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Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Adaptation of the Situational Feature Recognition Test-2 in Schizophrenia Patients
No full textObjective: Social cognition deficits are well known in schizophrenia patients. This study aims to conduct the validity and reliability study of the Turkish adaptation of the Situational Feature Recognition Test-2 (SFRT-2), which was developed to assess social knowledge, an area of social cognition, in schizophrenia patients. Method: In the study, 100 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls were administered the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Hinting Task, the Facial Emotion Identification Test, the Facial Emotion Discrimination Test and the SFRT-2. The reliability of the test was analyzed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots by performing a retest two days later in 16 patients. Divergent validity was examined between the composite scores of the test and other social cognition test scores using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Known-groups validity was evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, while discriminant validity was examined using ROC analysis. Results: In the test-retest reliability analyses, the correlations between the pre-test and post-test scores were found to be good and significant for all sub-scores and composite scores (ICC=lowest 0.833-highest 0.941), except for SFRT5 (ICC=0.634). In the divergent validity analyses, positive correlations were found between SFRT-2 hits scores and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (r(s )= 0.338, p<0.001), the Hinting Task (r(s )= 0.225, p=0.001), and the Facial Emotion Identification Test scores (r(s )= 0.270, p<0.001). In contrast, negative correlations were found between SFRT-2 false positive scores and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (r(s )= -0.157, p=0.026) and the Hinting Task scores (r(s )= -0.194, p=0.006). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.744 (95% CI 0.665-0.823, p<0.001) with 81.0% sensitivity and 61.67% specificity. Conclusion: The Turkish adaptation of the SFRT-2 has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing social knowledge deficits in schizophrenia patients
Is Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio Associated with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Obesity?
No full textBackground Childhood obesity is a global health problem with increasing prevalence, leading to long-term cardiovascular complications. Research conducted on adults has established a correlation between serum uric acid to creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. The study investigates the relationship between SUA/Cr and hypertension (HT) and MetS components in children with obesity. Methods A total of 103 children with obesity who underwent ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) were included the study and patients were divided into two groups "HT" (n=60) and "Normal" (n=43). Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Results The study included 103 children (42 female, 61 male) with a mean age of 13.7 +/- 2.9 years. HT prevalence was significantly higher in patients with severe obesity and dyslipidemia (p=0.045, p=0.01). Males exhibited significantly higher SUA/Cr than females (p0.05). Conclusion In our cohort, no significant association was found between SUA/Cr and HT, as well as MetS components in children with obesity. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the complex mechanisms regulating uric acid metabolism, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in children
Halk Kütüphanelerinin Ekonomik Yararı: İstanbul Orhan Kemal İl Halk Kütüphanesi için Maliyet-Yarar Analizi
No full textYapısal unsur ve hizmetleriyle halk kütüphaneleri toplumun bilgi gereksinimini karşılamakta, eğitime destek olmakta, kültürel gelişime katkı sağlamakta ve bu unsurlar aracılığıyla hem hanelerin hem de kamu kesiminin ekonomik altyapısını güçlendirmektedir. Kütüphane unsur ve hizmetlerinin kapsamı ne kadar geniş olursa, ekonomik altyapıya olan katkısının da bir o kadar fazla olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kütüphane hizmetlerinden doğan ve yukarıda ifade edilen bilgi, kültür ve ekonomik altyapı arasında soyut olarak görünen ilişkiyi daha somut bir şekilde ifade etmek; bir başka deyişle kütüphanelerin topluma sunmuş olduğu hizmetlerin maliyet ve yararlarını maliyet-yarar analizi yöntemiyle ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda İstanbul Orhan Kemal İl Halk Kütüphanesi çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ilgili kütüphanenin 2022 yılına ilişkin cari harcama ve kullanım verileri kütüphaneden talep edilmiştir. Cari harcama verilerinin toplulaştırılması ile kütüphanenin ilgili yıla ilişkin toplam maliyeti tespit edilmiştir. Ardından kütüphanenin hizmetleri aracılığıyla kullanıcı ile temas ettiği alanlar belirlenmiş ve bu alanlara ilişkin kullanım verileri yılın tüm ayları için ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Saptanan hizmetlerin piyasa değerleri (varsa) doğrudan tespit edilmiş, (yoksa) ikame hizmetlerin fiyatları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen fiyatlar, tüketimin/kullanımın gerçekleştiği her bir ay özelinde TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) verileri dikkate alınarak enflasyondan arındırılmıştır. Enflasyondan arındırılan değerler kütüphanenin kullanım istatistikleri ile toplulaştırılmış ve kütüphane hizmetlerinin toplam yararı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, en yüksek ekonomik yararın kütüphane koleksiyonunun kullanımı ile ilgili olduğu, bu yarar düzeyini fiziksel alanın kullanımı, düzenlenen kültürel etkinlikler, yanıtlanan referans soruları ve internet-bilgisayar hizmetlerinin izlediği ortaya konulmuştur. Kütüphane sunmuş olduğu bu hizmetler ile kendisine yatırılan her 1 Türk Lirası (TL) karşılığında 2.08 Türk Lirası değerinde (iki kattan fazla) ekonomik yarar sağlamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları arasında, kütüphanenin yeterli personelinin olmadığı ve bunun sonucu olarak veri kayıplarının gerçekleştiği, dolayısıyla sayısal olarak ifade edilen ekonomik yararın (%208) ilgili yıl için daha fazla olabileceği öngörüsünde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuş ve tüm kütüphaneler için pratik bir maliyet-yarar analizi formülü sunulmuştur. Türkiye’de kütüphanelerin ekonomik yararını verilerle somut biçimde ortaya koyan ilk araştırma olması çalışmanın özgünlüğünü oluşturmaktadır.Public libraries, through their structural components and services, play a crucial role in addressing societal information needs, supporting education, contributing to cultural development, and strengthening the economic infrastructure of both households and the public sector. The broader the scope of library services, the greater their anticipated contribution to the economic framework. The primary aim of this study is to provide a more concrete understanding of the abstract relationship between information, culture, and economic infrastructure by utilizing a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with library services. Specifically, this research focuses on the Istanbul Orhan Kemal Provincial Public Library. Data regarding the library's operating expenses and usage for the year 2022 were obtained directly from the library. By aggregating the expenditure data, the total cost of the library for that year was calculated. The study further identified the various areas in which the library engages with its users, and analyzed the usage data for each month of the year. The market values of these services were either directly determined or estimated through the prices of substitute services. These values were then adjusted for inflation using data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). After inflation adjustment, the total benefits derived from library services were computed by consolidating the usage statistics with the inflation-adjusted values. The findings reveal that the highest economic benefit is derived from the use of the library's collection, followed by the use of physical space, cultural events, reference services, and internet-computer access. For every 1 Turkish Lira invested in the library, a return of 2.08 Turkish Liras was generated, more than double the initial investment. The study also highlights that the library's insufficient staffing led to data losses, suggesting that the reported benefit (208%) could have been even higher with adequate staffing. The study concludes with a set of recommendations and proposes a practical cost-benefit analysis formula that can be applied to libraries in general. The originality of this study lies in its distinction as the first research in Turkey to substantiate the economic benefits of libraries
A New Perspective for Financial Option Pricing with New Dynamic Solutions of the Black-Scholes Equation
No full textAs a solution to the traditional limitations of financial option pricing models, this paper presents a new model that aims to more accurately reflect the evolving dynamics of financial markets. In this context, this study addresses the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model places a particular emphasis on time-varying variables, deviating from the assumption of constant volatility and risk-free interest rate inherent in the traditional Black-Scholes model. Our objective is to visually present the outcomes derived from the analytical solution of the dynamic Black-Scholes equation, achieved through the utilization of the generalized exponential rational function method. The fact that this method is used for the first time to generate analytical solutions of the Black-Scholes equation with variable coefficients stands out as a remarkable innovation in the academic literature. For the analytical solution with financial implications, both mathematical and financial analyses were performed and compared with solutions in the literature. Different values of a physical parameter affecting the changes in the stock price per unit time under the initial condition reflecting the characteristics of the current state of the market, its relationship with the price of the underlying asset and the characteristics of the option are simulated. The study aims to enrich the literature by offering a nuanced perspective on financial market dynamics, one that intricately recognizes the changing nature of fundamental parameters over time. The findings not only deepen our theoretical understanding but also hold potential practical implications, contributing to the development of more accurate and responsive financial models for investors, risk managers, and policymakers
ROTATOR KILIF İLE İLİŞKİLİ OMUZ AĞRISINDA SKAPULAR DİSKİNEZİ VARLIĞI REHABİLİTASYONA YANITI ETKİLER Mİ? BİR YILLIK TAKİPLİ PROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ARAŞTIRMA
No full textExploring the relationships between cardiac conditions and myocardial bridging in sudden cardiac death: A case control autopsy study
No full textEvaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in the Turkish Pharmaceutical Industry
No full textObjectives: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as companies voluntarily taking action with their resources to help solve some of the social, economic, and environmental problems of the society in which they operate. This study aimed to reveal the current status of CSR projects in the pharmaceutical industry, which are strategically important on a global scale. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between June and December 2019 using a structured online survey. The form included both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. This survey yielded both qualitative and quantitative data about the structure, size, and products of the companies, as well as details of CSR projects. Results: A total of 60 companies participated in the study. Our survey results indicated that 83.33% of the pharmaceutical companies undertook CSR projects, and there was no statistically significant difference in the number of projects undertaken according to either the type of products the companies marketed or the companies' country of origin (p>0.05). It was found there were statistically significant differences with other factors such as project fields, the number of projects over the years, and the responsible department (p<0.05). When we examined the details of specific CSR projects, we observed that some companies, regardless of their national or multinational position, undertook sustainable projects that involved a broader array of stakeholders and appealed to various shareholder groups. Some companies undertook studies for patients, patient relatives, or society based on philanthropic activities or short-term social projects on local issues, instead of long-term projects within the scope of CSR initiatives. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical companies carry out CSR projects as an important public relations activity in terms of reaching their stakeholders
Kolluğun Ön Alanda Elde Ettiği Veri ve Bilgilerin Delil Değeri
No full textSuçlulukla mücadelede suç meydana gelmeden suç oluşumunu önleyici ve caydırıcı tedbirlerin alınması önem taşımaktadır. Ön alan, suç öncesi araştırma safhası olup, soruşturma öncesi bir aşamada yürütülen, başlangıç şüphesinden önceki alanı kapsayan önleyici faaliyetlerdir. Kolluğun suç oluşturan fiil henüz doğmadan önce suçu/tehlikeyi önlemek için ön alanda yaptığı önleyici faaliyetler“ön alan araştırmaları” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Kolluk ön alanda, ileride gerçekleşmesi umulan olaylara ilişkin potansiyel tehlikeler üzerine yaptığı araştırmalarda birtakım veri ve bilgilere ulaşabilmektedir. Delil bir bakıma ön alan araştırmalarında ulaşılan veri ve bilgilerin ispatlanmış şeklidir. Bu çalışma kolluğun soruşturma öncesi ön alan araştırması safhasında elde ettiği veri ve bilgilerin delil değerini incelemek üzerine olup; bu kapsamda ön alan kavramı, ön alan araştırmaları safhası, veri-bilgi-delil kavramları, hukuka aykırı delillerin değerlendirilmesine ilişkin yaklaşımlar, önleyici faaliyete yüklenen anlam, önleyici faaliyet kapsamında elde edilen veri ve bilgilerin ceza muhakemesinde kullanılması sorunu, Yargıtay’ın bir önleyici tedbir olarak özellikle önleme aramasıyla elde edilen delillerin hukuka uygun olup olmadığına dair kararlarında kullandığı ölçütlere göre geliştirdiği farklı yönde içtihatlar, soruşturma evresinin hangi anda başlamış sayılacağının tespiti hususunda Yargıtay’ın verdiği kararlarda ve doktrinde ortaya koyulan farklı görüşler, kişisel verilerin önleyici, koruyucu ve istihbari faaliyetler amacıyla işlenmesi ve 7545 sayılı Siber Güvenlik Kanunu’nun tartışmalı hükümleri ele alınmıştır.In the fight against crime, it is important to take preventive and deterrent measures before the crime occurs. The preliminary area is the pre-crime investigation phase, and is the preventive activities carried out at a stage before the investigation, covering the area before the initial suspicion. The preventive activities carried out by the police in the preliminary area to prevent the crime/danger before the criminal act occurs are called “pre-field investigations”. In the preliminary area, the police can access some data and information in their investigations on potential dangers related to the events expected to occur in the future. Evidence is, in a sense, the proven form of the data and information obtained in the preliminary area investigations. This study is about examining the evidentiary value of the data and information obtained by the law enforcement during the preliminary field investigation phase before the investigation; within this scope, the concept of the preliminary field, the preliminary field investigation phase, the concepts of data-information-evidence, approaches to the evaluation of unlawful evidence, the meaning attributed to preventive activity, the problem of using data and information obtained within the scope of preventive activity in criminal proceedings, the different precedents developed by the Supreme Court of Appeals according to the criteria used in its decisions regarding whether the evidence obtained especially through preventive searches as a preventive measure is lawful, the different views put forward in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Appeals and the doctrine regarding the determination of the moment at which the investigation phase will be deemed to have started, the processing of personal data for the purpose of preventive, protective and intelligence activities, and the controversial provisions of the Cyber Security Law No. 7545 are discussed
