Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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Elemente de infrastructură edilitară și condiții de locuire în România, în intervalul 2008–2016: Some Elements of Edilitar Infrastructure and Housing Conditions in Romania, During 2008–2016
No full textThe quality of housing is still a topic of great interest among the Romanian population because there is much to be done in this chapter in order to talk about real welfare at the level of the majority. Our study is centered on the analyzing of the main indicators regarding the critical points of having a house in our country and the results of the rehabilitation actions carried out on a large scale during the last decade. There are also presented some indicators regarding the latest developments in urban/rural areas and housing conditions in Romania, between 2008 and 2016 (during the first decade after Romania’s integration into the European Union). Statistical data come from national institutions (NIS, TEMPO database), or from international ones (Eurostat). The article discusses some aspects of public policies with impact on the endowment with technical infrastructure, of urban and rural settlements in our country, knowing that by the presence and quality of some public utility supply networks, depend the living conditions of the population, the development of public services, and last but not least the improvement of environmental conditions. Also, even the presence/absence of some public elements of infrastructure can decisively influence the maintaining public health, hygiene and comfort of the housing, as well as that of the community life as a whole. Access to such utilities may be the subject of indicators of the quality of housing, the quality of life of the population, but also of general development at community level. As a result, such a type of access generates a distinct field of interest for the current development of the policies at regional and national level
Evoluția sistemului de sănătate și schimbarea demografică în România: 1945-2018: The Evolution of the Healthcare System and the Demographic Change in Romania: 1945-2018
No full textThis article presents the demographic transition as it took place in Romania, focusing on the communist and contemporary periods. In general, demographic transition is governed by the increase of life expectancy at birth, doubled, in time, by the decrease of natality. These trends occur in the context of modernization, due to access to public utilities, to better healthcare and major improvements in life conditions. In the case of Romania, data seems to suggest that the communist period, albeit the numerous restrictions it imposed on population and its ideological constitution, was the period in which, at least from a demographic standpoint, Romania left its pre-modern condition and entered modernity. Another stake of the article is to problematize the current state of healthcare system, taking into account at least two major factors: population aging (due to demographic transition and mobility of people across borders) and the particular case of brain drain experienced by Romania in the past decades, focusing mainly on the emigration of medical staff. The paper points out that , in order to better address the needs of population, the healthcare system has to be adjusted to the socio-demographic context, paying a special attention to labor force shortage in the healthcare system
Relația instituțiilor publice cu persoanele șomere: O analiză de gen: The Relationship of Public Institutions with the Unemployed: A Gender Analysis
No full textThis article aims to analyze the relationship between the public institutions responsible for reducing unemployment and the unemployed people, both men and women. The analysis is based on a gender perspective on the involvement of public institutions in this social issue. The purpose of this article is to identify the degree of involvement and collaboration of the public institutions responsible for reducing unemployment with the two identified groups. The division of unemployment by gender is argued by the fact that it has different causes depending on gender, which is why the measures taken to combat it should be adapted to this criterion. The same is true of the relationship between public institutions and those directly affected by this problem. The research methodology used to achieve the proposed goal is a combination of quantitative methods – sociological inquiry based on questionnaire and qualitative – semi-structured interview, both conducted within the two target groups: women and men. Finally, a calculation tool for public institutions, which helps to identify the degree of involvement and collaboration with the unemployed, is proposed, based on the interpretation of the results, as a result of the obtained score, making some specific recommendations. Unemployment affects both men and women, but the response to this problem is different for gender, as well as the subsequent solutions identified and how to relate and collaborate with responsible institutions
Gabriel Țica, Recidivism și excluziune socială, Editura Universității din Oradea, Oradea, 2016, 238 p.
Get PDFMunca în viața de zi cu zi a copiilor. Studiu calitativ în județul Sălaj: Children’s and their Meaning Attached to Work. Study in Salaj County
No full textThe study focuses on children’s representations of the engagement into working activities and the meaning attached to work. The aim of this research is to emphasize the importance of conducting research from a child-centered perspective for a better understanding of aspects that concern children. Arguing that children have to right to express themselves, the study describes how Romanian children from a traditional rural community value the work that they do based on their discourse. While the study signals that communities tend to undervalue children’s work, it shows aspects that lead to children’s empowerment, as revealed from interviews conducted with children. The research employed a mixed method of analysis, triangulating the data from 7 interviews realized with children from a small rural community with a pilot survey and former findings in the area. The data was coded and analyzed with QSR NVIVO 11 Program
Social assistance in the context of social changes. The Gustian Reform Programme
Get PDFThe present study is a brief incursion into the history of social assistance in Romania and its role in social changes. In this context, the contribution of the Sociological School of Bucharest founded by D. Gusti is emphasised with respect to the emergence of the modern statues of social assistance as distinct institutional field, and specialised profession.Dimitrie Gusti, a man of remarkable professional-scientific openness (studies of philosophy, sociology, ethics, social and political sciences, social statistics, etc ) was the promoter of a wide Social Reforms Programme based on the positions of scientific knowledge regarding society. It had as core objective to guide the evolution process of Romania on a modern development path. At the core of an extended programme of reforms laid also the assumption of the social responsibility of sociology and socio-humane sciences. Sociology emerges according to the Gustian vision as one of the fundamental social sciences involved in the processes of changing the society. As “sociologia militans”, it is in the service of the nation and of the community. Next to sociology, social assistance’s transformative function plays an essential role in approaching, solving, and preventing severe social phenomena. The changes demanded by Romania’s modernisation had also perverse effects at social, human, and moral level by multiplying/emerging risks generating marginalisation, and social exclusion for a good part of the society. Thus, sociology and social assistance (centred on supporting vulnerable communities/individuals) gained a completely particular role in the reform model proposed by the Sociological School of Bucharest. Here, social and socio-humane sciences were regarded as not only active tools for gaining knowledge about the society, but also as efficient intervention and change means. Due to their technicality and professionalism, social and humane sciences in general, and sociology and social assistance in particular were regarded in the process of social change as true “social and human engineering” (Zamfir, E. 1981). Thus, the Sociological School of Bucharest created by D. Gusti and supported by cultural and politic-administrative institutions mobilised also a wide collective of experts, and intellectuals of multi-and interdisciplinary openness, men with wide-ranging cultural perspective, as demanded by transformative processes.The objectives of the Gustian reform project were structured clearly based on a general theory of the social system. They were guided with priority on knowledge about the society starting with empirical research regarding local communities, as such. Focusing on field research regarding the reality of the communities in their entirety, underpinned the idea that villages developed historically, as distinct social entities. Consequently, their research and knowledge about them imposed the monographic-type analysis. In the vision of the Sociological School of Bucharest, the village and the communities become sure milestones of social development and activism. In this context, social assistance plays a central role not only in recording the needs of the vulnerable ones, but also in solving their specific issues by multiple approach. This participative instance of social intervention and support work at the community and individual level is sustained by “action-research”. Thus, taking into account its multiple levels of practical intervention in social reality, assistance gains also a special mission of prevention and diminishing modern risks
Elena Zamfir, Iuliana Precupețu (coordonatori), Calitatea vieții. Un proiect pentru România, Editura Academiei Române, București 2018, 415 p.
Get PDFEficiența sistemului de protecție socială în reducerea sărăciei. Comparație România – țări din UE: The Efficiency of the Social Protection System in Reducing Poverty. A Comparison between Romania and other EU States
No full textAs regard to the risk of poverty and social exclusion but also to the relative poverty, Romania has significantly higher rates than the EU average. Although the social impact of the transition was an important one in all former communist countries, the comparison between them reveals the functioning of a different model of social development followed by Romania and Bulgaria during the transition period. The proposed analysis will start from identifying, in the general picture of poverty in nowadays Romania, those groups that are mostly vulnerable, those with the greatest potential for accentuating vulnerability and those with the most precarious addressability; it will also focus on the effectiveness of the social protection system in reducing the risk of poverty and in supporting each of these vulnerable categories. The approach will be carried out from a comparative perspective, the comparison with the EU countries being complemented by those from the group of former communist countries of UE. In addition to the quantitative comparison set up by the socio-economic indicators, the analysis will also use some of the results of the study visits made in Poland, Ireland and Catalonia, Spain, in the years 2016–2017, inside the project „Implementation of a policy-making system in the field of social inclusion at the level of MLSJ”, code SIPOCA 4, co-funded by the European Union (EU)
Crizele economice și interacțiunea dintre piață și politicile publice: Economic Crises and the Interaction between the Market and Public Policies
No full textThis article’s main idea is that a coherent attitude must be imposed in the relation between the market and the state, either by allowing the market to fully realize its competitive function by eliminating non-viable actors, or by imposing public policies designed to make the competition between market actors less risky but also less profitable. Based on this idea, it is shown that in the case of mature capitalism, the elimination of the longstanding incoherence between the market and the public policies leads to the elimination of the intermediate causes of crises (as they are listed and analyzed in the literature), but especially to the reduction of moral hazard, of the waste of resources and of the risks of repeating and amplifying economic crises. All this is done by first resorting to a historical treatment (the construction of case studies for several economic crises), then using this historic analysis in a systematic treatment (the construction of a model for the causes of economic crises) and by highlighting alternative scenarios of evolution for each crisis studied, in order to show that when this incoherence in the interaction between the market and public policies does not occur, the causes of the economic crises in question would be transformed, sometimes to the point of extinction, and the economic crisis would either have not occurred or would have had smaller dimensions