Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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William Strauss; Neil Howe, The fourth turning: What the cycles of history tell us about America’s next rendezvous with destiny, Editura Three Rivers Press, New York, 1997, 398 p.
Get PDFEducation in Communist Times: the Case of Romania
Get PDFThe paper analyses the educational policies in Romania for the period 1948-1989. The purpose is to examine the main features that defined the educational system during the communist period, thus providing the background for a better understanding of the strengths and the weaknesses of education during these years. The paper consists of five distinct sections: (i) legislative reforms; (ii) human, material and financial resources; (iii) access and participation; (iv) educational environment; (v) voice of the pupils and students. Whenever data is available, the paper uses a comparative perspective with other communist countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland), particularly regarding the access to and participation in education. Several achievements in the field of education are present in communist Romania: (i) the positive evolution of participation in education, particularly regarding elementary education; (ii) the campaign to eradicate illiteracy was successful, at least in terms of numbers; (iii) vocational education displayed spectacular increases in the communist period; (iv) the number of students enrolled in higher education increased significantly; (v) expansion of support forms to broaden participation, especially in the higher education system. Nevertheless, there are also a series of negative aspects, such as access and participation of particular groups to education – children with disabilities, children from placement centres, pupils, and students of “unhealthy social origin”. A selection of oral history fragments completes the picture about the educational environment
Îmbătrânirea demografică și practică religioasă în România: 1990-2018: Population Ageing and Religious Practice in Romania: 1990-2018
No full textIn Romania, as is the case in other Central and Eastern European states, there was a revival of religious practice after the fall of communism. In addition to the series of explanations proposed in the literature to understand this trend, we bring arguments for a hypothesis that starts from a demographic perspective. The main idea discussed in this paper is that the evolution of the population structure has consequences on its values and beliefs. In this article, we are looking at the evolution of the age structure of the Romanian population. As a result of improving life expectancy, decreasing fertility and a consistently negative net migration, there has been a steady increase in the share of the elderly in population in recent years. This article analyses the relationship between ageing population and religious practice in Romania after 1989. Based on data from 22 opinion polls and administrative data, using correlation analysis specific to small samples, we show that there is a positive association between population ageing and church attendance during the reference period. This association is also preserved when we consider factors suggested by alternative hypotheses, such as the economic situation of the elderly and the economic context of Romania at different moments during the period considered here
Reunificarea României. Elemente de infrastructură geopolitică: Reunification of Romania. Elements of Geopolitical Infrastructure
No full textHow should we take into account the issue of the reintegration of Bessarabia, the geopolitical and geo-economic opportunities of the Trimarium and the Black Sea Belt? On the one hand, idealized, as part of the national ideal, and pragmatic, from the perspective of development opportunities to strengthen relations with close and distant neighbours, perhaps even to strengthen the national and regional security. But, more than anything, let us think of strengthening relations with the Romanians around the borders, which must be part of the geopolitical function of the Romanian state in Europe. However, in order to make such a thing happen, the ethnopolitical component must be reintroduced into the administrative reflex and in the social circuit. In this logic, the reunification with Bessarabia, can be seen as a natural endeavour to exercise its Ponto-Baltic function, in relation to which Trimarium, for example, becomes an opportunity. Starting from the thesis of Simion Mehedinți’s ponto-baltic isthmus, and from Golopenția’s theory of the function of the infrastructure, we will address some elements that we consider important in the reunification process. We will also use recent research on reunification costs. This sketch is a starting point and not a wider approach to the issue
Reforma funciară în perioada postcomunistă: Land Reform in the Post Communist Period
No full textAfter 1991, as many of the former communist countries, Romanian made efforts to re-establish a legal framework for private land ownership. The restitution of land properties has been a long and difficult process, with profound social and economic implications. The process has begun with the adoption of the Law 18/1991. The law attempted to recreate property rights that existed prior the collectivization, not simply to distribute land to the villages. Law 18/1991 was modified several times in the transition period (1997, 2000 and 2005). The main objective of these new laws was to increase the maximum land area that could be restituted to the former owners. The land privatization process created a new reality for the rural areas. Land fragmentation and subsistence farming become main problems in rural Romania as a consequence of key decisions that were taken during the transition period. Other former communist countries from the Central and Eastern Europe have chosen different strategies for achieving agrarian reform. Nowadays there are major differences between rural Romania and Czech Republic, Hungary or Poland. Starting from this general description, the main aims of this study is to discuss on land reform implications in Romania and to highlight the differences between the different land reform strategies which have been implemented in Central and Eastern Europe
Clasa medie în Republica Moldova: realități și perspective: The Middle Class in the Republic of Moldova: Realities and Perspectives
No full textThe article presents the results of the sociological research of the middle class in the Republic of Moldova. Analyzing the concepts of social stratification and middle class, the authors argue the methodology of the middle class research in the Republic of Moldova and come with arguments regarding the stratification of the population of the country into several social groups according to occupational status, material welfare and social self-positioning. According to their opinion, the level of education, the socio-occupational status and the level of well-being determine the positioning of individuals in different strata. Thus, the people with higher level of education, occupational status, and welfare, have higher chances to be positioned in the upper groups, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of social classes in the Republic of Moldova, the authors conclude that Moldovan society is very polarized – with a small number of wealthy people at the top of the pyramid and a very large number of poor people at the base of the pyramid. The middle class is not heterogeneous: it is divided into the lower middle class, the core middle class and the upper middle class. The core middle class has similar characteristics with the middle class in Western countries and is characterized by high socio-occupational status, high level of well-being and self-positioning in the middle class, but unfortunately it is quite low and constitutes only 3%-5% of the population. However, the research is showing that there is a strata ranged from 5% to 30% of population, depending of the parameters they combine, between the lower middle class and the core middle class. This social group, also called proto middle class, in certain circumstances could complement the core middle class
Ioan Mărginean (coordonator), Marian Vasile (coordonator), Dicționar de Calitatea Vieții, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2015, 286 p.
Get PDFRomânia socială: 1945–2018. Introducere: The Social Contexts of Romania: 1945–2018. Introduction
No full textCondiții de viață și aspirații ale foștilor rezidenți ai Căminului Spital Cighid: Living Conditions and Aspirations of Former Residents of Cighid Hostel Hospital
No full textChild institutionalization has been and continues to be an issue at the level of our country and not only. Children’s placement in institutions affects their development in all aspects. After reaching adulthood, many of those children who have gone through such an experience face difficulties in having an autonomous life, in integrating into community and into the labour market. The purpose of this paper was to capture some relevant aspects of the lives of some young people who had been institutionalized in the Cighid Hostel Hospital for Minors with Severe Disabilities, Bihor County. The study focused on highlighting the implications of institutionalization on the young people and the factors which determined their integration, even though they were labelled as ‘hopeless’. In the study 9 young people with mild and moderate mental deficiencies were included, who were institutionalized in the communist period at the Cighid Hostel Hospital and who, at present, benefit from the services of the Romanian and Alsterdorf German Association of from Oradea. The focus group method was used. The discussions focused on collecting information on the following areas of interest: aspects of the young people’s lives in the communist period/aspects of their lives in the period after 1989, how do these young people perceive institutionalization, school, their work, the support network, friendships, these young people’s life itinerary, wrong/inappropriate attitudes towards people with disabilities (prejudices, discriminatory actions), how they perceive their future. Our study results sustain that institutionalization determines young people’s development, with repercussions throughout their lives. Nevertheless, the study outlines a positive image of young people, who demonstrate responsibility and wish to contribute, as much as they can, to the continuous improvement of their lives and of those from their entourage. All these aspects are possible only with a constant support from the community services and from the specialists assisting these young people
O resursă digitală pentru sociologia românească: Biblioteca Virtuală de Sociologie: A Digital Resource for Romanian Sociology: The Virtual Library of Sociology
No full textThe capacity of storing existing materials and the ever rising editorial production is one of the contemporary challenges of academic and educational institutions. Also, the ability to disseminate structured content information using interoperability standards facilitates the discovery of resources. This fact is very important given the context of extreme abundance of information, specific to digital societies. In this article, we will present an initiative of the Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romanian Academy, which aims at digitalizing the relevant Romanian sociological publications. The context, the web platform architecture and the main indicators of the use of the available resources, as well as the development plans, will be discussed. Thus, through ensuring the free access to books and studies, the Virtual Library of Sociology contributes to the consolidation of the Romanian sociological community