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Elden Ayağa ve Ayaktan Ayağa Biyoelektrik İmpedans Yöntemi ile Vücut Kompozisyonun Değerlendirilmesi: Menstrual Döngünün Etkisi
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, elden-ayağa (BIAE-A) ve ayaktan-ayağa (BIAA-A) biyoelektrik impedans yöntemleri ile belirlenen vücut kompozisyonu parametrelerini karşılaştırmak ve menstrual döngünün farklı BIA yöntemleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu son 6 aydır düzenli menstrual döngüye sahip, 18-40 yaş aralığındaki sağlıklı 17 gönüllü aktif kadın sporcu (yaş = 20,6 ± 3,5 yıl, menstrual döngü süresi = 28,8 ± 1,2 gün) oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların, rastgele sırayla, menstrual döngünün erken foliküler fazında (EFF) (2.- 5. günlerinde), ovulasyon fazında (OF) (13.- 15. günlerinde) ve luteal fazında (LF) (21.-25. günlerinde) BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY), yağsız vücut kütlesi (YVK) ve total vücut suyu (TVS) ölçülmüştür. Menstrual döngünün farklı fazları folikül stimulan hormon, lüteinleştirici hormon, estradiol ve progesteron hormon analizleri ile teyit edilmiştir. Her iki yöntemle menstrual döngünün farklı fazlarında elde edilen verilerin analizi için 2 x 3 (Yöntem x Menstrual faz) Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Çift Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Menstrual döngünün farklı fazlarında ölçülen hormon düzeyleri anlamlı derecede farklıdır (p > 0.01). Menstrual döngünün vücut ağırlığı (EFF için 63,7 ± 11,2 kg, OF için 63,5 ± 10,7 kg, LF için 64,0 ± 11,1 kg) üzerine etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p > 0,05). Benzer şekilde menstrual döngünün VYY, YVK ve TVS üzerine etkisi de anlamlı değildir (p > 0,05). BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen VYY ve YVK değerleri arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p >0,05). Buna karşılık BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen TVS değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardır (p 0,05). Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kadınlarda BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu değişkenlerinin karşılaştırılabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ek olarak bulgular, menstrual döngünün farklı BIA teknolojileri ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu üzerinde kısıtlayıcı bir etkisi olmadığını da göstermiştir.The aim of this study was to compare body composition parameters determined by hand-to-foot (BIAH-F) and foot-to-foot (BIAF-F) bioelectrical impedance methods and to investigate the effect of menstrual cycle on different BIA methods. The subjects of the study were 17 healthy volunteer active female athletes aged 18-40 years (age = 20.6 ± 3.5 years, menstrual cycle = 28.8 ± 1.2 days) with a regular menstrual cycle for the last 6 months. Body fat percentage (BFP), lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) were measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods during the early follicular phase (EFF) (days 2 to 5), ovulatory phase (OF) (days 13 to 15) and luteal phase (LF) (days 21 to 25) of the menstrual cycle in random order. Different phases of the menstrual cycle were confirmed by follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone hormone analyses. A 2 x 3 (Method x Menstrual phase) repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data obtained with both methods at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Hormone levels measured in different phases of the menstrual cycle were significantly different (p 0.05). The effect of menstrual cycle on BFP, LBM and TBW was also not significant (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between BFP and LBM measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between TBW values measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods (p 0.05). The results of this study showed that body composition variables measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods are comparable in women. In addition, the findings of this study also showed that the menstrual cycle did not have a confounding effect on body composition measured by different BIA technologies
Downstream Guidance of Small-Bodied Species With Angled Oppermann Fine Screens
No full textAlthough physical barriers are being commonly used for fish protection and guidance of larger migratory species in hydropower plants, there is a lack of information on how they perform for small-bodied fish species. Here, we tested a small-bodied species (Alburnus escherichii) based on 30 individuals across 16 hydraulic treatments. These included screen angles of 22 degrees, 30 degrees, 38 degrees and 45 degrees, as well as bed slopes of 0% and 1% without a weir. Additionally, the efficacy of crump vs. streamlined bypass weirs was examined at a bed slope of 1%. All trials were video-recorded for analysis of bypass efficiency. For all tested conditions, we found a fish protection efficiency of 100%. Results showed that 38 degrees and 45 degrees screen angles produced the most favourable velocity distribution-reducing approach velocities from similar to 0.5 m/s (30 degrees) to similar to 0.4 m/s-and increased passage efficiency. Raising the bed slope from 0% to 1% elevated approach velocities and reduced efficiencies by 10%-23% across all angles. The incorporation of a weir generated a beneficial backwater effect, yielding a 9%-15% improvement over the no-weir condition, with the streamlined profile outperforming the crump weir. Moreover, 38 degrees screen angle has the shortest fish passage time for all tested configurations. These findings provide clear design guidelines-namely, a 38 degrees fine-screen rack, minimal inlet slope and a streamlined bypass weir-to optimize downstream fish guidance and mitigate injury and mortality in run-of-river hydropower installations
Rethinking Dialogic Reading for Children with Specific Learning Disorder: Enhancing Reading Attitude and Social Skills
No full textEVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF BOLTON RATIOS USING INTRAORAL SCANNER, MODEL SCANNER, AND PLASTER MODELS
No full textBackground and Aim: Advances in digital technologies have enabled multiple methods for measuring tooth size ratios. Therefore, this study compared the reliability of manual, intraoral scanner, and model scanner techniques in determining anterior and overall Bolton ratios. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female subjects aged 18– 25 years were included. Plaster models were obtained using silicone impressions for manual measurements. Intraoral digital models were created with an intraoral scanner, and additional digital models were produced by scanning plaster casts with a model scanner. Anterior and overall Bolton ratios were measured on all three model types by two observers. Intraand inter-observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland–Altman analyses evaluated systematic and random errors, and repeated measures ANOVA tested differences between measurement methods. Results: Intra-observer reliability was highest for manual anterior measurements (ICC=0.914), followed by the model scanner (ICC=0.867), with intraoral scans showing lower consistency (ICC=0.826). Inter-observer agreement was lower across all methods, especially for intraoral scans. Bland– Altman analysis revealed the largest bias and widest limits of agreement in intraoral anterior measurements. Anterior Bolton ratios differed significantly between methods (p<0.001), with intraoral scans overestimating by 5–7 percentage points; overall Bolton ratios did not differ significantly (p=0.601). Conclusions: Manual and model scanner measurements provided comparable and reliable results for anterior Bolton analysis, whereas intraoral scanning showed greater variability and overestimation. For accurate assessment of anterior tooth size discrepancies, manual or model-based methods are preferable. Overall Bolton ratios can be reliably evaluated with any of the three methods
Shake table experimental validation of auxiliary mass effects in a tuned viscous mass damper
No full textInerter-based dampers have received significant attention in the structural engineering community. Among these, the tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) is the only variant that has been implemented in real-world buildings. The conventional TVMD model comprises an inerter connected in parallel with a dashpot and in series with a spring. However, this simplified model overlooks the influence of the physical mass of the device itself, which includes the moving components between the inerter and spring. In this paper, the device's physical mass, whether explicitly accounted for or intentionally added to enhance its performance, is referred to as an auxiliary mass. The device configuration of the TVMD with an auxiliary mass is the same as that of a novel tuned mass damper inerter (NTMDI) reported in the literature. However, optimal design formulae that minimise the HPo norms of the transfer function from ground displacement to floor displacement relative to the ground are lacking. These shortcomings are addressed in this study. Furthermore, shake table tests were conducted on a scaled single-storey steel specimen containing an NTMDI. The device features a flywheel with permanent magnets and is connected to the structural mass via leaf springs. The experimental results demonstrate that the auxiliary mass significantly improves the dynamic performance of the TVMD
Sensory Processing Patterns in Emerging Adult Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjectives: The objective of this study was to examine the sensory processing patterns of emerging adult women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and those without PD. Materials and Methods: A total of 540 women were included in the study, divided into two groups: the study group (SG, n = 300) and the control group (CG, n = 240). The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) was utilized to assess sensory processing patterns and sensory modalities. The severity of PD was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) with a range of 0 to 10. The participants' weight and height were recorded, and the body mass indexes were calculated. Results: As evidenced by the AASP scores, participants in the SG demonstrated heightened levels of sensory sensitivity in comparison to those in the CG (p < 0.05). PD reported heightened levels of sensory sensitivity across multiple domains, including taste/smell, movement, visual, touch, activity level, and auditory processing (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This article highlights the significance of considering sensory processing patterns in the assessment and management of PD among emerging adult women. By recognizing and addressing sensory sensitivities, healthcare providers can improve the quality of care and support for individuals navigating the challenges of menstrual pain
