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University students' interactions with ChatGPT: An Investigation in terms of CoI, Motivation, and Learning Strategies
No full textThe research aims to investigate the effects of ChatGPT in the context of the Community of Inquiry framework, Motivation, and Students’ learning strategies. In the study, there are two instructional methods. One group was included in open inquiry + lecturing, and the other was included in ChatGPT as a teaching assistant method. Both groups participated in a four-week instruction process consisting of two hours each. According to CoI index measurements, there is a significant difference in favor of males, but there is no differentiation in Motivation and Learning strategies measurements according to gender. There is a difference in favor of ChatGPT as a teaching assistant method regarding teaching presence, cognitive presence, and CoI index total score. There is a difference in favor of the ChatGPT as a teaching assistant method in terms of motivation. However, there is no differentiation in terms of learning strategies used by students.</p
Optimal Binary Hypothesis Testing Based on the Behavioral KullbackLeibler Divergence Criterion
No full textKullback-Leibler (KL) divergence plays a central role in hypothesis testing. It gives a measure of the statistical distance between two probability distributions. In the distributed detection problem, it is used as a design criterion in the absence of the information regarding the fusion center's (FC) decision rule: The local sensor decision rules are designed to maximize the KL divergence between the distributions of quantized messages sent to the FC under alternative and null hypotheses. In decision making tasks involving humans, subjective perception of probability values due to behavioral biases needs to be taken into account. In this letter, the notion of behavioral KL divergence is proposed. The statistical distance between two distributions is computed based on the perceived values of the probabilities, which are obtained from the actual probabilities using the probability weighting function employed in prospect theory. It is proved that the behavioral KL divergence between the distributions of the quantized decision at the output of a detector under both hypotheses is maximized by either the Neyman-Pearson (NP) rule or flipped Neyman-Pearson (FNP) rule for any fixed false alarm probability. Based on this result, it is also established that under a constraint on the average perceived false alarm probability, the average behavioral KL divergence is maximized by time-sharing between at most two single-threshold likelihood-ratio tests, each of which is either an NP or an FNP rule. The theoretical results are supported by numerical examples
Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes (ECHO) in patients admitted to emergency departments: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
No full textPopulation status and recent threats to the northernmost isolated population of the endangered mountain gazelle (<i>Gazella gazella</i>)
No full textThe endangered mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella) has experienced significant habitat loss across its range in the Middle East. We modelled the population growth of the northernmost isolated population in Hatay, T & uuml;rkiye, scientifically rediscovered in 2008, using a logistic growth model, and quantified habitat suitability and its change over three decades with CORINE Land Cover data. Although the population has shown notable growth, the observed S-shaped curve indicates approach to carrying capacity. Key threats to the population include habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, the T & uuml;rkiye-Syria border wall restricting dispersal, and competition with domestic herbivores. Targeted conservation strategies are needed, including habitat restoration, preventing agricultural encroachment, and translocations to ensure further population growth and expansion
Segment Anything Modeli (SAM) ve Planet Scope GörüntüleriKullanılarak Fenolojik Uyumlu Otomatik Tarım Parseli Çıkarımı
No full textSahara Desert sand “Chitligsan”: characterisation and assessment of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity
No full textChitligsan is a Sahara-derived biopolymer nanomaterial enriched with metal oxides. Analytical characterization confirmed its composition, while assays showed low cytotoxicity, scratch closure and antibacterial activity.</jats:p
ARGÜMANTASYONA DAYALI SOSYOBİLİMSEL KONU TEMELLİ FEN ÖĞRETİMİNİN ETKİLİLİĞİNE YÖNELİK KARMA YÖNTEM ARAŞTIRMASI
No full textOrta Çağ El Yazmalarında Bilimsel Tıbbi ve Bitki İllüstrasyonların Kullanımına İlişkin Bir İnceleme
No full textOrta Çağ el yazmaları (medieval manuscripts), 5. ve 15. yüzyıllar arasında üretilmiş, el ile yazılıp resimlenmiş, kültürel ve bilimsel değer taşıyan eserlerdir. Bu makale kapsamında, tıp, botanik ve anatomi gibi bilim alanlarını içeren el yazmaları arasından seçilen örnekler incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın inceleme alanı, metinsel ve görsel ögelerin birlikte kullanıldığı, grafik ürün niteliği taşıyan sayfa tasarımlarının kaligrafik ve illüstratif açıdan değerlendirilmesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırma, tematik olarak tıp ve bitki bilimlerine odaklanmakta; bilimsel bilginin aktarımında anlamı destekleyen minyatürler ile içeriği metinleştiren kaligrafik ögeleri ele almaktadır. Tıbbi bilgilerin anlatıldığı sayfa tasarımlarında, illüstrasyonların tamamlayıcı rolü ve taşıdığı anlamsal değer incelenirken, metinlerde kullanılan kaligrafik dil ile görsel ögeler arasındaki bütünlük değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel inceleme ve doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, tıbbi ve botanik bilimlerin Orta Çağ’dan günümüze aktarımında bilimsel illüstrasyon ve görselleştirme yöntemlerinin etkin biçimde kullanıldığı ortaya konulmaktadır.Medieval manuscripts are handwritten and illustrated works produced between the 5th and 15th centuries that possess cultural and scientific value. Within the scope of this article, selected examples are examined from manuscripts containing scientific fields such as medicine, botany, and anatomy. The focus of the study is limited to the evaluation of page designs that function as graphic products, in which textual and visual elements are used together, from calligraphic and illustrative perspectives. The research thematically focuses on medicine and botanical sciences and addresses miniatures that support meaning in the transmission of scientific knowledge, as well as calligraphic elements that textualize the content. In page designs presenting medical knowledge, the complementary role and semantic value of illustrations are examined, while the integrity between the calligraphic language used in the texts and the visual elements is evaluated. Descriptive analysis and document analysis, which are qualitative research methods, are employed in the study. The findings reveal that scientific illustration and visualization methods have been effectively used in the transmission of medical and botanical sciences from the Middle Ages to the present day.</div
Impact of Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membranes on Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
No full textBackground Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with acute kidney injury (AKI) emerging as a significant non-pulmonary complication of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) membrane type on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with AKI requiring dialysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 COVID-19 patients with AKI who required HD between January 2020 and January 2022. Patients were categorized based on the type of dialysis membrane used as medium cut-off (MCO) versus low-flux (LF). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and hospital outcomes, including 28-day mortality, were analyzed. Results The mean age of the study population was 69.7 +/- 11.6 years, with 45% being female. The median time to HD initiation was shorter in the LF group (p < 0.001). Although ICU admission rates were similar between the groups, the 28-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the MCO group (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis identified ICU admission as an independent risk factor for mortality while using MCO membranes, associated with a reduced mortality risk (OR: 0.344, p = 0.03). MCO membrane was significantly associated with a higher 28-day survival rate by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with log-rank test (56.8% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.001). Conclusions The findings suggest that using MCO membranes in HD may improve survival outcomes in COVID-19 patients with AKI. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory benefits of MCO membranes in this patient population
Risk factors for hip redislocation in surgically treated children with cerebral palsy: A multicenter study with follow-up until skeletal maturity
No full textPurpose: To identify clinical and radiographic risk factors associated with hip redislocation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who underwent surgical treatment for hip dislocation. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included children with CP who underwent reconstructive osteotomy for hip dislocation and were followed until triradiate cartilage closure. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for redislocation. Additionally, a classification and regression tree (CART) model was developed to stratify redislocation risk. Results: Hip redislocation occurred in 25 of 115 hips (21.7%). Redislocation was significantly more frequent in hips treated with femoral osteotomy alone (40%) compared to combined femoral and pelvic osteotomies (16.7%), (p = 0.026). Multivariate analysis identified younger age at surgery (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.981, p = 0.010), higher postoperative Sharp's angle (OR = 1.082, p = 0.034), and lower postoperative Mose hip ratio (MHR) (OR = 0.007, p = 0.033) as independent predictors of redislocation. Radiographic ratios, including medial joint space to cranial joint space (MJS/CJS) and MJS to maximum capital femoral epiphysis diameter (MJS/MCFED), were also significantly higher in redislocated hips. The CART model classified patients into high- and low-risk groups based on surgical age = 48 degrees, and MHR < 0.69. Conclusions: Younger surgical age, insufficient correction as indicated by a higher postoperative Sharp angle and lower MHR were independently associated with hip redislocation in CP patients undergoing surgery. MJS/CJS and MJS/MCFED ratios were also associated with redislocation, indicating incomplete reduction