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Impact of mentalization, identity diffusion and psychopathology on nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents
No full textIntroduction: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a major public health issue in adolescents. This cross-sectional case-controlled study aims to assess the impact of identity diffusion, psychopathology, and mentalization on NSSI in adolescence. Methods: The study sample consisted of 153 adolescents (76.5% girls; Mage = 15.6 years). The sample included 56 clinical cases of NSSI, 45 psychiatric cases without NSSI, and 52 healthy controls, all recruited in Ankara, Turkiye, from June 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022. Mentalization was assessed by "The Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition" (MASC) which categorizes mentalizing as "correct mentalizing" "hypermentalizing" "undermentalizing" and "no-mentalizing". All participants filled in the Self-Injurious Behavior Screening Questionnaire, Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), and Youth Self Report (YSR), and Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS). Results: The NSSI group showed lower mentalizing capacity than the healthy control group (p = .011), and more no-mentalizing errors than the other two groups (p = .014). Identity diffusion scores were higher in the NSSI group than in the other two groups (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of maternal psychiatric disorder (p = .019, OR = 5.21), identity diffusion (p = .007, OR = 1.02), no mentalizing (p = .049, OR = 1.28), and total psychopathology symptoms (p = .009, OR = 1.12) had a significant impact on NSSI. Conclusions: Current findings suggest that transdiagnostic approaches, including mentalization and identity diffusion, may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of NSSI and to the development of clinical interventions
Preparation and Characterization of Low-Cost Bio-Sorbent and a Novel Activated Carbon from Agro-Wastes for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal
No full textThis study focuses on the preparation and characterization of a novel highly efficient activated carbon (new-AC) and a low-cost adsorbent (BM) from a mixture of agro-based wastes to remove toxic Cr(VI). BM was obtained by mixing wastes subjected to some specific preparation processes in equal proportions, while new-AC was produced by pyrolyzing BM chemically activated with KOH. Various techniques such as elemental analysis, BET-surface area (SBET), pore size and volume measurements, pHpzc, FTIR, Boehm titration, and SEM-EDX analysis were employed for the characterization of adsorbents. The findings revealed that new-AC exhibited a greater SBET, carbon content, and more acidic surface (1413 m2/g, 91.9% C, and pHpzc of 6.8) compared to BM (5.32 m2/g, 51.08% C, and pHpzc of 7.8). Adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the efficiency of each adsorbent, with results compared against a commercial activated carbon (com-AC) for Cr(VI) removal. The optimal conditions for removing 50 mg-Cr(VI)/L were identified as pH 2, 4 g/L dosage, and 30 min contact time for new-AC; pH 2, 5 g/L dosage, and 90 min for com-AC; and pH 2, 20 g/L dosage, and 60 min for BM. The maximum adsorption capacities observed for BM, new-AC, and com-AC were 6.46, 51.55, and 41.67 mg/g of Cr(VI), respectively. The adsorption behavior for all three adsorbents aligned well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption processes were exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable
Use of a specialized peptide-based enteral formula containing medium-chain triglycerides for enteral tube feeding in children with cerebral palsy and previous tube feeding intolerance on standard enteral formula: a prospective observational TolerUP study
No full textObjective Use of peptide-based formulas supplemented with medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) is considered a beneficial strategy to decrease the tube-feeding associated gastrointestinal tolerance. In children with cerebral palsy (CP), overall effects of enteral tube feeding as well as the utility of peptide-based specialized enteral formulas in those with gastrointestinal intolerance have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs in children with CP in terms of gastrointestinal intolerance, anthropometrics, defecation characteristics and parental satisfaction with enteral formula.Methods Children with CP who received enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs were included in this prospective observational study. Anthropometrics (z scores for weight for age [WFA], weight for height [WFH], triceps skinfold thickness [TSFT] and mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC]), gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms, defecation frequency and stool patterns and formula satisfaction were recorded at baseline and during 6-month follow up.Results A total of 96 children with CP (mean +/- SD age: 5.6 +/- 3.2 years, 56.3% were boys) were included. Significant improvements were noted in MUAC, TSFT and WFH z scores at the 6th month visit. The rate of "severe symptoms" and the likelihood of Type-1/Type-2 (constipation) stool pattern were significantly decreased. Majority of parents were satisfied with the study formula.Conclusion Our findings revealed favorable efficacy and safety of using a specialized peptide-based formula containing MCT in provision of enteral tube feeding among children with CP in terms of improved anthropometrics, amelioration of gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms and normalization of bowel movements along with a high parental satisfaction
Factors influencing the prescription of add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists in real-world asthma management: Insights from a national registry
No full textCurrent guidelines recommend adding long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) in patients with uncontrolled asthma, despite the use of moderate to high doses of inhaled steroid-long-acting beta agonists (ICS/LABA). This study aims to analyze the factors related to the prescription of add-on LAMA in clinical practice for asthma patients, shedding light on physicians' preferences. This study included adult asthma patients on add-on LAMA and ICS/LABA monitored for at least one year in a national registry comprising 2053 asthmatics. Patients' characteristics and disease profiles were analyzed to identify factors associated with the prescription of add-on LAMA across the entire cohort. A comparative analysis was performed among three groups: MART (ICS/formoterol as a maintenance and reliever therapy) plus LAMA, Conventional (ICS/LABA as a maintenance and short-acting beta agonist as reliever) plus LAMA and Triple (ICS/ LABA/LAMA single inhaler). LAMAs were added to ICS/LABA in 11.7 % of patients in the national registry. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, low FEV1 (%), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores less than 20, and severe exacerbation were the main factors influencing the initiation of LAMA in our registry. However, demographic characteristics of asthma, control status, pulmonary function test results were similar among the three groups of LAMA users (p > 0.05). Physicians used LAMAs without phenotyping based on allergic status or eosinophil levels (p > 0.05). Mepolizumab was added after LAMA in all patients, while omalizumab was initiated before LAMA in 16.9 % of the patients receiving LAMA along with biologics. Add-on LAMAs were predominantly prescribed for older, uncontrolled, and exacerbated asthma patients with low FEV1
Ultrafine palladium based nanozyme exhibiting photothermal and chemodynamic responses with O2 bubble driven motion and glutathione depletion ability
No full textFor the first time, ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs), 8.7 nm in size, were synthesized using the 'universal viscosity-mediated assembly strategy' (UVMAS). An aqueous dispersion containing ultrafine, well-dispersed nanoparticles with a mode hydrodynamic size of 10.1 nm was obtained without any significant agglomeration. Pd NPs synthesized with UVMAS contained Pd (0) (57.2 %) and PdO (42.8 %) phases. A self-propelled motion of Pd NPs was observed, attributed to the generation of O2 bubbles through the decomposition of H2O2 by their strong catalase (CAT)-like activity. Pd NPs also exhibited peroxidase (POD)-like activity. Toxic hydroxyl (center dot OH) and superoxide anion (O2-center dot) radical generation with Pd NPs was demonstrated by ESR spectroscopy. Their glutathione (GSH) depletion ability was explained by chemisorption of GSH onto Pd NPs via thiol functionality. Pd NPs also exhibited an excellent NIR light absorption, which in turn a photothermal conversion ability with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 43.2 % and a band gap energy of 1.5 eV. The usability of Pd NPs as a promising nanozyme with photothermal and chemodynamic functions was exemplified by the interaction with T98G glioblastoma cells under in-vitro conditions. In-vitro cell deaths up to 85 % were achieved by simultaneous use of photothermal and chemodynamic modalities
Successful Long-Term Outcomes After Combined Endoscopic Stricturotomy and Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent in Crohn's Disease With Primary Ileocecal Valve Stricture
No full textExploring the anti-inflammatory effects of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria: <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation in healthy mouse models
No full textBACKGROUNDEncapsulation technology has been extensively employed in recent years to enhance the efficacy and efficiency of probiotics. Nevertheless, existing studies have primarily concentrated on product efficacy, with inadequate scrutiny concerning potential effects on living organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various encapsulated probiotic strains on inflammatory responses in healthy mice, alongside their in vitro viability. Nissle (EcN) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were microencapsulated for the study. RESULTSThe differences in serum levels of Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, and C-reactive protein among the groups were statistically significant (LGG, P = 0.039, P = 0.024, and P < 0.001; EcN, P = 0.019, P = 0.012, and P = 0.037, respectively). The highest levels were found in the control group, while the lowest levels were observed in the microencapsulated group. There were no significant differences in tissue tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-6 levels for either LGG or EcN. CONCLUSIONProbiotics reduced inflammation-related parameters in serum of healthy mice. Microencapsulation preserved viability in vitro, but in vivo no significant differences were observed in anti-inflammatory parameters or body weight between microencapsulated and free probiotics. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry
Two-Year Follow-Up on Surgical Outcomes of vNOTES High Uterosacral Ligament Suspension for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
No full textStudy Objective: We aimed to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of high uterosacral ligament suspension (HUSLS) with vaginal-assisted natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) in patients either having pelvic organ prolapse or undergoing routine prophylaxis to prevent posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting: Three tertiary care hospitals. Patients: Patients who received vNOTES-HUSLS between January 1, 2021, and January 1, 2023, were included in the study. Interventions: vNOTES-HUSLS. Measurements and Main Results: The data collected included surgery duration, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative visual analog scores, and Female Sexual Function Index pain subdomain scores. The changes in prolapse levels were measured using modified Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantifications System scores, including the C, Ba, and Bp scores recorded before surgery and during the postoperative follow-up examination. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire. The final analysis included 55 women. Of these, vNOTES-HUSLS was performed in 43 patients (78.2%) to treat apical prolapse, whereas the remaining 12 patients (21.8%) underwent prophylaxis after hysterectomy to prevent vaginal vault prolapse. The median follow-up period was 23.5 months, with a range of 12 to 37 months. Ba, C, and Bp points significantly improved in patients who underwent surgery for prolapse (p < .001). There was no recurrence in the apical compartment after vNOTES-HUSLS for both performed prophylactic and treatment purposes after hysterectomy. Two patients (3.6%) were diagnosed as having stage 3 anterior compartment prolapse. The overall vNOTES-HUSLS success rate was 96.4% at approximately 2-year follow-up. Bladder injury was detected as an intraoperative complication in 1 patient (1.8%). The overall satisfaction rate was 98.1% at the final follow-up. Conclusion: vNOTES-HUSLS was effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of apical prolapse, demonstrating high anatomic success rates. The procedure demonstrated a low complication rate, with intraoperative and postoperative complications each observed in 1.8% of patients (n = 1). Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (2025) 32, 39-48. (c) 2024 AAGL. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
Exploring Rehabilitation Protocols for Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair: Insights from a Scoping Review.
No full textDesign of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(ethylene glycol) microneedle arrays for delivering glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by cartilage and bone degradation. Medical therapies like glucosaminoglycan (GAG), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) aim to preserve joint function and reduce inflammation but may cause side effects when administered orally or via injection. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) offer a localized drug delivery method that reduces side effects. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of delivering GAG, CS, and HA using microneedles in vitro. An optimal needle geometry is crucial for the successful application of MNA. To address this, here we employ a multi-objective optimization framework using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to determine the ideal MNA design, focusing on preventing needle failure. Then, a three-step fabrication approach is followed to fabricate the MNAs. First, the master (male) molds are fabricated from poly(methyl methacrylate) using mechanical micromachining based on optimized needle geometry. Second, a micro-molding with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for the fabrication of production (female) molds. In the last step, the MNAs were fabricated by microcasting the hydrogels using the production molds. Light microscopy (LIMI) confirms the accuracy of the MNAs manufactured, and in vitro skin insertion tests demonstrate failure-free needle insertion. Subsequently, we confirmed the biocompatibility of MNAs by evaluating their impact on the L929 fibroblast cell line, human chondrocytes, and osteoblasts