USN Open Archive (University of South-Eastern Norway)
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Fra undervisning til læring? Forsøk med omvendt undervisning i to juridske fag våren 2024
No full textDenne rapporten presenterer et pedagogisk utviklingsprosjekt ved bachelorutdanningen i rettsvitenskap ved USN, der undervisningsformen omvendt undervisning ble tatt i bruk i to juridiske fag våren 2024. Kjernen i prosjektet har vært å utforske hvordan omvendt undervisning kan bidra til økt læring, i lys av det pedagogiske utgangspunktet om at studentaktive læringsformer i større grad legger til rette for dybdelæring enn mer tradisjonell undervisning der studenten har en mer passiv rolle i innlæringen. Verken utviklingsprosjektet eller denne rapporten har som mål å finne ut av om hvorvidt omvendt undervisning er bedre eller dårligere for studentenes læringsutbytte enn andre undervisningsformer som legger vekt på studentaktivitet. Utviklingsprosjektets formål er å utvikle og teste ut metoder og hente erfaring. Prosjektet som sådan gir ikke forskningsbaserte resultater knyttet til læringseffekten av omvendt undervisning. Til det er omfanget for lite, og det er verken gjennomført objektive målinger av resultater og læringsutbytte eller sammenlikning med studentgrupper som har hatt et mer tradisjonelt undervisningsopplegg.
I kapittel 2 og 3 i rapporten gjennomgås det teoretiske utgangspunktet som begrunner et studentaktivt undervisningsopplegg, og i kapittel 3 beskrives metoden omvendt undervisning. Planlegging og gjennomføring av prosjektet beskrives konkret i kapittel 4, og i kapittel 5 redegjøres det for studentenes evaluering av undervisningsopplegget. Det pedagogiske utviklingsprosjektet vurderes som vellykket. I rapportens kapittel 6 oppsummerer jeg mine egne vurderinger av prosjektet, og peker på visse viktige lærings- og forbedringspunkter for videre arbeid.publishedVersio
Forhandlinger og lykketreff: Høyt utdannede polske innvandreres erfaringer knyttet til prosessen med å oppnå relevant arbeid i Norge
No full textDenne studien undersøker hvilke erfaringer høyt utdannede polske innvandrere har med å oppnå relevant arbeid i Norge, og hvordan disse erfaringene kan bidra til å utvikle karriereveiledningen for utenlandske veisøkere med høyere utdanning.
Studien er basert på fire semistrukturerte intervjuer der informantene ble spurt om sine erfaringer, jobbsøkingsstrategier og refleksjoner rundt prosessen med å finne arbeid der de kunne bruke sin medbrakte kompetanse. Videre ble datamaterialet analysert ved hjelp av Stegvis deduktiv induksjon (SDI)
Analysen av datamaterialet identifiserer fire gjennomgående elementer i informantenes karrierehistorier: 1) sterk egeninnsats, blant annet i form av språklæring og fokus på å skaffe seg arbeidserfaring, 2) støtte fra andre, både gjennom private og profesjonelle nettverk og fra det offentlige støtteapparatet 3) betydninger av tilfeldigheter og uforutsette muligheter i karriereutviklingen og 4) en positiv innstilling – både til prosessen, til norsk kultur og til sin egen verdi på arbeidsmarkedet.
Studien viser viktigheten av å kunne skape og utnytte karrieremuligheter, samt betydningen av mestringstro i karriereutvikling. Den framhever også at utenlandske veisøkere ofte henter støtte fra ulike hold – både minoritetsmiljøer, profesjonelle kontakter og det offentlige hjelpeapparatet – som de i enkelte tilfeller må forhandle med for å få tilgang til relevant bistand.
Det konkluderes med at elementer fra karrierelæringsteorier, som Happenstance Learning Theory, også kan være nyttig i veiledning av personer som har formulert et karrieremål, som for eksempel å få brukt kompetansen sin i et nytt land. Videre vektlegges det at veiledning av utenlandske veisøkere bør kombinere utvikling av karrierekompetanse med praktisk informasjon om det hvordan de kan navigere i det norske arbeidsmarkedet og signalisere kompetansen sin overfor arbeidsgivere.This study explores the experiences of highly educated Polish immigrants in obtaining relevant employment in Norway, and how these experiences can inform the development of career guidance for foreign jobseekers with higher education.
The study is based on four semi-structured interviews in which participants were asked about their experiences, job search strategies, and reflections on the process of finding employment where they could apply their pre-existing qualifications. The data was analysed using the Stepwise Deductive Induction (SDI) method.
The analysis identifies four recurring elements in the participants’ career stories: (1) strong personal effort, including language acquisition and a focus on gaining work experience; (2) support from others – both through private and professional networks as well as from the public support system; (3) the role of chance and unforeseen opportunities in career development; and (4) a positive attitude – towards the process itself, Norwegian culture, and their own value in the labour market.
The findings highlight the importance of being able to create and take advantage of career opportunities, as well as the significance of self-efficacy in career development. It also emphasises that foreign jobseekers often draw support from various sources – including minority communities, professional contacts, and public agencies – with which they sometimes must negotiate to gain access to appropriate assistance.
Elements from career learning theories, such as Happenstance Learning Theory may also be useful in guidance for individuals who already have a defined career goal, such as applying their competence in a new country. Furthermore, it is argued that career guidance for immigrants should combine the development of career competence with practical information about how to navigate the Norwegian labour market and signal their qualifications to potential employer
An evaluation of potential knowledge gaps within crew training for Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems: Suction Sails and Rotor Sails
No full textThe International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a strategy to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the maritime industry. To achieve these goals, various green technologies and alternative fuels are being adopted on vessels, both retrofit and new builds, to minimize carbon footprints and reduce fuel consumption. One of the technologies in use is Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS), which utilizes wind to create propulsion. To enhance the operational effectiveness of WAPS, several factors must be considered, including ship-related factors such as crew training.
This thesis explores crew training specifically for WAPS technologies, focusing on Rotor Sails and Suction Sails, and investigates if any potential knowledge gaps exist in this area. The “potential knowledge gaps” refer to whether additional knowledge and skills are necessary for crew members or if the technology can be utilized without such prerequisites. The introduction outlines the rationale for installing green technologies on vessels, along with a short overview of the theoretical framework behind WAPS. The literature reviewed in this thesis does not adequately address crew training related to WAPS, as my research indicates that this topic is insufficiently covered in existing studies. However, other relevant research articles and reports that focus on learning theories, training methodologies, and maritime education in shifting environments was used in this study. Furthermore, current regulations, such as The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), do not provide adequate guidelines for crew training for WAPS.
To explore the chosen topic, a qualitative research methodology was selected, and in-depth interviews were conducted with relevant industry representatives to gain valuable insights into crew training for WAPS, Rotor sail, and Suction Sails.
The findings highlighted crew training as an important factor prior to joining a vessel equipped with WAPS, and the importance of on-board training to get hands-on experience on the vessel. Traditional sail training was supported by several respondents as an important part of the training, as crew members would enhance their knowledge and have a better foundation of understanding the theory and aerodynamics behind the different WAPS technologies. General sail theory, WAPS or practical sailing is not provided by all maritime academies. This results in different levels of skills and knowledge among crewmembers to effectively manage and operate wind propulsion systems onboard vessels. However, this issue was addressed by respondents that regulations are not sufficiently covering WAPS and, therefore, not pushing the maritime academies to include this in the curriculum.
Strategies that can be employed to adapt effective training for Rotor Sails and Suction Sails could be theory application, expert application both for crewmembers and students, simulator training, practical training with traditional sailboats and hands-on experiences on vessels equipped with WAPS: rotor sails or suction sails.
Key words:
WAPS, crew training, Rotor Sails, Suction Sails, learning theories, training methodologies, maritime educatio
"Jeg føler ikke jeg jobber utforskende nok"
No full textGjennom denne masteroppgaven skal du få lese om følgende problemstilling:
Hvordan jobber lærere på ungdomstrinnet med å utforske algebra?
Med forskningsspørsmålene:
* Hvordan jobber lærenerne utforskende i algebra?
* Hva er det som påvirker utforskningsarbeidet?
* Hvordan påvirker læreplanen hvordan lærerne jobber?
Ved bruk av læreplanverket for kunnskapsløftet 2006, læreplanverket for kunnskapsløftet 2020 og teori med forskningsprosjektet PRIMAS sin modell (Abril et al., 2013) i spissen. Skal prosjektet svare på problemstillingen med de tilhørende forskningsspørsmålene. Prosjektet bruker de kvalitative forskningsmetodene observasjon og intervju for datainnsamling, der analysen som ble gjennomført var en tematisk analyse.
Diskusjonen i prosjektet handler om å besvare forskningsspørsmålene i førsteomgang, som nevnt tidligere ble modellen for et utforskendeklasserom fra forskningsprosjektet PRIMAS (Abril et al., 2013) sentral. Modellen settes opp mot datamaterialet fra observasjonen, der det ses på likheter. Dette skal fortelle oss hvor utforskende lærerne jobber med algebra. Forskningsspørsmål to og tre tar utgangspunkt i intervjuene, men henter også noe data fra observasjonene. Her drøftes det hva som påvirker utforskningsarbeidet til lærerne og hvordan læreplanen påvirker hvordan lærerne jobber. Ved hjelp av ulike teorier som ble nevnt under intervjuene, gamle og nye læreplaner, annen teori og det innsamlede datamaterialet, diskuteres forskningsspørsmål en, to og tre.
I diskusjonsdelen kommer prosjektet frem til at det er store likheter mellom modellen til PRIMAS(Abril et al., 2013) og undervisningsøktene til lærerne, selv om lærerne ikke er enige. Det kommer frem at lærerne ikke bruker store utforskende undervisningsopplegg, men fokuserer på samarbeid og diskusjon som grunnleggende faktorer i undervisningen. Lærerne poengterte flere faktorer til hva som påvirker det utforskende arbeidet, blant annet at elevene manglet grunnleggende ferdigheter og knapphet på tid. Det kommer også frem at endringene i læreplan ikke har en stor innvirkning på undervisningsopplegget til lærerne
Jernverksbanen? En kartlegging av Tønsberg-Eidsfossbanens driftsøkonomi og forklaringene bak underskuddsbanens lidelseshistorie
No full textDen foreliggende historiske avhandlingen undersøker de årsaker som ligger til grunn for Tønsberg-Eidsfossbanens vedvarende driftsunderskudd i perioden fra banens grunnleggelse i 1901 til dens nedleggelse i 1938. Oppgaven forsøker å gi en oversikt over privatbanens driftsøkonomiske historie, samt mulige forklaringer på dens overraskende lange livsløp.
Tønsberg-Eidsfossbanen ble etablert i kjølvannet av omveltningene i jernbanepolitikken fra 1890, og ble drevet frem av kommunale og lokale behov. I denne sammenheng er forbindelsen til Eidsfoss Verk svært viktig, og denne fremstillingen gir et nærmere blikk på avhengighetsforholdet mellom disse to virksomhetene.
Videre forsøker oppgaven å belyse videreføringen av den norske jernbanepolitikkens særegne finansieringsmodell med fremveksten av privatbanene fra 1890. Ifølge Jens Arup Seip gikk «det norske system» i oppløsning på 1870-tallet. Denne avhandlingen benytter Tønsberg-Eidsfossbanen som eksempel på at dette systemet ble delvis bevart.
Utvalgt litteratur knyttet til periodens konjunktur- og industriutvikling er tatt i bruk for å sette driftsøkonomien inn i sammenheng med samfunnsforandringene i jernbanens samtid. Dette gir de kvalitative dataene et utvidet perspektiv. Årsakene og forklaringene bak privatbanens økonomiske vanskeligheter har også sin forankring i litteraturen
Flere lærere i barnehage og skole: politisk konstruksjon av løsninger på lærermangel, WPR-analyse av et strategidokument for lærerrekruttering, med fokus på veiledning og karrieremestring
No full textSøkertallene til lærerutdanningene har stupt de siste årene, viser statistikken. Rammen til denne masteroppgaven er lærermangel som følge av færre søkere, men også som følge av at lærere forlater yrket. Denne rammen aktualiserer oppgavens problemstilling:
Hvilke problemrepresentasjoner kan identifiseres i dokumentet Flere lærere i barnehage og skole, Strategi for rekruttering av lærere til lærerutdanningene og læreryrke 2024-2030? - og hvordan påvirker disse forståelsen av veiledning og karrieremestring i læreryrket?
Gjennom oppgaven undersøker jeg hvordan lærermangel forstås politisk. Måten politikk forstår lærermangel på, er premissgivende for hvilke løsninger som velges på problemet. Jeg bruker diskursanalyse som metode, Bacchis WPR-analyseverktøy, til å undersøke dette. Gjennom seks forskningsspørsmål, ser jeg bakom det åpenbare problemet- lærermangel, og finner mekanismer, underliggende antakelser og verdier som dominerer som naturlige, har makt. Teoretisk rammeverk jeg bruker, er fra karriereveiledningsfeltet, i tillegg til samfunnsøkonomisk teori om humankapital og nyliberalistisk styring gjennom markedsprinsipper.
Hovedfunn i oppgaven er at strategidokumentet for rekrutteringen viderefører diskurs om økte krav i utdanningen, krav til kompetanse for å kunne konkurrere både om å være attraktive lærerutdanninger og attraktive arbeidsplasser. Individansvar for å lykkes med lærerkarriere er også fremtredende funn. Strukturelle forhold forties. Jeg finner at veiledningen av nyutdannede får sentral plass som løsning på rekruttering, men i realiteten får ikke alle nyutdannede veiledningen, og den gis innenfor en ramme på 6 % nedsatt undervisning det første arbeidsåret. Jeg setter spørsmålstegn ved veiledningens reelle funksjon og innhold, og ser en mulighet til å utvide handlingsrammen i diskursen til å inkludere karrierekompetanser i kollektive læringsprosesser som et tiltak for økt karrieremestring.The number of applicants to teacher education programs has plummeted in recent years, according to the statistics. The frame of this master's thesis is the teacher shortage resulting from fewer applicants, but also from teachers leaving the profession. This frame highlights the relevance of the thesis´ research question:
What problem representations can be identified in the document 'More Teachers in Kindergartens and Schools, Strategy for the Recruiting Teachers to Teacher Education and the Teaching Profession 2024-2030? - and how do these representations influence the understanding of guidance and career menagement in the teaching profession?
Through the assignment, I investigate how the teacher shortage is understood politically. The way politics understands teacher shortages is pivotal for which solutions are chosen regarding the problem. I use discourse analysis as a method, Bacchi's WPR analysis tool, to examine this. Through six research questions, I look behind the obvious problem—teacher shortages—and find mechanisms, underlying assumptions, and values that dominate as natural, is in power. The theoretical framework I use comes from the field of career guidance, in addition to socio-economic theory about human capital and neoliberal governance through market principles.
The main findings of the thesis are that the strategy document for recruitment continues the discourse on increased demands in education, requirements for competence to be able to compete for both attractive teacher education and attractive workplaces. Individual responsibility to succeed in a teaching career is also a prominent finding. Structural conditions are silenced. I find that the guidance of newly graduated teachers is given a central place as a part of solution to recruitment. However, in practise, not all newly graduated teachers receive guidance, and it is provided within a frame of 6% reduced teaching time in the first year of employment. I question the actual function and content of the guidance and see an opportunity to expand the frame in the discourse to include Career Management Skills in collective learning processes as a measure for increased career manegment
Trepartssamtalen i praksis: Veiledningsgrunnlagets betydning for samtalen
Get PDFDette prosjektet om veiledningsgrunnlaget knyttet til trepartssamtalen i praksis ble gjennomført lokalt i barnehagelærerutdanningen ved campus Vestfold, Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge. Prosjektet involverte to profesjonsveiledere, hvor den ene var prosjektleder, to klasser med 2. klassestudenter og en prosjektgruppe bestående av to studenter, to praksislærere og de to profesjonsveiledernepublishedVersio
EcoStrategic index: Economic value creation through product portfolio diversity for waste-to-x technologies
Get PDFSustainable decision-making for waste-to-X technologies presents a challenge, encompassing numerous alternatives across the entire supply chain, from biomass selection to diverse product portfolios. Each decision affects sustainability assessments, which span environmental, economic, social, technological, and circularity aspects. Addressing a gap in aligning product portfolio management with circular economy principles, this study introduces the EcoStrategic Index, a composite metric to quantify economic values within potential product portfolios. As part of a broader framework, the EcoStrategic Index integrates seamlessly with other dimensions to support strategic decision-making. Employing the value pyramid of bio-products concept, this study establishes a benchmark classification of chemicals with expert-informed values. Empirical validation was performed through a comparative case study of gasification and pyrolysis technologies, with catalogued product portfolios of approximately 300 and 1000 entries, respectively. Results show that over 50 % of both portfolios consist of functionalized hydrocarbons, with pyrolysis yielding a greater share of fine chemicals (28 %) compared to gasification (1 %), while gasification produces a larger share of inorganic salts and fertilizers (7 %). EcoStrategic Indices indicate that pyrolysis scores equal to or higher than gasification across all five sub-indices in multiple scenarios. To demonstrate its integrability, the TechnoStraegic Index was introduced, adding technology readiness level concept to form a cross-dimensional index reflecting economic value creation and technological maturity. The results show that while pyrolysis exhibits stronger potential for economic value, gasification often outperforms in cross-dimensional evaluations due to considerable higher technological maturity. This framework offers a cost-effective tool for guiding technology selection and strategic planning toward sustainable goals.publishedVersio
Task Shifting in the Emergency Department: Pain management, competence building and holistic care
No full textBackground: By 2050, there will be 10 billion people on earth, compared to 8 billion today—and many of them will be living longer. Consequently, having fewer human resources available for healthcare services will be fatal. Therefore, it is more important than ever to ensure that the people working in healthcare perform the right tasks, at the right time, in the right place. Task shifting is one solution that has been identified to make more efficient use of the available human resources for health. Task shifting is defined as moving tasks 1) from human to machines; 2) horizontally, such as from a hospital physician to a general practitioner; or 3) vertically, from highly qualified personnel to those with less training and fewer qualifications such as from physicians to registered nurses. Despite the existence of studies investigating task shifting from physicians to non-physicians, acute care contexts such as emergency departments in high income countries have not been extensively explored. There is an urgent need for workplace-based evaluated training programmes, randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of letting nurses take over certain tasks and more knowledge regarding the experiences of physicians and leaders in terms of task shifting in emergency departments.
Aim: The primary aim of this research was to explore new ways of working in the emergency department through task shifting by 1) developing and evaluating a registered nurse–led ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block training programme, 2) investigating registered nurse–led ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blocks compared to the standard of care in a hip fracture care pathway in hospital, and 3) exploring the perspectives of emergency department physicians and leaders on task shifting from physicians to registered nurses.
Methods: To fulfil these three aims, three substudies were conducted in this multimethod project, each presented in its own paper. The data were collected between September 2019 and October 2022. Registered nurses, anaesthesiologists, hip fracture patients, physicians and leaders were included as participants. Study 1 consisted of a feasibility study with a mixed methods approach using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. In Study 2, a randomized controlled trial was performed to collect quantitative data. In Study 3, a qualitative study was conducted with semistructured interviews with physicians and leaders about their experiences with task shifting from physicians to nurses in emergency departments. An inductive manifest and latent content analysis were chosen.
Results: In Study 1 quantitative data indicated that both registered nurses and anaesthesiologists concurred that the training procedures provided beneficial pain relief for patients. Pain intensity, initially measured at a mean baseline score of 6.0 (95% CI 4.9–7.1), decreased to 2.5 (95% CI 1.4–3.6) within 30 minutes after needle extraction. Qualitative data further revealed that all patients experienced pain relief and felt secure and well cared for; however, they felt that there were too many people involved in the care pathway. In Study 2, a total of 263 patients underwent screening between February 2020 and June 2021, with 42 providing consent and being randomly assigned to a registered nurse (21) or to an anaesthesiologist (21).The primary outcome in the randomized controlled study trial was not different between groups (p = 0.24) and displayed no substantial superiority of specially trained registered nurses over anaesthesiologists. No complications or adverse effects were observed in either group. The use of systemic analgesics and the development of delirium was similar between the two groups. In the registered nurse group, patients received their ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block earlier. In Study 3, from the interviews with emergency department physicians and leaders we identified three categories: 1) the rationale for task shifting, 2) team approaches to task shifting, and 3) implementation of task shifting. From these manifest categories an overall latent theme emerged: It’s not the tasks it’s the sifting – moving towards a person-centred culture.
Conclusion: Study 1 showed that it is feasible to carry out a training programme for registered nurses to learn ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blockade consisting of a one-day course in a simulation centre and subsequent supervision in the clinical context in the emergency department. Furthermore, the randomized controlled superiority study shows that the registered nurses who had received training in ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blocks did not show any better effect than the anaesthesiologist group, measured on cumulative pain relief in the first 120 minutes after the procedure had been carried out. From the perspective of physicians and leaders in three different emergency departments in Norway, it emerged that task shifting from physicians to registered nurses in the emergency department involves more than moving certain tasks. It entails a process with clear boundaries, responsibility and care. Findings from the qualitative study indicate that future task shifting processes should focus on identifying healthcare professionals who are motivated to take on a new task and capable of taking responsibility it and on promoting teamwork and person-centred care.publishedVersio
Data Sensemaking Framework by Applying Conceptual Modeling and Data Analysis: A Case Study From the Norwegian Public Transportation Domain
No full textThe industry aims to adopt data-driven methods to improve system availability and reliability. A critical challenge in this process is achieving data sensemaking for practitioners, including maintenance personnel and decision-makers, product developers, and consultants. This article replicates a data framework that combines conceptual modeling and data analysis to achieve data sensemaking. The main author previously developed and exemplified the framework through a case study of an Automated Parking System in a small-and-medium-sized enterprise. This study implemented the framework in a more complex context: the Norwegian maintenance Metro public transportation department within a large enterprise, using the Oslo Metro. Applying the framework assisted the maintenance department in closing the internal maintenance feedback loop. In this context, we collected and analyzed exploratively internal failure data and external weather data spanning six years. In parallel, we developed several conceptual models co-created with various stakeholders. These models facilitated a shared understanding of the maintenance processes and guided exploratory data analysis, with data analysis, in turn, supporting conceptual modeling. This study implemented and evaluated the framework using on-site and participant observations, interviews, subject matter experts’ feedback, and co-creation sessions. Findings from the observations emphasize the complementary nature of conceptual modeling and data analysis in achieving data sensemaking, leading to a deeper understanding of Oslo Metro behavior. This understanding aids in improving maintenance processes and their effectiveness, enhancing Oslo Metro availability and reliability. Despite the framework implementation is context-dependent, findings indicate its effectiveness, motivating practitioners to implement it in other contexts.acceptedVersio