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Determining Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Educational Needs Regarding Childhood Vaccines: A Case Study of Healthcare Workers
No full textObjective: Immunization is the most effective public health service after providing clean water for community health. However, vaccine hesitancy causes delays in vaccine acceptance, and this has been identified as a global health threat by the World Health Organization. Misinformation and misleading content increase vaccine skepticism. Healthcare workers need to guide families with complete and accurate vaccine information. Evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers about vaccines is crucial for developing strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. Material and Methods: A survey was prepared to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding childhood vaccines. The study sample consisted of 1.314 healthcare workers from seven provinces. Results: The majority of healthcare workers are knowledgeable about the necessity and side effects of childhood vaccines. Female healthcare workers have significantly higher vaccine knowledge scores compared to males. Conclusion: Healthcare workers' knowledge of childhood vaccines is generally good, and it should be supported through immunization and training activities, especially in primary healthcare services
Greenness assessment of 174 CEN, ISO, and pharmacopoeia standard methods and their sub-methods used for environmental, food, trace element and pharmaceutical analyses
No full textThis work evaluates the greenness of 174 standard methods with a sample preparation step and their 332 sub-method variations from CEN, ISO, and Pharmacopoeias, used in laboratories for environmental/organic, food, trace element, or pharmaceutical analyses. The widely adopted AGREEprep metric was applied to assess the greenness of the standard methods. The discussion begins with the overall scores of each method, followed by a detailed analysis of individual criteria, that highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluated sample preparation methods in terms of greenness. The results revealed a generally poor greenness performance, as 67 % of the methods scored below 0.2 on the AGREEprep scale, where 1 represents the highest possible score. Specifically, the percentage of methods scoring below 0.2 was 86 % for methods related to the environmental analysis of organic compounds, 62 % for methods used in food analysis, 62 % for those applied to inorganic and trace metals analysis, and 45 % for methods used in pharmaceutical analysis. The findings obtained in this work reveal that many official methods still rely on resource-intensive, outdated techniques, scoring poorly on key greenness criteria. This discrepancy highlights the urgent need to update standard methods by including contemporary and mature sample preparation methods, as the traditional methodologies currently used often conflict with global sustainability efforts and increase regulatory and societal pressures. As such, this contribution serves not only as a critique of the current state of official standard methods but also as a call to action for their reform. This work was conducted within the framework of the IUPAC project "Greenness of official standard sample preparation methods" (2021-015-2-500)
The cinema workshop in the teaching of French as a foreign language: A qualitative case study
No full textManagement of Infections Caused by<i> Stenotrophomonas</i><i> maltophilia:</i> A Traditional Review
No full textStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli that causes various infectious diseases, usually respiratory tract and bloodstream infections. As an important opportunistic pathogen in risky patient groups, the incidence of infections caused by S. maltophilia is gradually increasing. Since S. maltophilia is resistant to most antibiotics, including beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems, antimicrobial treatment options for infections caused by S. maltophilia are very limited. In this review, the infectious diseases caused by S. maltophilia, the epidemiology and prevalence of these infections, treatment options, and new treatment strategies are mentioned
Unexpected Malignancy in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient: Incidental Squamous Cell Carcinoma Within a Bullae
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Intermediate-risk factors affecting oncological outcome in patients with FIGO 2018 stage IB2 cervical cancer who do not receive adjuvant therapy
No full textThe objective of the present study was to examine how intermediate-risk factors affect the oncological outcomes of patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 stage IB2 cervical cancer who do not undergo any adjuvant treatment. A multicentric retrospective study that involved 612 patients who were diagnosed with stage IA-IB2 cervical cancer at seven tertiary gynaecological oncology centres between 1993 and 2023 was conducted. A total of 232 patients were classified as FIGO 2018 stage IB2. Patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, parametrial or surgical border involvement, received adjuvant therapy and synchronous tumours were excluded from the present cohort. Therefore, the present study cohort consisted of 120 patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Among the 120 patients, 89 (74.2%) had squamous cell cancer, 18 (15%) had adenocarcinoma, 2 (1.7%) had a mixed type tumour consisting of squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma and 11 (9.1%) had other types of tumours (adenosquamous cancer and glassy cell cancer). Deep cervical stromal invasion was found in 68 (56.7%) patients. The duration of patient follow-up varied from 1 to 246 months, with a median of 36 months. Overall, 6 patients (5%) experienced recurrence and 1 patient (0.8%) succumbed to the disease. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 94%, whereas the 3-year overall survival rate was 99%. The presence of deep cervical stromal invasion had a statistically significant impact on DFS (P=0.038). Deep cervical stromal invasion was found to be associated with recurrence in patients with stage IB2 cervical cancer. Hence, the present study demonstrated that the presence of deep cervical stromal invasion may be considered a key parameter in determining whether adjuvant treatment should be applied in patients with stage IB2 cervical cancer
The simulation studies: a generalized class of Hartley-Ross type under non-response conditions
No full textIn the context of sample surveys, it is only sometimes feasible to obtain complete and accurate information. Non-response represents a significant challenge in this context. As this is a common occurrence in the context of estimation, various approaches are employed to eliminate it. This paper proposes a new class of estimators constructed by combining non-response and unbiased estimator approaches. The simulation study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of various estimators by considering a wide range of scenarios, including different sample sizes, correlation coefficients, non-response rates, and z-values. This extensive simulation framework has explored multiple conditions and variations to ensure a thorough assessment of estimator performance under different settings. The findings show that each member of the proposed family of estimators consistently exhibits a higher PRE value than all other estimators under the scenarios tested