LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana de Psicología
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Transgender Women and Old Age: Social Representationsin the Pandemic Context
Get PDFBackground: In Brazil, transgender people over the age of 60 face high vulnerability and discrimination. Objective: The study aimed to identify the social representations (SR) of old age among middle-aged and elderly Brazilian transsexual women. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study made up of 20 transexual women aged 45 or over (M = 53.4; SD = 5.05). Due to the context of the pandemic, the research was carried out using an online questionnaire for participants from all over Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection: I) a sociodemographic questionnaire and II) a semi-structured interview. Two pieces of software were used to analyze the data. Initially, the data from the sociodemographic questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and then the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ using the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: The results pointed mainly to issues of trans aging, the challenges faced by society, as well as the loneliness of trans women and their respective invisibility. Conclusion: From the research, it was possible to conclude that the SRs show that trans old age lacks visibility in society, and there is still a need to change stigmas in relation to ageing.Antecedentes: en Brasil, las personas transexuales mayores de 60 años enfrentan alta vulnerabilidad y discriminación. Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las representaciones sociales (RS) de la vejez entre mujeres transexuales brasileñas de mediana y avanzada edad. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, compuesto por 20 mujeres transexuales de 45 años o más (M = 53.4; DE = 5.05). Debido al contexto de la pandemia, la investigación se realizó por medio de un cuestionario online para participantes de todo Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recogida de datos: I) un cuestionario sociodemográfico y II) una entrevista semiestructurada. Se utilizaron dos programas informáticos para analizar los datos. Inicialmente, los datos del cuestionario sociodemográfico se analizaron con el SPSS y, a continuación, las entrevistas semiestructuradas se analizaron con el IRaMuTeQ utilizando la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (DHC). Resultados: los resultados apuntaron principalmente a las cuestiones del envejecimiento trans, los desafíos enfrentados por la sociedad, así como la soledad de las mujeres trans y su respectiva invisibilidad. Conclusión: a partir de la investigación, fue posible concluir que las RS muestran que la vejez trans carece de visibilidad en la sociedad, y que aún es necesario cambiar los estigmas en relación con el envejecimiento.Background: In Brazil, transgender people over the age of 60 face high vulnerability and discrimination. Objective: The study aimed to identify the social representations (SR) of old age among middle-aged and elderly Brazilian transsexual women. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study made up of 20 transexual women aged 45 or over (M = 53.4; SD = 5.05). Due to the context of the pandemic, the research was carried out using an online questionnaire for participants from all over Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection: I) a sociodemographic questionnaire and II) a semi-structured interview. Two pieces of software were used to analyze the data. Initially, the data from the sociodemographic questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and then the semi-structured interviews were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ using the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: The results pointed mainly to issues of trans aging, the challenges faced by society, as well as the loneliness of trans women and their respective invisibility. Conclusion: From the research, it was possible to conclude that the SRs show that trans old age lacks visibility in society, and there is still a need to change stigmas in relation to ageing
Estratégias cognitivas de regulação emocional: Diferenças de gênero no Equador
No full textBackground: The use of various emotional regulation strategies influences the individual’s response to adverse situations and has been considered a transdiagnostic component in various disorders. Objective: Evaluate gender differences in the use of cognitive emotional regulation strategies. Method: Comparative study that contrasts the use of various cognitive strategies for emotional regulation between men and women in three different Ecuadorian samples is contrasted. For this, the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire was used, which evaluates nine cognitive emotional regulation strategies. The first sample included 618 participants with no psychiatric history evaluated during a period of great distress (the first confinement due to COVID-19), the second study included 222 regular and problem gamblers and the last one involved 60 patients with chronic kidney disease. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the use of rumination strategies (higher in women) and self-blame (higher in men) in the first and third study. and indicated an effect size ranging from small to large (.21 to .79). In contrast, Study 2 did not report any significant differences. Conclusion: These findings suggest the existence of relatively stable gender differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies that could have a mediating impact on other gender differences, such as the prevalence of psychopathology.Antecedentes: el uso de diversas estrategias de regulación emocional influye en la respuesta del individuo ante situaciones adversas y ha sido considerado un componente transdiagnóstico en diversos trastornos. Objetivo: evaluar las diferencias de género en el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional cognitivas. Método: estudio comparativo que cotrasta el uso de diversas estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional entre hombres y mujeres en tres muestras ecuatorianas diferentes. Para ello, se utilizó el cuestionario de regulación emocional cognitiva que evalúa nueve estrategias de regulación emocional cognitivas. La primera muestra incluyó 618 participantes sin antecedentes psiquiátricos evaluados durante un periodo de gran estrés (el primer confinamiento por el COVID-19); el segundo estudio lo componen 222 jugadores de azar; y el último, involucró 60 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Resultados: los resultados en el primer y tercer estudio revelaron diferencias significativas en el uso de estrategias como rumiación (mayor en las mujeres) y autoculpa (mayor en los hombres) e indicaron un tamaño del efecto de pequeño a grande (.21 a .79). En contraparte, el estudio 2 no reportó ni diferencias significativas. Conclusión: estos hallazgos sugieren la existencia de diferencias de género relativamente estables en el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional que podrían tener un impacto mediador en otras diferencias de género, como prevalencia de psicopatología.Contexto: o uso de várias estratégias de regulação emocional influencia a resposta do indivíduo a situações adversas e tem sido considerado um componente transdiagnóstico em vários transtornos. Objetivo: avaliar as diferenças de gênero no uso de estratégias cognitivas de regulação emocional. Método: estudo comparativo que contrasta o uso de diferentes estratégias cognitivas de regulação emocional entre homens e mulheres em três amostras equatorianas diferentes. Para isso, foi usado o questionário de regulação emocional cognitiva, que avalia nove estratégias cognitivas de regulação emocional. A primeira amostra incluiu 618 participantes sem histórico psiquiátrico avaliados durante um período de alto estresse (o primeiro confinamento por COVID-19); o segundo estudo incluiu 222 jogadores; e o último envolveu 60 pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica. Resultados: Os resultados do primeiro e do terceiro estudo revelaram diferenças significativas no uso de estratégias como ruminação (maior nas mulheres) e autoculpa (maior nos homens) e indicaram um tamanho de efeito pequeno a grande (.21 a .79). Em contrapartida, o estudo 2 não registrou diferenças significativas. Conclusão: Esses resultados sugerem a existência de diferenças de gênero relativamente estáveis no uso de estratégias de regulação emocional que poderiam ter um impacto mediador sobre outras diferenças de gênero, como a prevalência de psicopatologia
Risk factors for marijuana use in adolescents from Lima
Get PDFBackground: The consumption of illicit drugs in Peru is concerning, with marijuana being the most commonly used among the school-age population. Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors that predict marijuana use among high school students in Metropolitan Lima aged 13 to 18 years, describe how these factors are distributed in these students, and determine differences in the risk factors between consumers and non-consumers. Methods: The sample included 975 students from public schools, and variables related to drug consumption, expectations, self-efficacy, sensation seeking, and parental monitoring were measured. Results: The lifetime prevalence of marijuana consumption was 6.2%, with an average age of 14.18 years. Availability and consumption of marijuana in the student environment were highlighted as risk factors. Additionally, significant differences were found between consumers and nonconsumers in sensation seeking, expectations, self-efficacy, parental control and communication, and risk perception. Logistic regression showed that dichotomous variables such as tobacco consumption, curiosity to try marijuana, drug availability, and sensation seeking had greater predictive capacity. Conclusion: The main risk factors were previous alcohol and tobacco use, curiosity to try marijuana, and risk perception of its use. Significant differences were found between consumers and nonconsumers regarding consumption expectations, sensation seeking, self-efficacy to reject offers, and parental communication and control.Antecedentes: el consumo de drogas ilícitas en el Perú es preocupante, siendo la marihuana la más utilizada en la población escolar. Objetivo: este estudio se propuso identificar los factores de riesgo predictores del consumo de marihuana en estudiantes de secundaria entre 13 y 18 años en Lima Metropolitana, así como describir la presencia de estos factores en los estudiantes y determinar las diferencias entre consumidores y no consumidores respecto de los factores. Método: la muestra incluyó 975 estudiantes de colegios públicos y se midieron variables relacionadas al consumo de drogas, expectativas, autoeficacia, búsqueda de sensaciones y monitoreo parental. Resultados: la prevalencia de vida de consumo de marihuana fue del 6.2%, con una edad promedio de 14.18 años. Se destacan la disponibilidad y el consumo de marihuana en el entorno estudiantil como factores de riesgo. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre consumidores y no consumidores en la búsqueda de sensaciones, expectativas, autoeficacia, control y comunicación parental, y percepción de riesgo. La regresión logística mostró que las variablesdicotómicas, como consumo de tabaco, la curiosidad de probar marihuana, la disponibilidad de la droga y la búsqueda de sensaciones, tenían una mayor capacidad predictiva. Conclusión: se encuentran como principales factores de riesgo el consumo previo de alcohol y tabaco, la curiosidad de probar marihuana y la percepción de riesgo del consumo. Asimismo, se encuentran diferencias significativas entre consumidores y no consumidores en expectativas de consumo, búsqueda de sensaciones, autoeficacia para el rechazo de consumo, así como la comunicación y control parental.Background: The consumption of illicit drugs in Peru is concerning, with marijuana being the most commonly used among the school-age population. Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors that predict marijuana use among high school students in Metropolitan Lima aged 13 to 18 years, describe how these factors are distributed in these students, and determine differences in the risk factors between consumers and non-consumers. Methods: The sample included 975 students from public schools, and variables related to drug consumption, expectations, self-efficacy, sensation seeking, and parental monitoring were measured. Results: The lifetime prevalence of marijuana consumption was 6.2%, with an average age of 14.18 years. Availability and consumption of marijuana in the student environment were highlighted as risk factors. Additionally, significant differences were found between consumers and nonconsumers in sensation seeking, expectations, self-efficacy, parental control and communication, and risk perception. Logistic regression showed that dichotomous variables such as tobacco consumption, curiosity to try marijuana, drug availability, and sensation seeking had greater predictive capacity. Conclusion: The main risk factors were previous alcohol and tobacco use, curiosity to try marijuana, and risk perception of its use. Significant differences were found between consumers and nonconsumers regarding consumption expectations, sensation seeking, self-efficacy to reject offers, and parental communication and control
Psychometric Evidence of the Defeat and Entrapment Scales in Peruvian adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Defeat and entrapment can be experienced in adolescence through academic performance, peer relationships, or family expectations. The interaction of both creates a potential risk factor for suicidal behavior, which underscores the need for reliable instruments for assessment and prevention. Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the defeat and entrapment scales in Peruvian adolescents. Method: Instrumental and cross-sectional research. A total of 3098 adolescents responded to the scales of defeat, entrapment and suicidal ideation. Statistical analysis was performed using classical test theory and item response theory. Results: Both the defeat and entrapment scales showed a unidimensional structure, adequate reliability, measurement invariance according to sex and evidence of relationship with suicidal ideation. The highest discrimination was observed in item 14 of defeat and item 3 of entrapment, and both scales are more accurate at higher levels of the construct. Conclusion: The defeat and entrapment scales demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for the inference and interpretation of their scores. Therefore, their use is recommended in the adolescent population, whether in research or professional practice.Antecedentes: la derrota y el atrapamiento puede experimentarse en la adolescencia a través del rendimiento académico, las relaciones entre pares o las expectativas familiares. La interacción de ambos crea un potencial factor de riesgo de conductas suicidas, lo cual subraya la necesidad de tener instrumentos confiables para su evaluación y prevención. Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de derrota y atrapamiento en adolescentes peruanos. Método: investigación instrumental. Participaron 3098 adolescentes que respondieron las escalas de derrota, atrapamiento e ideación suicida. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de la teoría clásica del test y teoría de respuesta al ítem. Resultados: tanto la escala de derrota y como la de atrapamiento presentan una estructura unidimensional, adecuada confiabilidad, invarianza de medición según sexo y evidencia de relación con la ideación suicida. La mayor discriminación se observó en el ítem 14 de derrota y el ítem 3 de atrapamiento, además que ambas escalas son más precisas en niveles altos del constructo. Conclusión: las escalas de derrota y atrapamiento demostraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la inferencia e interpretación de sus puntuaciones. Por lo tanto, se recomienda su uso en población adolescente, ya sea en el ámbito de investigación o práctica profesional.Background: Defeat and entrapment can be experienced in adolescence through academic performance, peer relationships, or family expectations. The interaction of both creates a potential risk factor for suicidal behavior, which underscores the need for reliable instruments for assessment and prevention. Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the defeat and entrapment scales in Peruvian adolescents. Method: Instrumental and cross-sectional research. A total of 3098 adolescents responded to the scales of defeat, entrapment and suicidal ideation. Statistical analysis was performed using classical test theory and item response theory. Results: Both the defeat and entrapment scales showed a unidimensional structure, adequate reliability, measurement invariance according to sex and evidence of relationship with suicidal ideation. The highest discrimination was observed in item 14 of defeat and item 3 of entrapment, and both scales are more accurate at higher levels of the construct. Conclusion: The defeat and entrapment scales demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for the inference and interpretation of their scores. Therefore, their use is recommended in the adolescent population, whether in research or professional practice
University Studies Goal Setting in Feminine Scholarship Students of Beca 18 Program
Get PDFBackground: Recent studies (Jemini-Gashi et al., 2019; Troy, 2023) found that social support, self-efficacy and agency contribute to the construction of university studies goal setting. These factors are especially relevant in Peru, characterized by inequalities and gaps in access to Higher Education, particularly for women in rural areas. Objective: Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study seeks to understand the experiences that contributed to the university studies goal setting in young women from rural areas. Method: Four interviews were conducted with young scholarship recipients using a thematic approach and design. Results: Findings indicate that this process involves evaluating the objective of pursuing university studies considering contextual (family expectations, role models, narratives) and individual factors (future expectation, self-efficacy, agency); and evaluate applying to a study center, which includes considering the career and university within the framework of the Beca 18 program. Conclusion: The goal of pursuing a university degree involves a series of internal challenges that must align with what the context offers and demands, while also seeking to improve their quality of life. The study poses challenges for educational support programs to reduce context gaps.Antecedentes: estudios recientes (Jemini-Gashi et al., 2019; Troy, 2023) encontraron que el apoyo social, la autoeficacia y la agencia contribuyen a la construcción de la meta de carrera. Estos factores tienen especial relevancia en el Perú, caracterizado por desigualdades y brechas de acceso a la educación superior, especialmente en mujeres de zonas rurales. Objetivo: basada en la teoría social cognitiva de la carrera, se busca comprender las experiencias que contribuyeron al establecimiento de la meta de realizar estudios universitarios en jóvenes mujeres de zonas rurales. Método: se realizaron 4 entrevistas a jóvenes becarias empleando un enfoque y diseño temático. Resultados: los hallazgos indicaron que este proceso implica evaluar la meta de seguir estudios universitarios considerando factores contextuales (expectativas familiares, modelos a seguir, narrativas) e individuales (expectativa del futuro, autoeficacia, agencia); y evaluar postular a un centro de estudios, que incluye considerar la carrera y la universidad en el marco del programa Beca 18. Conclusión: la meta de estudiar una carrera universitaria configura una serie de desafíos internos que deben dialogar con lo que ofrece y exige el contexto, al mismo tiempo que buscan mejorar su calidad de vida. El estudio plantea desafíos para los programas de apoyo educativo para reducir las brechas del contexto.Background: Recent studies (Jemini-Gashi et al., 2019; Troy, 2023) found that social support, self-efficacy and agency contribute to the construction of university studies goal setting. These factors are especially relevant in Peru, characterized by inequalities and gaps in access to Higher Education, particularly for women in rural areas. Objective: Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study seeks to understand the experiences that contributed to the university studies goal setting in young women from rural areas. Method: Four interviews were conducted with young scholarship recipients using a thematic approach and design. Results: Findings indicate that this process involves evaluating the objective of pursuing university studies considering contextual (family expectations, role models, narratives) and individual factors (future expectation, self-efficacy, agency); and evaluate applying to a study center, which includes considering the career and university within the framework of the Beca 18 program. Conclusion: The goal of pursuing a university degree involves a series of internal challenges that must align with what the context offers and demands, while also seeking to improve their quality of life. The study poses challenges for educational support programs to reduce context gaps
Drug use among women in Northwestern Mexico
Get PDFBackground: Men have higher levels of drug consumption than women. Being a growing group, it needs special attention because inequalities and social stigmas make them more vulnerable. Objective: To analyze the trajectories in the consumption of legal and illegal substances in women to identify contextual variables involved in their initiation and persistence. Method: qualitative study with discussion groups and semistructured interviews with women in rehabilitation centers. Results: in the participants, adolescence is combined with the onset period, facilitated by access to drugs through close people. Reasons for using include fun, curiosity, and avoidance of family problems. The results show that the availability of drugs in the immediate environment contributes to falls. Conclusion: Easy access to substances and risks in the family environment facilitate consumption and hinder rehabilitation in women. Specific intervention strategies and trained personnel that consider the context and gender approaches are required to develop socio-cognitive skills.Antecedentes: los varones presentan niveles de consumo de drogas más altos que las mujeres. Al ser un grupo en crecimiento necesita atención especial debido a que las desigualdades y estigmas sociales las hacen más vulnerables. Objetivo: analizar las trayectorias en el consumo de sustancias legales e ilegales en mujeres a fin de identificar variables contextuales involucradas en su inicio y persistencia. Método: estudio cualitativo con grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres en centros de rehabilitación. Resultados: en las participantes, la adolescencia es comúnmente el periodo de inicio, facilitado por el acceso a drogas a través de personas cercanas. Las razones para consumir incluyen diversión, curiosidad y evasión de problemas familiares. Los resultados dan cuenta de que la disponibilidad de drogas en el entorno cercano contribuye a las recaídas. Conclusión: el fácil acceso a sustancias y los riesgos en el entorno familiar facilitan el consumo y dificultan la rehabilitación en mujeres. Se requieren estrategias de intervención específicas y personal capacitado que consideren el contexto y enfoques de género para desarrollar habilidades sociocognitivas.Background: Men have higher levels of drug consumption than women. Being a growing group, it needs special attention because inequalities and social stigmas make them more vulnerable. Objective: To analyze the trajectories in the consumption of legal and illegal substances in women to identify contextual variables involved in their initiation and persistence. Method: qualitative study with discussion groups and semistructured interviews with women in rehabilitation centers. Results: in the participants, adolescence is combined with the onset period, facilitated by access to drugs through close people. Reasons for using include fun, curiosity, and avoidance of family problems. The results show that the availability of drugs in the immediate environment contributes to falls. Conclusion: Easy access to substances and risks in the family environment facilitate consumption and hinder rehabilitation in women. Specific intervention strategies and trained personnel that consider the context and gender approaches are required to develop socio-cognitive skills
Influencia del afecto y el contenido emocional de la información sobre el aprendizaje
Get PDFBackground: Information processing is influenced by learners’ affect and the emotional content of the study material. The congruence or otherwise of these factors can determine the effectiveness of learning. Objective: To analyze the influence of affect and emotional content of the information on learning. Method: A total of 126 university students completed a questionnaire to measure their affective state (I-Spanas SF) and performed a verbal learning task of free coding (positive, neutral and negative words) and retrieval with competing cues. Results: Students encoded more positive words than negative and neutral words; however, in the retrieval phase the percentage of negative words recalled was higher than that of positive and neutral words. In addition, the congruent memory effect was not observed in the retrieval phase, but an emotional congruence effect was obtained in the coding phase in the selection of positive words. Conclusion: Students’ positive affect promotes the encoding of positive information; however, they retrieve negative information better. These data point to complex interactions between student affect and the emotional content of study material that may have important implications for learning processes.Antecedentes: el procesamiento de la información se ve influido por el afecto de los estudiantes y el contenido emocional del material de estudio. La congruencia o no entre estos factores puede determinar la eficacia del aprendizaje. Objetivo: analizar la influencia del estado afectivo y el contenido emocional de la información sobre el aprendizaje. Método: participaron 126 estudiantes universitarios que completaron un cuestionario para medir su estado afectivo (I-Spanas SF), y realizaron una tarea de aprendizaje verbal de codificación libre (palabras positivas, neutras y negativas) y recuperación con claves competidoras. Resultados: los estudiantes codificaron más palabras positivas que negativas y neutras; sin embargo, en la fase de recuperación el porcentaje de palabras negativas recordadas fue mayor que el de positivas y neutras. Además, no se observó el efecto de memoria congruente en la fase de recuperación, pero sí un efecto de congruencia emocional en la fase de codificación en la selección de las palabras positivas. Conclusión: el afecto positivo de los estudiantes promueve la codificación de información positiva; sin embargo, recuperan mejor la información negativa. Estos datos nos advierten de interacciones complejas entre el afecto del estudiante y el contenido emocional del material de estudio que pueden tener implicaciones importantes en los procesos de aprendizaje.Background: Information processing is influenced by learners’ affect and the emotional content of the study material. The congruence or otherwise of these factors can determine the effectiveness of learning. Objective: To analyze the influence of affect and emotional content of the information on learning. Method: A total of 126 university students completed a questionnaire to measure their affective state (I-Spanas SF) and performed a verbal learning task of free coding (positive, neutral and negative words) and retrieval with competing cues. Results: Students encoded more positive words than negative and neutral words; however, in the retrieval phase the percentage of negative words recalled was higher than that of positive and neutral words. In addition, the congruent memory effect was not observed in the retrieval phase, but an emotional congruence effect was obtained in the coding phase in the selection of positive words. Conclusion: Students’ positive affect promotes the encoding of positive information; however, they retrieve negative information better. These data point to complex interactions between student affect and the emotional content of study material that may have important implications for learning processes
Editorial
Get PDFIt is a pleasure to share with the national and international academic community Volume 30, No. 2 of Liberabit, Revista Peruana de Psicología, which is comprised of nine empirical research articles and one theoretical research article.Es muy grato compartir con la comunidad académica nacional e internacional el Volumen 30, N.° 2 de Liberabit, Revista Peruana de Psicología, el cual está conformado por nueve artículos de investigación empírica y uno de investigación teórica.It is a pleasure to share with the national and international academic community Volume 30, No. 2 of Liberabit, Revista Peruana de Psicología, which is comprised of nine empirical research articles and one theoretical research article
Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Fear, and Anger in Children from Guanajuato After the Confinement Due to the Pandemic COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: The cognitive emotional regulation has a high impact on infants’ adaptation to their environment, this is why is essential their study. The maladaptive emotional regulation strategies can avoid achieve positive goals; whereas that adaptative emotional regulation has positive impact on the demands of the environment, including situations where the kids experience fear or intense anger. Objective: This work has as objective identify the possible relation between fear, anger and cognitive emotional regulation strategies considered maladaptive in 6 to 12 years old children after the pandemic COVID-19. Methods: The sample had 300 infants; age from 6 to 12, from Guanajuato state (Mexico). Results: It was found a high correlation positive between Positive reappraisal and Anger control (r = .47**), Rumination and Fear of the Violence (r = .43**), Rumination and Fear of the dead (r = .41**), Refocus on planning and Anger control (r = .38**), Self-blame and Temperament (r = .35**), Self-blame and Anger-out (r = .34**); and correlation high negative between Positive reappraisal and Anger-out (r = -.41**). Conclusion: It is necessary to do some intervention where the children learn how to use the most variety of cognitive emotional regulation strategies since they are using maladaptive strategies against the fear, like rumination in first place and followed by self-blame and blame to the others as the less one; adaptative strategies as refocused on plans and positive re-evaluation are bit used.Antecedentes: la regulación emocional cognitiva tiene un gran impacto en la adaptación de los infantes al entorno, motivo por lo que es primordial su estudio. Las estrategias de regulación emocional desadaptativas pueden llegar a impedir que las personas alcancen las metas; mientras que las adaptativas apoyan de manera efectiva las demandas del entorno, tal como las situaciones que les provocan miedo a los niños y niñas, así como la intensidad del enojo. Objetivo: identificar las posibles relaciones entre el miedo, el enojo y las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva consideradas desadaptativas en niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años después de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, la muestra fue de 300 infantes entre 6 y 12 años del Estado de Guanajuato. Resultados: se encontraron correlaciones altas y positivas entre las estrategias de reevaluación positiva y control del enojo (r = .47**), rumiación y miedo a la violencia (r = .43**), rumiación y miedo a la muerte (r = .41**), reenfocarse en los planes y control del enojo (r =.38**), autoculpa y temperamento (r = .35**), y autoculpa y enojo externo (r = .34**); y correlaciones altas y negativas entre reevaluación positiva y enojo externo (r = -.41**). Conclusión: es necesario llevar a cabo acciones de intervención con la finalidad de capacitar a los infantes en la utilización de una mayor variedad de estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva, ya que ante el miedo utilizan más estrategias desadaptativas, siendo la rumiación la que se relaciona cuando se encuentran ante dichas situaciones, seguida de la autoculpa y, en menor medida, culpar a otros; estrategias adaptativas como reenfocarse en los planes y la reevaluación positiva son poco utilizadas.Background: The cognitive emotional regulation has a high impact on infants’ adaptation to their environment, this is why is essential their study. The maladaptive emotional regulation strategies can avoid achieve positive goals; whereas that adaptative emotional regulation has positive impact on the demands of the environment, including situations where the kids experience fear or intense anger. Objective: This work has as objective identify the possible relation between fear, anger and cognitive emotional regulation strategies considered maladaptive in 6 to 12 years old children after the pandemic COVID-19. Methods: The sample had 300 infants; age from 6 to 12, from Guanajuato state (Mexico). Results: It was found a high correlation positive between Positive reappraisal and Anger control (r = .47**), Rumination and Fear of the Violence (r = .43**), Rumination and Fear of the dead (r = .41**), Refocus on planning and Anger control (r = .38**), Self-blame and Temperament (r = .35**), Self-blame and Anger-out (r = .34**); and correlation high negative between Positive reappraisal and Anger-out (r = -.41**). Conclusion: It is necessary to do some intervention where the children learn how to use the most variety of cognitive emotional regulation strategies since they are using maladaptive strategies against the fear, like rumination in first place and followed by self-blame and blame to the others as the less one; adaptative strategies as refocused on plans and positive re-evaluation are bit used
Factor Structure of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Is Different Across Sex in Adolescence
Get PDFBackground: Emotion regulation is a higher order process explaining several psychopathology presentations; on the other hand, self-efficacy facilitates emotion regulation because the results a person expects based on their regulation processes depend on their assessments about their performance using strategies for emotion regulation. Objective: The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale was culturally adapted to adolescents from Mexico, and its psychometric features were explored. Method: In group sessions, 652 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (56.5% female) answered to the scale and instruments measuring psychopathology, mindfulness, subjective happiness, and beliefs about the malleable nature of emotion. Results: A model comprising one first-order factor and one second-order factor grouping two factors showed the best fit to data in female adolescents; regarding male adolescents, a structure of two factors fit better to data. Conclusion: Evidence of construct validity was found for the Mexican version of the scale aimed at the adolescent population.Antecedentes: la regulación emocional es un proceso supraordenado que explica diversas manifestaciones psicopatológicas. Por su parte, la autoeficacia facilita la regulación emocional, ya que los resultados que la persona anticipa de sus procesos regulatorios dependen de los juicios que haga sobre su desempeño al emplear las estrategias de regulación emocional. Objetivo: se adaptó culturalmente a los adolescentes de México la Escala de autoeficacia de la regulación emocional y se exploraron sus características psicométricas. Método: en sesiones grupales, 652 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años (56.5% mujeres) cumplimentaron la escala junto con instrumentos para medir psicopatología, atención plena, felicidad subjetiva y creencias sobre la naturaleza maleable de la emoción. Resultados: un modelo de un factor de primer orden y uno de segundo orden que englobaba dos factores mostró el mejor ajuste a los datos de las adolescentes; en el caso de los adolescentes varones, ajustó mejor a los datos una estructura de dos factores. Conclusión: se halló evidencia de la validez de constructo en relación con la versión mexicana de la escala dirigida a la población adolescente.Background: Emotion regulation is a higher order process explaining several psychopathology presentations; on the other hand, self-efficacy facilitates emotion regulation because the results a person expects based on their regulation processes depend on their assessments about their performance using strategies for emotion regulation. Objective: The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale was culturally adapted to adolescents from Mexico, and its psychometric features were explored. Method: In group sessions, 652 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (56.5% female) answered to the scale and instruments measuring psychopathology, mindfulness, subjective happiness, and beliefs about the malleable nature of emotion. Results: A model comprising one first-order factor and one second-order factor grouping two factors showed the best fit to data in female adolescents; regarding male adolescents, a structure of two factors fit better to data. Conclusion: Evidence of construct validity was found for the Mexican version of the scale aimed at the adolescent population