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Araçlar Konuşuyor, Şehirler Düşünüyor: Kooperatif AkıllıUlaşım Sistemleriyle Etkileşimli Mobilitenin Yükselişi
No full textKentlerin giderek karmaşıklaşan ulaştırma yapısı, güvenli, verimli ve sürdürülebilir çözümlere duyulan ihtiyacı her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Bu gereksinimlere yanıt olarak gelişen Kooperatif Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri (K-AUS), araçları, altyapı elemanları ve kullanıcılar arasında gerçek zamanlı veri paylaşımına dayalı ve adeta şehirlerin dijital zekâsını da dönüştüren, yeni bir bütüncül mobilite paradigması sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, K-AUS’un ulaştırma altyapılarında meydana getirdiği karşılıklı etkileşim, güvenlik ve sürdürülebilirlik etkilerini disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada buna yönelik olarak, literatür temelli nitel analiz yöntemiyle K-AUS’un yapısı, temel bileşenleri ve uluslararası uygulamalar incelenmekte; Avrupa’daki öncü projeler (C-Roads, NordicWay, SCOOP@F) ile Türkiye’nin 2053 Net Sıfır Emisyon Hedefi arasındaki uyumu değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, 5G ve C-V2Xtabanlı haberleşme teknolojileri, yapay zekâ destekli karar mekanizmaları ve sensör tabanlı veri yönetim altyapılarının gelecekteki rolleri tartışılmaktadır.Bulgular, K-AUS’un yalnızca bir teknoloji değil, ulaşımda etkileşimsel düşünme kültürü oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma, V2V, V2I ve V2X haberleşme türlerinin kentiçi trafik yönetimine getirdiği yenilikleri; AUS tabanlı karar destek mekanizmalarının insan-araç-altyapı etkileşimi üzerindeki dönüştürücü etkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Avrupa Birliği’nin KAUS odaklı öncü projelerde geliştirilen haberleşme protokolleri, veri paylaşım yapıları ve güvenlik standartları Türkiye’deki mevcut AUS stratejileriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca,Türkiye’nin AUS Strateji Belgesi (2020–2023), Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Ana Planı (2023–2053) ve 2053 Net Sıfır Emisyon Hedefi ile bütünleştirilebilecek öneriler geliştirilmiştir. K-AUS, Türkiye’nin 2053 Net Sıfır Emisyon hedefleriyle uyumlu olarak, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve dijital dönüşüm süreçlerini bütüncül biçimde ilerletebilecek yenilikçi bir altyapı modeli sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 5G tabanlı iletişim ağlarının yaygınlaştırılması, yerli V2X teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ve şehir dijital ikizlerinin kurulması, insan odaklı, kazasız ve karbonsuz bir mobilite ekosisteminin inşasında temel unsurlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kooperatif akıllı ulaşım sistemleri, K-AUS, mobilite, sürdürülebilirulaştırma </p
Physical Vapor Deposited TiN and TiAlN on Biomedical β-Type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr: Microstructural Characteristics, Surface Hardness Enhancement, and Antibacterial Activity
No full textBeta (β)-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloys combine low modulus with biocompatibility but require improved surface properties for long-term implantation. This study aimed to enhance the surface mechanical strength and antibacterial performance of TNTZ by applying TiN and TiAlN coatings via PVD. Notably, TiAlN was deposited on TNTZ for the first time, enabling a direct side-by-side comparison with TiN under identical deposition conditions. Dense TiN (~1.06 μm) and TiAlN (~1.73 μm) coatings were deposited onto solution-treated TNTZ and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, Vickers microhardness, Rockwell indentation test (VDI 3198), static water contact angle measurements, and a Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion antibacterial assay against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Both coatings formed face-centered cubic (FCC) structures with smooth interfaces (Ra ≤ 5.3 nm) while preserving the single-phase β matrix of the substrate. The hardness increased from 192 HV (uncoated) to 1059 HV (TiN) and 1468 HV (TiAlN), and the adhesion quality was rated as HF2 and HF1, respectively. The surface wettability changed from hydrophilic (48°) to moderately hydrophobic (82°) with TiN and highly hydrophobic (103°) with TiAlN. Similarly, the diameter of the no-growth zones increased to 18.02 mm (TiN) and 19.09 mm (TiAlN) compared to 17.65 mm for uncoated TNTZ. The findings indicate that TiAlN, in particular, provided improved hardness, adhesion, and hydrophobicity. Preliminary bacteriostatic screening under diffusion conditions suggested a modest relative antibacterial response, though the effect was not statistically significant between coated and uncoated TNTZ. Statistical analysis confirmed no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05), indicating that only a preliminary bacteriostatic trend— rather than a definitive antibacterial effect—was observed. Both nitride coatings strengthened TNTZ without compromising its structural integrity, making TiAlN-coated TNTZ a promising candidate for next-generation orthopedic implants
Workforce Forecasting with Machine Learning for Healthcare Management
No full textThe NACE-based Q sector, which represents human health and social service activities, has a significant share of employment in Turkey. In the Q sector, the supply of qualified labour process of supplying qualified takes a long time and requires high-cost investments. Due to uncertainties about how and when the demand for health services will arise, the supply should always be higher than the demand. In this context, planning the supply of health services and making predictions about their demands are vital in terms of creating economically effective health service policies. Therefore, this article aims to forecast physicians’ supply and demand for health services. We employed machine learning (ML) methods for time series forecasting. In order to forecast the demand, two data sets from the health care sector between the years 1980–2020 and 2000–2020 were analysed. The supply of physicians per 1,000 people could be 3.04, and the demand 3.12 in 2030, and thus, a shortage in the supply of physicians could be expected in 2030. The main findings of the study demonstrate that there could be an imbalance between the rate at which physicians are expected to be demanded and the rate at which physicians are expected to be supplied
Ticari yarı römork tanker aracının gerçek yol girişleri ile hasar analizi ve en iyileştirme süreci
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Femtoscopic study of the proton-proton and proton-deuteron systems in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
No full textThis work reports femtoscopic correlations of p-−p(p‾-−p‾) and p−−d(p‾-−d‾) pairs measured in Pb–Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon sNN = 5.02 TeV in the ALICE Collaboration. A fit to the measured proton-proton correlation functions allows one to extract the dependence of the nucleon femtoscopic radius of the particle-emitting source on the pair transverse mass (mT) and on the average charge particle multiplicity 〈dNch/dη〉1/3 for three centrality intervals (0–10%,10−−30%,30−−50%). In both cases, the expected power-law and linear scalings are observed, respectively. The measured p–d correlations can be described by both two- and three-body calculations, indicating that the femtoscopy observable is not sensitive to the short-distance features of the dynamics of the p-(p-n) system, due to the large inter-particle distances in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC. Indeed, in this study, the minimum measured femtoscopic source sizes for protons and deuterons have a minimum value at 2.73−0.05+0.05 and 3.10−0.86+1.04 fm, respectively, for the 30–50% centrality collisions. Moreover, the m T-scaling obtained for the p–p and p–d systems is compatible within 1 σ of the uncertainties. These findings provide new input for fundamental studies on the production of light (anti)nuclei under extreme conditions
An Innovative Bulgur Production Method Using Pullulanase Enzyme and Autoclaving–Cooling Cycles to Produce Bulgur with Low Glycemic Index
No full textBulgurs with increased resistant starch (RS) contents were produced from high-amylose wheat and Svevo wheat samples by pullulanase treatment and autoclaving–cooling cycles. Cooking properties, color, texture, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, in vitro glycemic index, and RS contents of bulgurs were examined. RS contents of bulgurs obtained by enzyme application and autoclaving–cooling cycles were 3-folds higher than those of the control bulgurs and reached a level of 9.47%. The GI value of the bulgur produced from high-amylose wheat by pullulanase treatment and autoclaving–cooling cycles was quite low (52.11), and hence it can be classified as a low-GI food. Pullulanase application and autoclaving–cooling cycles had significant effects on textural properties of bulgurs. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were found to be the highest in bulgurs obtained by enzyme application and autoclaving–cooling cycles. These results can be used to improve the health benefits of bulgur by increasing its RS content and decreasing its GI value
PI Controller and Lag Compensator Design and Development for DC-DC Interleaved Boost Converter and Performance Analysis Under Disturbed Conditions
No full textPicture-Fuzzy Decision-Making Tool for Enhanced Risk Prioritization in Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Hybrid FMEA–Fine–Kinney–SWARA–TOPSIS Approach
No full textEffectively managing Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) requires prioritizing multi-dimensional risks, a task complicated by the inherent uncertainty and subjectivity of expert judgments. While classical methods like Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fine–Kinney (FK) provide a diagnostic structure, they struggle to capture the vagueness in subjective assessments. This study addresses this gap by developing an integrated framework that couples the classical FMEA/FK criteria (Severity, Exposure, Probability, Detectability, Frequency) with Picture-Fuzzy (PiF) multi-criteria decision making. The methodology first elicits criterion importances from 15 experts using PiF Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (PiF-SWARA), which retains approval, indeterminacy, rejection, and refusal degrees to reduce information loss. Subsequently, it ranks 40 risk factors using the PiF Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (PiF-TOPSIS). Results show severity is the most influential criterion, followed by exposure and probability. The framework identifies the highest-priority risks as cumulative pollution with rising complaints, groundwater leakage, and insufficient investment/operating budgets. A sensitivity analysis confirms that environmental and financial risks remain consistently prominent across various weighting scenarios. This harmonized FMEA/FK–PiF-SWARA–TOPSIS approach yields a transparent and defensible prioritization, offering a practical tool for managers to allocate resources effectively, focusing on critical environmental controls and addressing core financial deficiencies in CDW systems
Textural, Pasting and Thermal Properties of Traditional Maras Tarhana Produced with Cracked Wheat
No full textThis study was designed to determine the morphology, functional groups, dough structure, textural and thermal properties of twelve different Maras Tarhana samples. SEM results showed that tarhana powders generally had an amorphous- oval structure. In the FTIR analysis, although each sample had the same content, it was determined that there was variability in functional groups and frequency intensities, which was thought to be caused by the difference in the ratio between the components used. The highest peak viscosity (191.00 cp), trough viscosity (53.00 cP) and breakdown viscosity (138.00 cP) values were measured in sample number 4 (p<0.05). The highest hardness value was in sample number 2 (176.72 g), and the lowest cohesion value was in sample number 11, with 0.50. In thermal analysis, the highest weight loss was detected in sample number 12 with 79.70%. The Tg temperature range of the samples varied between 33.43-70.16 ºC, and sample number 8 was found to be the most stable against agglomeration. The analysis results determined that the pasting and textural properties of the samples differed significantly, and the FTIR and TGA-DSC results also determined that there were chemical and thermal differences between the samples. This situation revealed that there is no standard production in Maras Tarhana. It is thought that this may be due to many factors such as the starch content of the flour used due to local production, the ratio of the materials used in the formulation, the order of adding the materials, the fermentation time and the drying method