a turn to subjective-life (Woodhead). Mediatization of religion (Hjarvard) generates interesting phenomenons, like “banal religion” (Hjarvard), “hyper-religion” (Possamai) or “cultural religion” (Albanese), while the Internet creates many posibilities of action on religious field for any individual. From challenging traditional religious authorities to creation of a new churchless religion, the Internet allows, especially to New Religious Movements, to attract more followers using the Internet. After these demarcations we’ll underline the specific effects of Internet on NRMs’ discourse. As these groups are much interested in attracting new followers and being more persuasive to outsiders, their public discourses become less traditional, less theological and more flexible, more marketized and follower-oriented
Population Ageing Processes, Case Study (on) Czech and Slovak Republics
Get PDFThe process of population ageing is a complex and difficult issue. The intensity of the effort to recognize these processes is reflected in the number of the methods and techniques used in this effort. The analysis of the population age structure and its ageing with the help of the sophisticated knowledge instruments is the crucial work of our contribution. The object of our study is the population of the Czech Republic (CR) and Slovak Republic (SR), and the changes in their age structure in the years 1920-2011. We used some indicators of traditional ageing measures (hexagonal diagram, ageing index, age index, Billeter index) and some new measure tools based on the selected generation groups also. The comparison shows a high degree of similarity. In the development of the ageing processes are also certain differences between the CR and SR. The ageing of the population in the CR started earlier than in Slovakia, and the process is more intense. A number of social problems are associated with the processes of population ageing. The first group are the issues of economic nature (income–pensions of non-working persons, the reduction of productive age category, the opportunities for utilization of the elderly population). The second group involves the issues of social and health services (geriatric facilities, physicians and health care professionals, psychological facilities, special housing requirements, retirement houses of various types, etc.)
Destin și destinații școlare. Inegalități educaționale în unitățile școlare din Oradea: Destiny and School Destinations. Educational Inequalities in School Institutions from Oradea
No full textThis paper investigates the mechanisms through which pupils reach educational success from the perspective of the chances they face along school trajectories. Recent research conducted on Romania as well as personal analyses confirm the fact that the transition between 8th and 9 th grade, produce homogenization of pupils populations across schools. We can identify differences regarding school achievements of pupils grouped in different types of schools. Data suggest the presence of social reproduction process through the effects of the measures of educational and material capitals of parents, but especially manifested on the levels of status aspirations seen as the influence of school aspirations for accessing higher education as well as the levels of school engagement. In the present paper we propose an explorative analysis regarding the modeling of aspirations towards accessing school trajectories. We identified the factors that explain the orientation of pupils towards theoretical high-schools and national colleges on the one hand, or technical colleges and other technical profile schools. Data suggest the presence of a mechanism of inter generational reproduction of status aspirations. The major factors that influence the accession of certain educational paths are the pupils’ aspirations towards a higher education career, and the material capitals of the family. The social reproduction process is highlighted by the persistence of the influence of inherited capitals. Nevertheless we need to emphasize the fact that accessing school trajectories is made depending on material capitals, along with the educational results on the official exams and this is influenced by the families’ educational capitals
Fațetele multiple ale nemulțumirii populare: o schiță sociologică a protestelor in Piața Universității din ianuarie 2012: The Multiple Facets of Popular Discontent: A Sociological Outline of the January 2012 Protests from Bucharest's University Square
No full textThis article addresses the January 2012 protests from Bucharest, Romania. Due to protesters’ high social diversity, their numerous themes of discontent, and rejection of all current politicians, these protests have been compared to Spain’s „Indignados” movement. I analyze these protests from the standpoint of the theories of collective behavior, outlining their features, duration, and degree of organization. I contend that, although these demonstrations might have contained the seeds of future social and political movements, the January 2012 events could be understood properly as a form of collective behavior. I offer a structural explanation for the emergence of these protests and I discuss the heterogeneity of protesters and their themes using the tools of typological procedures (social types). These social types are constructed by taking into account individuals’ experience of participation in other public protests. I also address the similarities and differences between these protests and other demonstrations, such as those from 1990 in Romania or the recent protests from Spain. As compared to the Spanish protests, the Romanian demonstrations have involved significantly fewer individuals – a fact that is linked to local polity forms, social atomization, generalized distrust, and low civic participation. Despite all this, the Romanian protests have generated a series of political changes, which culminated in the resignation of the Prime Minister Emil Boc and his cabinet. While the opposition parties are likely to capitalize on Romanians’ discontent with the former main ruling party, populist, extremist, and anti-system political forces might also gain public support by exploiting citizens’ widespread distrust of current politicians and Parliament