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Thermochemical processing of organic wastes for sustainable valorisation and energy recovery: A review of recent contributions to the field
No full textDevelopment of Tc-99m radiolabeling PLGA parameters nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and evaluation of radiolabeling parameters
No full textThermophysical and viscoelastic properties of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-containing, polymer-layered, clay-reinforced nanoarchitectures
No full textThis study focuses on the synthesis of poly(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-alt-maleic anhydride) and poly(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-co-maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) and their nanocomposites modified with organoammonium salts. The goal was to investigate the structural, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the polymers and nanocomposites, with a particular focus on the role of organoclay modification. In this study, bentonite was modified using alkyl ammonium salts with varying chain lengths (C14, C16 and C18). Ion-exchange processes led to the transformation of the character of bentonite from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, facilitating the formation of hybrid structures. Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the viscoelastic and thermal properties of the polymers and their nanocomposites. The results showed that the incorporation of organoclay structures, particularly those modified with C18 alkyl groups, significantly improved the viscoelastic properties, with the greatest storage modulus being observed in the nanocomposites. The thermal analysis revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited a distinct three-step degradation process, unlike the copolymer, which underwent two-step degradation. Despite this difference, no significant improvement in thermal stability was observed in the nanocomposites compared to the copolymers. The study concludes that the incorporation of long-chain alkyl ammonium salts into bentonite and their use in copolymerization significantly impact the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The modification of bentonite with C18 alkyl groups led to the most stable and dynamic mechanically robust nanocomposites, providing valuable insights into the role of organoclay modification in improving the performance of polymer-based nanocomposites
Implementing High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Ghana: A Study (CarciSCAN) Protocol
No full textBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030 through a global strategy, centred on high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening and treatment. Implementing these strategies in low-resource settings remains challenging, due to barriers associated with limited healthcare infrastructure and patient awareness. Self-sampling for hrHPV has shown higher acceptability and similar diagnostic accuracy compared to clinician-taken samples. This study proposes a protocol to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a cervical cancer screening program utilising hrHPV self-sampling in Ghana.Methods and Analysis: 1000 non-pregnant women aged 30-65 years will be invited to self-collect hrHPV samples. Those testing hrHPV positive will undergo visual inspection with acetic acid. Those diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions will be offered ablation. In any case where there is a suspicion of invasion, or equivocal diagnosis, biopsies will be taken. Follow-up for women who are test positive for hrHPV and/or undergo treatment, will involve hrHPV self-sampling after 6 months. HrHPV-negative women will rescreen after 3 years. Biopsies will be taken where immediate treatment is not suitable, and women with confirmed or suspected invasive cervical carcinoma will be referred for surgical and/or oncological care. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women successfully screened, defined as the proportion of women with a valid HPV test result out of those invited to attend cervical screening. Secondary outcomes include screening uptake, disease detection rate, hrHPV genotype prevalence, treatment acceptance rate, successful treatment response, missed disease during treatment, number lost to follow-up, and disease recurrence.Discussion: In low-resource settings, hrHPV self-sampling offers an accessible method to increase screening uptake. This study will inform strategies for broader implementation of cervical cancer screening and contribute to achieving the WHO's goal of elimination by 2030.Trial Registration: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Kintampo Health Research Centre Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), Bono East, Ghana, West Africa, on 24 May 2024 (IEC IRB Registration No. 0004854; Study ID: KHRCIEC/2024-03)
Prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized patients: a large nationwide study
No full textBackground Malnutrition affects up to 50% of hospitalized patients at admission and is linked to significant adverse outcomes, impacting both patient health and healthcare resources. The aim of this nationwide study was to report the prevalence of malnutrition risk among hospitalized adult patients by Turkish Society of Clinical Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (KEPAN). Methods Thirty-three hospitals with nutrition support teams in 29 referral hospitals in 21 different cities were included. The data was collected by web-based NRS-2002 integrated to hospital information system of all participating centers. ResultsA total of 191,028 patients (54.6% men) were included. The prevalence of malnutrition risk was found to be 11.6% among all patients and 20.4% in patients older than 65 years (22.8% in 71-80 years and 30.2% in > 80 years). Among clinics, this prevalence was highest in the intensive care units (31.9%), followed by hematology and oncology clinics (25.5%), and neurology clinics (18.7%). Conclusion There is a considerable risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients and this risk is more prominent in older patients and in intensive care and oncology clinics
Powerful Questioning Competencies of Educational Coaches And Approaches To Improving Student Awareness
No full textGastroGPT: Development and controlled testing of a proof-of-concept customized clinical language model
No full textBackground and aims: Current general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) demonstrate limited efficacy in clinical medicine, often constrained to question-answering, documentation, and literature summarisation roles. We developed GastroGPT, a proof-of-concept specialty-specific, multi-task clinical LLM, and evaluated its performance against leading general-purpose LLMs across key gastroenterology tasks and diverse case scenarios.Methods: In this structured analysis, GastroGPT was compared to three state-of-the-art general-purpose LLMs (LLM-A: GPT-4, LLM-B: Bard, LLM-C: Claude). Models were assessed on seven clinical tasks and overall performance across ten simulated gastroenterology cases varying in complexity, frequency, and patient demographics. Standardised prompts facilitated structured comparisons. A blinded expert panel rated model outputs per task on a 10-point Likert scale, judging clinical utility. Comprehensive statistical analyses were conducted.Results: A total of 2,240 expert ratings were obtained. GastroGPT achieved significantly higher mean overall scores (8.1±1.8) compared to GPT-4 (5.2±3.0), Bard (5.7±3.3), and Claude (7.0±2.7) (all p<0.001). It outperformed comparators in 6 of 7 tasks (p<0.05), except follow-up planning. GastroGPT demonstrated superior score consistency (variance 34.95) versus general models (97.4-260.35) (p<0.001). Its performance remained consistent across case complexities and frequencies, unlike the comparators (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that model type significantly predicted performance (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study pioneers the development and comparison of a specialty-specific, clinically-oriented AI model to general-purpose LLMs. GastroGPT demonstrated superior utility overall and on key gastroenterology tasks, highlighting the potential for tailored, task-focused AI models in medicine.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Models, GastroGPT, Clinical Decision Support, Gastroenterology</jats:p
Old flavors in a new home: Migrant women's memories of food in Türkiye
No full textThis qualitative study aims to understand the memories of migrant women about their past through food and the meanings these food memories have in these women's migrant lives. The study of the food narratives of Syrian and Iraqi migrant women living in T & uuml;rkiye analyzes the five digital stories produced in two digital storytelling workshops facilitated with Syrian and Iraqi migrant women living in Ankara, with narrative analysis. Pointing to the centrality of food in migrants' homemaking in the new destination, this study concludes that women's food memory is associated with cultural identity, collective memory, cultural transmission, connecting their past, present, and future
Türkçede Ünlülerarası /h/ Üzerine Çevresel Ünlülerin Akustik Etkilerinin Çözümlemesi
No full textTürkçede gırtlaksıl /h/ ünsüzü üzerine yapılan önceki çalışmalar bu ünsüzün akustik sesbilgisel özelliklerini incelemektedir. Ancak, güncel çalışmalarda sürtünücülerin çıkış yerini belirlemek için genellikle sürtünücünün öncülünde ve ardılında konumlanan ünlülerin formant sıklık değişimleri araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ünlülerarası konumdaki /h/ ünsüzünün öncülündeki ve ardılındaki ünlülerin formant değerlerindeki değişimleri kıyaslayarak, ünlülerin yükseklik ve yuvarlaklaşma özellikleri bağlamında /h/ ünsüzünün çıkış yeri özelliğini incelemektedir. Sesletim deneyi, 21 konuşur ile ses yalıtımlı kabinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uyaranlar, Türkçe ses dizgesindeki sekiz ünlü /h/ ünsüzünün öncülünde ve ardılında konumlanacak biçimde taşıyıcı tümce içerisine yerleştirilmiştir ([Adam tohum yazdı]). Hamveri analizleri /h/ ünsüzünün ses çevresinde bulunan her bir ünlünün normalize edilmiş ortalama F1, F2, F3 ve F2_3 değerleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncül ünlülerin bulguları, ortalama F1, F2, F3 ve F2_3 değerlerinin yuvarlaklaşmayla düşüş olduğunu göstermiştir. Öncül ünlülerin aksine, ardıl ünlülerin bulguları hem yükseklik hem yuvarlaklaşmayla ortalama F1 ve F2 değerlerinde yükselme olduğunu belirtmiştir. Genel olarak, sonuçlar ardıl ünlülerin akustik sesbilgisel özelliklerinin değişiminin öncül ünlülere kıyasla daha anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.Previous studies on Turkish glottal consonant /h/ typically investigated the acoustic characteristics of this consonant; however, recent studies generally examine the formant frequency changes between preceding and following vowels as to determine the place of articulation of fricatives. This study investigates the place of articulation of Turkish /h/ in intervocalic position by comparing formant frequency changes of preceding and following vowels through their height and rounding characteristics of vowels. A production experiment is conducted with 21 speakers in a sound-proof booth. Stimuli consisted of eight Turkish vowels in preceding and following positions of intervocalic /h/ embedded into a carrier sentence (e.g., [Adam tohum yazdı] ‘The man seed write -past’). Rawdata analysis was performed on normalized mean F1, F2, F3, F2_3 values of each vowel adjacent to /h/. Findings for preceding vowels showed a decrease in rounding features of mean F1, F2, F3 and F2_3 values. On contrary to preceding vowels, findings for the following vowels indicated an increase in both height and rounding features for the mean F1 and F2 values. Overall results suggested that formant changes on the following vowels elicited more significance for the acoustic changes in following vowels compared to preceding vowels
“DÖNDERMEK/DÖNDÜRMEK” ÜZERİNE
No full textTürkçenin söz varlığında birbiri yerine kullanılan iki fiil, döndermek ve döndürmek fiilleri aynı kökten mi türemiştir, aralarında fark var mıdır? Döndürmek fiili ile aynı anlamda ve çoğunlukla halk arasında kullanılan döndermek fiilinin yanlış kullanım olduğu görüşü yaygındır. Döndermek fiili, Standart Türkçede kullanılmadığı ve belki de yanlış kullanım olarak değerlendirildiği için standart Türkçenin standart sözlüğü Güncel Türkçe Sözlük’te yer almamaktadır. Türkçenin tarihî dönemlerine ait metinler incelendiğinde ise dönder- fiilinin tarihî metinlerde de kullanıldığı ve döndür- fiilinden farklı bir fiil olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer yandan, Anadolu ağızlarından tespit ettiğimiz örnekler de tarihî metinlerdeki verileri desteklemektedir. Bu yazıda, elde edilen veriler ışığında dönder- fiilinin tarihî metinlerdeki kullanımları ve etimolojik sözlüklerdeki açıklamaları ele alınarak bu iki sözcük arasındaki farklılık ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.Two important questions with regard to the interchangeable use of the two verbs döndermek and döndürmek in the Turkish vocabulary refer to whether they share the same root and whether they carry different semantics. It is widely believed that the common use of the verb döndermek as a synonym of the verb döndürmek is a misuse. Thus, the verb döndermek is not used in Standard Turkish and it is not included in the Current Turkish Dictionary. However, a survey on texts from different historical periods of Turkish has shown that the verb dönder- is used and bears a slightly different meaning from the verb döndür-. Moreover, examples we identified from Anatolian dialects also support the use in historical texts. This article, based on these empirical examples discusses the uses of the verb dönder- in historical texts and its explanations in etymological dictionaries and endeavors consider the semantic difference between the two verbs