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Young users of social media: an analysis from a gender perspective
Get PDFOne of the major challenges for edu-communication research is to analyze the
influence of social media on young and adolescent users. This article examines
the evaluation of gender inequalities – real and symbolic – in the consumption
of social networks such as YouTube and Instagram among young people. Within
the framework of a Research & Development & innovation (R&D + i) project, it
presents a discursive-theoretical analysis of how young users of social media
perceive the presence and representation of gender on social media and whether
such digital representations can be associated with an empowering gender
perspective. This study presents results from 14 focus groups (N = 83), composed
of students aged 12 to 18, drawn from three Spanish Autonomous Communities
(Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Basque Country). The results show that
gender issues arise in participants’ conversations, especially among female
participants, who perceive the importance of physical appearance on platforms
such as Instagram and TikTok. Female participants feel more pressure in terms of
appearance and dress compared to male participants. Among male participants
there are more expressions of self-affirmation and more mentions related to fun
and social prestige. Both male and female participants express concern about
the impact of that pressure on younger girls. The influence of social media on
self-image is more evident among female participants, who make frequent
mention of the importance of self-esteem in relation to beauty standards and
exposure to idealized body images. Notably, there were no comments by male
participants that acknowledge any influence of social media on their self-image.
The findings are in line with existing research and taken as a whole gives rise to
concern as to the gender disparities observed in the use of social media, which
do not constitute a picture of female empowerment. This research underlines
the importance of promoting a respectful and equitable environment in relation
to gender equality within digital spaces. Thus, this study provides support for the
need to develop and implement edu-communicative initiatives to foster critical
thinking around the influence of social media in this context and the evaluation
of the impact of such initiatives in future research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Presence of the emerging technologies in the curriculum of communication degrees
Get PDFEl impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el ámbito de la comunicación plantea desafíos cruciales para la educación universitaria. En este artículo analizamos si se están integrando conceptos o temas relacionados con la IA en los planes de estudios de los grados de comunicación para garantizar la formación de futuros profesionales. Se ha realizado un análisis de 34 grados en comunicación de 10 universidades, examinando 1908 guías docentes y las salidas profesionales de los respectivos planes de estudio. Los resultados muestran una presencia testimonial de conceptos vinculados a las tecnologías emergentes (TE) en las guías docentes, al contrario que en el caso de las salidas profesionales y perfiles de egreso, incluso en los grados verificados más recientemente. Además, los conceptos relacionados con las TE tienen más presencia en asignaturas obligatorias y en los últimos cursos. Las conclusiones demuestran que la introducción de conceptos relacionados con la IA en los planes de estudios de comunicación se debe más a un proceso voluntarista que no a una profunda reestructuración de dichos planes, sobre todo por el desfase entre la presencia masiva de las tecnologías emergentes en los perfiles de egreso y su poca presencia relativa en las guías docentes. Aunque los cambios en el mercado laboral son muy veloces, la implementación de nuevos planes de estudio debe partir de un proceso reflexivo, evitando tanto la adopción automática de cualquier contenido relacionado con alguna innovación como la inacción debido a barreras burocráticas de los mismos sistemas universitarios.The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the communication field poses crucial challenges for higher education. In this article, we analyze if concepts or topics related to AI are being integrated into the curricula of communication degrees to ensure the training of future professionals. An analysis of 34 communication degrees from 10 universities was conducted, examining 1908 course guides and the professional outcomes of the respective curricula. The results show a token presence of concepts linked to emerging technologies (ET) in the course guides, in contrast to the case of professional outcomes and graduate profiles, even in the most recently verified degrees. Furthermore, concepts related to ET have a greater presence in compulsory subjects and in the final years of higher education studies. The conclusions demonstrate that the introduction of concepts related to AI in communication curricula is more due to a voluntarist process than to a profound restructuring of said curricula, mainly due to the gap between the widespread presence of emerging technologies in graduate profiles and their relatively low presence in course guides. Although changes in the job market are very fast, the implementation of new curricula should be based on a reflective process, avoiding both the automatic adoption of any content related to innovation and inaction due to bureaucratic barriers within the university systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Determinantes del patrón de consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de secundaria
Get PDFTFM del Màster Universitari en Psicologia General Sanitària tutoritzat per Xavier Carbonell SánchezEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer algunos de los determinantes y consecuencias
del consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de secundaria de un instituto público de la Comunidad
Valenciana. Por un lado, se obtuvieron los datos sobre la prevalencia de consumo incluyendo el
consumo en forma de “binge drinking”. Por otro lado, se exploraron las consecuencias, los
motivos y las expectativas que están implicadas en el consumo de alcohol, especialmente en
este patrón de consumo.
La muestra estuvo compuesta por 186 estudiantes, con una proporción similar entre hombres y
mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años de edad. Los análisis indicaron que
más de la mitad de la muestra había consumido alcohol en los 6 meses anteriores a la recogida
de datos y un 44,6% practicó “binge drinking’. Esto reflejó en estos últimos una mayor frecuencia
de consecuencias perjudiciales.
Respecto a los motivos con mayor influencia en el consumo de alcohol tanto en forma de “binge
drinking” como sin este patrón de consumo fueron el de afrontamiento a la depresión, el social
y el de mejora. En cuanto a las expectativas de consumo, las expectativas positivas se
relacionaron con una mayor probabilidad de consumir alcohol y las expectativas negativas con
una menor probabilidad, al igual que en el consumo en forma de “binge drinking”.
La información recopilada fue de gran utilidad para recomendar a la dirección del instituto
posibles actuaciones preventivas ajustadas a la realidad de este colectivo con la finalidad de
reducir los posibles daños y riesgos que conlleva el consumo de alcohol.The aim of this study was to find out some of the determinants and consequences of alcohol
consumption among secondary school students in a public secondary school in the Valencian
Community. On the one hand, data were obtained on the prevalence of consumption, including
binge drinking. On the other hand, the consequences, motives and expectations involved in
alcohol consumption, especially in this drinking pattern, were explored.
The sample consisted of 186 students, with a similar proportion of males and females, aged
between 12 and 16 years. Analyses indicated that more than half of the sample had consumed
alcohol in the six months prior to data collection and 44.6% engaged in binge drinking. This
reflected a higher frequency of harmful consequences in the latter.
The most influential motives for binge drinking and non-binge drinking were coping with
depression, societal incentives and drinking for enhancement. In terms of drinking expectancies,
positive expectancies were related to a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol and negative
expectancies to a lower likelihood, as in binge drinking.
The information gathered was very useful for recommending to the school management
possible preventive actions adjusted to the reality of this group in order to reduce the possible
harms and risks associated with alcohol consumption
Examining the Motivations Underlying International Students’ Migration Behaviors: the Case of Master’s Students in Spain
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the motivations that international graduate students have to either migrate or return home after completing their master’s degree in Spain, one of the most important and yet under-researched host countries in the international European education arena. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 63 international students graduated in a business field of a top-tier highly international private university. Through thematic analysis, we extracted 113 themes, 70 from the group that decided to migrate and 43 from the group that decided to return to their home country. These themes were classified under 13 motivation categories, 5 of them being work-related and 8 non-work-related, thus resulting in a 2 × 2 factor model. Work-related motivations to migrate included the perception of better career opportunities and the desire to work for an ideal company. Salary played a limited role. Non-work-related motivations to migrate included having a global identity, which to our knowledge has not been identified before, and not returning home for political reasons. Work-related motivations for returning included not seeing job opportunities abroad and seeing higher job opportunities in the home country. Non-work-related motivations for returning included the pandemic, personal motivations, and mobility restrictions. Results from this case study bring new insights about the phenomenological motivations of this population for deciding whether to pursue an international career or not and can therefore help professionals like policy makers and career advisors to develop and implement appropriate measures to support their decisions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Effects of an 8-Week Cognitive–Motor Training Program on Proprioception and Postural Control Under Single and Dual Task in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week cognitive-motor training program on postural control and knee proprioception under single and dual task conditions. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: The present study was registered with the ID number NCT04786132. A total of 20 healthy and physically active older adults (73.25 ± 5.98 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group (EG and CG). Postural control was measured with the Romberg test, with open (RBOE) and closed eyes (RBCE) and under unipodal dominant side (RUDL) conditions. Proprioception was assessed by measuring participants’ ability to reposition their dominant knee at 45°. Finally, performance of the cognitive task was measured through a subscale of the Barcelona Test called “categorical evocation in associations”. The EG and the CG completed 8-week training programs with two sessions, 30 min per week, of postural control and proprioception exercises. The EG additionally included music in each session. Results: The analysis using a mixed ANOVA model revealed no significant group × time interaction effects (p < 0.05) for any of the assessments. However, a significant main effect for the time factor was observed, with both the control and experimental groups showing improved outcomes in the post-intervention measurements. Specifically, significant results were found for RBOE (F (4,15) = 11.87, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.76), RBCE (F (4,15) = 11.62, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.75), and proprioception (F (1,18) = 11.53, p < 0.003, η2p = 0.39). Conclusions: The 8-week training program had a positive impact on the post-intervention results for motor control and proprioception, but not on the results of the cognitive task. There were no significant differences between the groups that carried out sessions with or without music.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Injury Risk Analysis among Judo Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to evaluate injury prevalence, incidence rate, and burden in judo athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in international competitions. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from the past year for 182 judo athletes with ID. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire, adapted from previous research, that included questions about injuries impacting training or competition, injury type, mechanism, severity, diagnosis, and location on the body. The injury prevalence among judo athletes with ID occurred most often during training (68.2%) and primarily affected the lower extremities (35%). Age group and injury prevalence were significantly related (χ2=7.91; P=0.04), while gender, weight, and ability level were not. Results were closer to those previously reported for conventional judo, which is likely due to the lower practice intensity among judo athletes with ID. Injury prevalence was lower than in prior studies, but the incidence rates aligned when considering training time in judo athletes with ID. Injury burden analysis revealed that females had a lower burden than males, while older athletes experienced a higher burden than younger athletes. Most injuries occur during training, which is likely attributable to safety-focused competition rules.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Dansen op de vulkaan: leiderschap in onzekerheid
Get PDFDe toekomst van onze wereld staat ter discussie. We worden
geconfronteerd met klimaatverandering, geopolitieke
conflicten, polarisatie in de samenleving, demografische
spanningen, ontwrichtende technologieën, armoede, migratie en
gezondheidsproblemen. De sociale ontwikkelingsdoelen van de
Verenigde Naties maken onze mondiale uitdagingen meer dan
duidelijk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Climate Change and Social networks: The use of Instagram and TikTok among secondary-school students in relation to sustainability
Get PDFClimate change has been identified as the greatest challenge facing
humanity. In this research we sought to find out the extent to which teenagers use
social media to stay informed about the climate emergency and sustainability.
We studied the case of 98 teenagers, examining what types of content they view
on Instagram and Tik Tok, and which accounts they follow. The main results of
this research indicate that these teenagers do not use the analysed platforms to
consume content on climate emergency and sustainability, highlighting the need
for further educational intervention as a way to promote interest in these issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Association between beverage consumption and environmental sustainability in an adult population with metabolic syndrome
Get PDFBeverages are an important part of the diet, but their environmental impact has been scarcely assessed. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in beverage consumption over a one-year period can impact the environmental sustainability of the diet. This is a one-year longitudinal study of 55–75-year-old participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1122) within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food and beverage intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a validated beverage-specific questionnaire. The Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database was used to calculate environmental impact parameters such as greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and land use. A sustainability beverage score was created by considering the evaluated environmental markers. A higher beverage sustainability score was obtained when decreasing the consumption of bottled water, natural and packed fruit juice, milk, and drinkable dairy, soups and broths, sorbets and jellies, soft drinks, tea without sugar, beer (with and without alcohol), and wine, as well as when increasing the consumption of tap water and coffee with milk and without sugar. Beverage consumption should be considered when assessing the environmental impact of a diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 5 September 2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Formation of a Covalent Adduct in Retaining β-Kdo Glycosyl-Transferase WbbB via Substrate-Mediated Proton Relay
Get PDFThe GT99 domain of the membrane-anchored WbbB glycosyltransferase (WbbBGT99) catalyzes the transfer of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-acid (β-Kdo) to an O-antigen saccharide acceptor with retention of stereochemistry. It has been proposed that the enzyme follows an unprecedented double-displacement mechanism involving the formation of covalent adduct between the Kdo sugar and an active site residue (Asp232) that is properly oriented for nucleophilic attack. Here we use QM/MM metadynamics simulations on recently reported crystal structures to provide theoretical evidence for the formation of such adduct and unveil the atomic details of the chemical reaction. Our results support the interpretation made on the basis of X-ray and mass spectrometry analyses. Moreover, we show that the formation of the β-Kdo-Asp232 adduct is assisted by the sugar Kdo-carboxylate group, which mediates the transfer of a proton from Asp232 towards the phosphate leaving group, alleviating electrostatic repulsion between the two negatively charged carboxylate groups. The computed mechanism also explains why His265, previously proposed to act as a general acid, does not impair catalysis. This mechanism can be extended to other related enzymes, expanding the repertoire of GT mechanisms in Nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio