LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana de Psicología
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A Friendly Guide to Psychometrics: Exploratory Factor Analysis
Get PDFBackgrounds: One of the most important procedures for the analysis of the internal structure of a psychological assessment instrument is exploratory factor analysis. However, its use is often based on procedures that have already been surpassed, both at the theoretical and methodological level, and whose application in these conditions would represent a serious threat to the scientific validity of the findings presented. State of art: The conceptual and methodological bases of exploratory factor analysis are presented in a user-friendly way to the novice reader in psychometric topics, from the selection of the appropriate correlation matrix to the naming of the factors, in order to guide him in the decision-making process. Conclusion: Decision-making within each analysis can lead to results that are more or less reliable from a psychometric point of view, so it is essential to carry out an analysis plan that takes into account all the characteristics of the instrument to be studied.Antecedentes: uno de los procedimientos más destacados para el análisis de la estructura interna de un instrumento de evaluación psicológica es el análisis factorial exploratorio. No obstante, su uso muchas veces se sustenta en procedimientos que ya fueron superados, tanto a nivel teórico como metodológico, y cuya aplicación en esas condiciones representaría una seria amenaza para la validez científica de los hallazgos presentados. Estado del arte: se presenta de forma amigable al lector neófito en temas de psicometría las bases conceptuales y metodológicas del análisis factorial exploratorio, desde la selección de la matriz de correlaciones apropiada hasta la denominación de los factores, a fin de orientarlo en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Conclusiones: la toma de decisiones dentro de cada análisis puede conducir a resultados más o menos confiables desde el punto de vista psicométrico, por lo que es fundamental realizar un plan de análisis que contemple todas las características del instrumento que se estudiará.Backgrounds: One of the most important procedures for the analysis of the internal structure of a psychological assessment instrument is exploratory factor analysis. However, its use is often based on procedures that have already been surpassed, both at the theoretical and methodological level, and whose application in these conditions would represent a serious threat to the scientific validity of the findings presented. State of art: The conceptual and methodological bases of exploratory factor analysis are presented in a user-friendly way to the novice reader in psychometric topics, from the selection of the appropriate correlation matrix to the naming of the factors, in order to guide him in the decision-making process. Conclusion: Decision-making within each analysis can lead to results that are more or less reliable from a psychometric point of view, so it is essential to carry out an analysis plan that takes into account all the characteristics of the instrument to be studied
Aged Caregivers in COVID-19: Geriatric Depression and Anxiety Prevalence Related to Psychosocial Characteristics
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic affected aged family caregivers’ access to support resources, increasing the burden of care due to psychological distress. Objective: To describe the prevalence of geriatric depression and anxiety in older adult family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with psychosocial characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional study including 180 family caregivers replying to an online sociodemographic data questionnaire, GAD-7 and GDS-VE scales. Results: Caregivers’ median age was 66 years, 81% female, 71% employed, 57% parents or brothers/sisters and lived with the relative. The prevalence of geriatric depression and anxiety was 46% and 71%, respectively. Anxiety levels were associated with cohabitation with the patient (OR 2.44). A trend between female sex and the presence of anxiety (OR 2.41) was observed. An association was also found between cohabitation with the patient and depression (OR 1.92). Cohabitation with the patient significantly increased the risk of depression (OR 2.22). Conclusions: Cohabitation with the patient was associated with depression and onset of anxiety symptoms, remarkably in femalcaregivers.Antecedentes: el COVID-19 afectó el acceso de los cuidadores familiares adultos mayores a los recursos de apoyo, aumentando la sobrecarga debida al estrés por la situación de cuidado. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de depresión geriátrica y ansiedad en adultos mayores cuidadores durante el COVID-19 y su asociación con características psicosociales. Método: estudio transversal sobre 180 cuidadores familiares. Se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y las escalas GAD-7 y GDS-VE.
Resultados: la edad media de los cuidadores fue de 66 años, 81% mujeres, 71% trabajaba, 57% padres o hermanos/as y vivía con el familiar. La prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad geriátrica fue de 46% y 71%, respectivamente. Los niveles de ansiedad se asociaron con la cohabitación con el paciente (OR 2.44). Se observó una tendencia entre el sexo femenino y la presencia de ansiedad (OR 2.41). También se encontró una asociación entre la cohabitación con el paciente y la depresión (OR 1.92). La cohabitación con el paciente aumentó significativamente el riesgo de depresión (OR 2.22). Conclusiones: la convivencia con el paciente se asoció con el riesgo de depresión y la aparición de síntomas de ansiedad, más marcadamente en cuidadoras.Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected aged family caregivers’ access to support resources, increasing the burden of care due to psychological distress. Objective: To describe the prevalence of geriatric depression and anxiety in older adult family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with psychosocial characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional study including 180 family caregivers replying to an online sociodemographic data questionnaire, GAD-7 and GDS-VE scales. Results: Caregivers’ median age was 66 years, 81% female, 71% employed, 57% parents or brothers/sisters and lived with the relative. The prevalence of geriatric depression and anxiety was 46% and 71%, respectively. Anxiety levels were associated with cohabitation with the patient (OR 2.44). A trend between female sex and the presence of anxiety (OR 2.41) was observed. An association was also found between cohabitation with the patient and depression (OR 1.92). Cohabitation with the patient significantly increased the risk of depression (OR 2.22). Conclusions: Cohabitation with the patient was associated with depression and onset of anxiety symptoms, remarkably in femalcaregivers
Psychometric Properties of the Relationship Satisfaction Scale (SCR) in Emerging Adults
Get PDFBackground: Couple relationships are fundamental in human development, influencing emotional well-being and quality of life. Emerging adulthood (18-29 years) is characterized by the search for identity and the formation of stable affective bonds. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the adapted version of the SCR in emerging adults of Ñuble. Method: Quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional and ex post facto exploratory study, with a sample of 212 emerging adults obtained by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Satisfaction was evaluated with a 4-point Likert scale, measuring the degree of agreement with each statement. Results: The adapted scale showed high content validity (CVI = 1.00) and high internal reliability (α = .90). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the structure obtained, with adequate fit indices (CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .07), confirming the consistency of the model. Conclusion: Hypothesis H1 is supported, the adapted SCR scale is valid and reliable to assess satisfaction in relationships in emerging adults in Ñuble, in coherence with previous studies.Antecedentes: las relaciones de pareja son fundamentales en el desarrollo humano, influyendo en el bienestar emocional y la calidad de vida. La adultez emergente (18-29 años) se caracteriza por la búsqueda de identidad y la formación de vínculos afectivos estables. Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión adaptada de la SCR en adultos emergentes de Ñuble. Método: estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal con una muestra de 212 adultos emergentes obtenida mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La satisfacción se evaluó con una escala Likert de 4 puntos, midiendo el grado de acuerdo con cada afirmación. Resultados: la escala adaptada mostró alta validez de contenido (IVC = 1.00) y confiabilidad interna elevada (α = .90). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) validó la estructura obtenida, con índices de ajuste adecuados (CFI = .98; TLI = .97; RMSEA = .07), confirmando la coherencia del modelo. Conclusión: se respalda la hipótesis H1, la escala SCR adaptada es válida y confiable para evaluar la satisfacción en relaciones de pareja en adultos emergentes de Ñuble, en coherencia con estudios previos.Background: Couple relationships are fundamental in human development, influencing emotional well-being and quality of life. Emerging adulthood (18-29 years) is characterized by the search for identity and the formation of stable affective bonds. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the adapted version of the SCR in emerging adults of Ñuble. Method: Quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional and ex post facto exploratory study, with a sample of 212 emerging adults obtained by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Satisfaction was evaluated with a 4-point Likert scale, measuring the degree of agreement with each statement. Results: The adapted scale showed high content validity (CVI = 1.00) and high internal reliability (α = .90). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the structure obtained, with adequate fit indices (CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .07), confirming the consistency of the model. Conclusion: Hypothesis H1 is supported, the adapted SCR scale is valid and reliable to assess satisfaction in relationships in emerging adults in Ñuble, in coherence with previous studies
Invalidating childhood environment, adult distress, and emotional regulation: A mediational model
No full textBackground: Studies indicate that the invalidating environment experienced by adults in childhood is associated with distress; recent findings suggest that this relationship could be mediated by emotional regulation. Objective: To explore whether emotional regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) mediate the relationship between two types of invalidating childhood environments (paternal and maternal) and distress in university students. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 312 adults from a university in Lima. The mean age of study participants was 22.4 years, and 70.82% were women. The Short Version of the ICES Scale, the Simplified Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA-9), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) were used. Mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) using estimation maximum likelihood robust (MLR) and the bootstrap technique (5000 samples). Results: An indirect effect of the invalidating childhood environment on distress was found through expressive suppression, which was significant for maternal and paternal childhood invalidation; however, cognitive reappraisal did not show a significant effect as a mediating variable. Conclusion: Maternal and paternal childhood invalidation is associated with greater distress, partially explained by expressive suppression.Antecedentes: estudios indican que el entorno de invalidación sufrido por el adulto en su infancia presenta una asociación con el distrés psicológico; hallazgos recientes sugieren que esta relación podría estar mediada por la regulación emocional. Objetivo: explorar si las estrategias de regulación emocional (reevaluación cognitiva y supresión expresiva) median la relación entre dos tipos de ambiente invalidante infantil (paternal y maternal) y el distrés en universitarios. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 312 adultos de una universidad de Lima, la edad media de los participantes del estudio fue de 22.4 años y el 70.82% fueron mujeres. Se empleó la Short Version of the ICES Scale, el Simplified Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA-9) y el Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). El análisis de mediación se realizó con el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), usando una estimación robusta (MLR) y la técnica bootstrap (5000 muestras). Resultados: se evidenció que existe un efecto indirecto del ambiente invalidante infantil sobre el distrés a través de la supresión expresiva, el cual fue significativo en la invalidación infantil paternal y maternal; sin embargo, la reevaluación cognitiva no mostró un efecto significativo como variable mediadora. Conclusión: la invalidación infantil maternal y paternal se asocian con un mayor distrés, explicándose parcialmente por la supresión expresiva.Background: Studies indicate that the invalidating environment experienced by adults in childhood is associated with distress; recent findings suggest that this relationship could be mediated by emotional regulation. Objective: To explore whether emotional regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) mediate the relationship between two types of invalidating childhood environments (paternal and maternal) and distress in university students. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 312 adults from a university in Lima. The mean age of study participants was 22.4 years, and 70.82% were women. The Short Version of the ICES Scale, the Simplified Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA-9), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) were used. Mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) using estimation maximum likelihood robust (MLR) and the bootstrap technique (5000 samples). Results: An indirect effect of the invalidating childhood environment on distress was found through expressive suppression, which was significant for maternal and paternal childhood invalidation; however, cognitive reappraisal did not show a significant effect as a mediating variable. Conclusion: Maternal and paternal childhood invalidation is associated with greater distress, partially explained by expressive suppression
Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Antifeminist Attitudes
Get PDFBackground: One of the consequences of the widespread growth of feminism in the West has been the emergence of reactionary movements. These anti-feminist movements, with intense participation among young men, affirm that feminism seeks to violate male rights while reinforcing sexist and misogynistic ideals. Some people may oppose feminism due to misunderstandings about its goals, while others may hold more deeply rooted beliefs against gender equality. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are few works in general dedicated to tracing the attitudes that sustain antifeminism. Objective: The present study, conducted in Argentina, aims to build and validate an Antifeminist Attitudes Scale in Rioplatense Spanish. Method: The sample consisted of a total of 2171 subjects. A test was conducted to explore factors in one sample, followed by confirmatory analysis in another sample. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating with the Gender Role Identity scale, and gender disparities in antifeminist attitudes were examined. Results: The scale demonstrates an optimal degree of fit, good convergent validity, and a significant difference between men and women about the constructed scale. Results showed that men (vs. women) had higher scores in anti-feminism. Conclusion: he article presents the development and validation of a tool designed to assess antifeminist attitudes.Antecedentes: una de las consecuencias del crecimiento generalizado del feminismo en Occidente ha sido la aparición de movimientos reaccionarios. Estos movimientos antifeministas, con una intensa participación de jóvenes varones, afirman que el feminismo busca violar los derechos masculinos mientras refuerzan ideales sexistas y misóginos. Algunas personas pueden oponerse al feminismo debido a malentendidos sobre sus objetivos, mientras que otras pueden tener creencias más arraigadas en contra de la igualdad de género. A pesar de la relevancia del tema, existen pocos estudios dedicados a rastrear las actitudes que sostienen el antifeminismo. Objetivo: el presente estudio, realizado en Argentina, tiene como objetivo construir y validar una escala de actitudes antifeministas en español rioplatense. Método: la muestra consistió en un total de 2171 sujetos. Se realizó una prueba para explorar factores en una muestra, seguida de un análisis confirmatorio en otra. Se evaluó la validez convergente correlacionando con la escala de identidad de rol de género, y se examinaron las disparidades de género en las actitudes antifeministas. Resultados: la escala demuestra un grado óptimo de ajuste, buena validez convergente y una diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres respecto a la escala construida. Conclusión: los resultados mostraron que los hombres (vs. mujeres) obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en antifeminismo.Background: One of the consequences of the widespread growth of feminism in the West has been the emergence of reactionary movements. These anti-feminist movements, with intense participation among young men, affirm that feminism seeks to violate male rights while reinforcing sexist and misogynistic ideals. Some people may oppose feminism due to misunderstandings about its goals, while others may hold more deeply rooted beliefs against gender equality. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are few works in general dedicated to tracing the attitudes that sustain antifeminism. Objective: The present study, conducted in Argentina, aims to build and validate an Antifeminist Attitudes Scale in Rioplatense Spanish. Method: The sample consisted of a total of 2171 subjects. A test was conducted to explore factors in one sample, followed by confirmatory analysis in another sample. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating with the Gender Role Identity scale, and gender disparities in antifeminist attitudes were examined. Results: The scale demonstrates an optimal degree of fit, good convergent validity, and a significant difference between men and women about the constructed scale. Results showed that men (vs. women) had higher scores in anti-feminism. Conclusion: he article presents the development and validation of a tool designed to assess antifeminist attitudes
Analysis of the B-YAACQ in Alcohol Consumers Using Item Response Theory
Get PDFBackground: The B-YAACQ is an instrument with a dichotomous response format that assesses alcohol consumption consequences. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate its psychometric properties and potential utility as a polytomous measure. Method: A sample of 691 Peruvian university students who reported alcohol use in the past twelve, six, three, or one month was collected. Analyses included: (1) a nonparametric item response theory (IRT) model using kernel smoothing (KS-IRT); (2) a graded response model (GRM) accounting for differential item functioning (DIF) by participant gender; and (3) a predictive model of alcohol consequences based on depression scores in a risk subgroup (n = 414). Results: The KS-IRT model supported a three-category response format as optimal. The GRM revealed high discrimination parameters for all items (a > 1.4). DIF analysis identified non-invariance in items 1, 14, and 19. Finally, depression significantly predicted alcohol-related consequences. Conclusion: The B-YAACQ demonstrates a unidimensional structure with favorable psychometric properties.Antecedentes: el B-YAACQ es un instrumento con opción de respuesta dicotómica que mide las consecuencias de consumo de alcohol. Objetivo: evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas y su posible empleo como medida politómica. Método: se recolectó una muestra de 691 universitarios peruanos que declaran haber consumido alcohol durante los últimos doce, seis, tres meses o en el último mes. Se desarrolló (1) un modelo de teoría de respuesta al ítem (TRI) no paramétrico con un procedimiento kernel smoothing (KS-TRI) y, posteriormente, (2) un modelo TRI de respuesta graduada (MRG) con tratamiento del funcionamiento diferencial del ítem (DIF) según el género de los participantes. Adicionalmente, se planteó (3) un modelo predictivo de las consecuencias del consumo de alcohol a partir de una medida de depresión en un grupo de riesgo (n = 414). Resultados: el modelo no paramétrico KS-TRI reflejó como más adecuada la opción de respuesta con tres categorías. En el modelo de respuesta graduada se hallaron parámetros elevados de discriminación en todos los ítems (a > 1.4). El tratamiento del DIF evidenció la no invarianza en los ítems 1, 14 y 19. Finalmente, se encontró que la depresión predice las consecuencias de consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: el B-YAACQ refleja una estructura unidimensional con características psicométricas favorables.Background: The B-YAACQ is an instrument with a dichotomous response format that assesses alcohol consumption consequences. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate its psychometric properties and potential utility as a polytomous measure. Method: A sample of 691 Peruvian university students who reported alcohol use in the past twelve, six, three, or one month was collected. Analyses included: (1) a nonparametric item response theory (IRT) model using kernel smoothing (KS-IRT); (2) a graded response model (GRM) accounting for differential item functioning (DIF) by participant gender; and (3) a predictive model of alcohol consequences based on depression scores in a risk subgroup (n = 414). Results: The KS-IRT model supported a three-category response format as optimal. The GRM revealed high discrimination parameters for all items (a > 1.4). DIF analysis identified non-invariance in items 1, 14, and 19. Finally, depression significantly predicted alcohol-related consequences. Conclusion: The B-YAACQ demonstrates a unidimensional structure with favorable psychometric properties
Subjective Theories about the Artificial Intelligence ‘ChatGPT’ and its Relationship with Teaching, Learning, and Professional Identity of Pedagogy Students
No full textBackground: Artificial intelligence has impacted various field, incluiding education. ChatGPT, in particular, has sparked debate about its influence on teaching, learning, and profesional Identity in educators. Objectives: This study describes and interprets subjetive theories about ChatGPT and its relationship with teaching, learning, and professional identity in pedagogy students. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative case study desing was employed. Ten pedagogy students from a chilean university participated, selected through theorical sampling. Episodic interviews were conductec, and data were analyzed using thematic, axial, and selective coding. Results: Subjetive theories identified highlight ChatGPT’s potential as a teaching and learning support tool, as well as concerns regarding its impact on professional identity and learning autonomy. Conclusions: This subjectivity of future teachers, wich may guide the development of ethical and effective strategies for its use in teacher training.Antecedentes: La inteligencia artificial ha impactado en diversos ámbitos, incluida la educación. ChatGPT, en particular, ha generado debate sobre su influencia en la enseñanza, aprendizaje e identidad profesional docente. Objetivos: se describen e interpretan las teorías subjetivas sobre ChatGPT y su relación con la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la identidad profesional en estudiantes de pedagogía. Método: se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo e interpretativo con diseño de estudio de casos. Participación 10 estudiantes de pedagogía de una universidad chilena, quienes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo teórico. Se aplicación entrevistas episódicas y los datos fueron analizados mediante codificación temática, axial y selectiva. Resultados: Se identificaron teorías subjetivas que destacan el potencial de ChatGPT como herramienta de apoyo docente y de aprendizaje, así como preocupaciones sobre su impacto en la identidad profesional y la autonomía en el aprendizaje. Conclusiones: El estudio aporta una comprensión del papel de ChatGPT en la educación y su impacto en la subjetividad de futuros docentes, lo que puede orientar el desarrollo de estrategias para su uso ético y efectivo en la formación docente.Background: Artificial intelligence has impacted various field, incluiding education. ChatGPT, in particular, has sparked debate about its influence on teaching, learning, and profesional Identity in educators. Objectives: This study describes and interprets subjetive theories about ChatGPT and its relationship with teaching, learning, and professional identity in pedagogy students. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative case study desing was employed. Ten pedagogy students from a chilean university participated, selected through theorical sampling. Episodic interviews were conductec, and data were analyzed using thematic, axial, and selective coding. Results: Subjetive theories identified highlight ChatGPT’s potential as a teaching and learning support tool, as well as concerns regarding its impact on professional identity and learning autonomy. Conclusions: This subjectivity of future teachers, wich may guide the development of ethical and effective strategies for its use in teacher training
Assessment Tool for Targeted Parents of Parental Alienation (PA): Construction and Validation
Get PDFBackground: This study is a first approach to the assessment of parental alienation from the perspective of alienated (targeted) parents. Parental alienation is a phenomenon that occurs during or after separation or divorce when one parent use strategies to hinder the relationship between their children and the other parent resulting in children hating and rejecting to the targeted parent with no reason (in absence of violence or negligence exerted by the alienated parent). Objective: The Aim of this study was to build an instrument that identifies cases and measures parental alienation from the perspective of alienated (targeted) parents. Method: A quantitative methodology with instrumental design was used and 291 parents from Arica in Chile participated. A factor analysis was performed with Maximum Likelihood extraction method, Varimax rotation and reliability analysis. Results: An assessment tool of 20 ítems ordered in three factors was obtained identifying controlling and violent behaviors by the ex-partner, alienating behaviours perpetrated by the alienating parent and alienating behaviours perpetrated by the alienated child. The assessment tool showed a McDonald´s omega = .939. The three factors showed high scores as well. Conclusion: The results suggest that the AP-Alienated Scale has values that make it valid and reliable. Also, parental alienation is a form of family violence.Antecedentes: este estudio es una primera aproximación a la evaluación de la Alienación Parental (AP) desde la perspectiva de padres y madres alienados. La AP es un fenómeno que se observa en los procesos de separación o divorcio y ocurre cuando uno de los progenitores interviene para que los hijos rechacen u odien al otro progenitor en ausencia de violencia o negligencia ejercida por el progenitor alienado. Objetivo: construir un instrumento que permita identificar casos y medir la AP desde la perspectiva de los padres y madres alienados. Método: se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con diseño instrumental exploratorio y participaron 291 padres y madres separados o divorciados de la ciudad de Arica, Chile. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con método de extracción de máxima similitud con rotación Varimax y análisis de confiabilidad, obteniendo el coeficiente de omega de McDonalds. Resultados: se obtuvo una escala de 20 ítems ordenados en tres factores que identifican conductas de control y violencia por parte de la expareja, conductas específicamente alienantes por parte de la expareja y conductas alienantes por parte del hijo(a). La escala total mostró un coeficiente omega de McDonalds = .939, y cada factor también mostró ser altamente confiable. Conclusión: la escala AP-alienados sugiere ser válida y confiable evidenciando que la alienación parental se manifiesta como una forma de violencia doméstica.Background: This study is a first approach to the assessment of parental alienation from the perspective of alienated (targeted) parents. Parental alienation is a phenomenon that occurs during or after separation or divorce when one parent use strategies to hinder the relationship between their children and the other parent resulting in children hating and rejecting to the targeted parent with no reason (in absence of violence or negligence exerted by the alienated parent). Objective: The Aim of this study was to build an instrument that identifies cases and measures parental alienation from the perspective of alienated (targeted) parents. Method: A quantitative methodology with instrumental design was used and 291 parents from Arica in Chile participated. A factor analysis was performed with Maximum Likelihood extraction method, Varimax rotation and reliability analysis. Results: An assessment tool of 20 ítems ordered in three factors was obtained identifying controlling and violent behaviors by the ex-partner, alienating behaviours perpetrated by the alienating parent and alienating behaviours perpetrated by the alienated child. The assessment tool showed a McDonald´s omega = .939. The three factors showed high scores as well. Conclusion: The results suggest that the AP-Alienated Scale has values that make it valid and reliable. Also, parental alienation is a form of family violence
Social Representations of the Professional Practice of Psychologistsin Institutionalized Childhood
Get PDFBackground: The psychologist’s practice in the vulnerable childhood field shows modifications in accordance with the specific normative which affect the social thinking of the professional work. Objective: To analyze the social representations about the professional practice of psychologists in the field of institutionalized children, from their perspective and the members of the technical teams. Method: Qualitative approach, phenomenological design. The instruments used were hierarchical evocations test and semi structured interview. Participate 31 professionals: 12 psychologists, 7 social workers, 6 graduates in childhood and 6 lawyers from Alternative Care Center, Mendoza. Results: It was possible to establish the representational structure of psychologists work and that of each group. Convergence was found regarding specific characteristics such absence of clinical intervention, the non-role specific tasks and teamwork. There was no convergence regarding the role because the other professional maintain unsatisfied expectations about the fulfillment of the clinical usual tasks. Conclusions: The psychologists of institutionalized children role describes a specific field of disciplinary practice that stressed and renews the traditional one, expanding the representation of its functions in the regulations and in the collective.Antecedentes: el ejercicio del psicólogo en materia de infancias vulnerables muestra modificaciones conforme al marco normativo del trabajo que afectan el pensamiento social del quehacer profesional. Objetivo: analizar las representaciones sociales del ejercicio profesional del psicólogo/a del ámbito de la niñez institucionalizada, desde su perspectiva y de los miembros de los equipos técnicos. Método: enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test de evocaciones jerarquizadas y la entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron 31 profesionales: 12 psicólogos/as, 7 trabajadoras sociales, 6 licenciadas en niñez y 6 abogados, que forman el 70% de los graduados de la Dirección de Cuidados Alternativos, de la provincia de Mendoza. Resultados: se pudo establecer la estructura representacional que los psicólogos/as tienen sobre su labor y la de cada grupo de profesionales. Se encontró convergencia en las características específicas del trabajo, como la ausencia de intervención clínica, la realización de tareas no específicas del rol y el abordaje en equipo. No hubo convergencia respecto al rol, ya que los técnicos de otras profesiones mantienen expectativas insatisfechas sobre el cumplimiento de las tareas clínicas clásicas. Conclusiones: el rol del psicólogo/a de infancias vulneradas describe un campo específico del hacer disciplinar que tensiona y renueva la práctica tradicional ampliando la representación de sus funciones en la normativa y en el colectivo.Background: The psychologist’s practice in the vulnerable childhood field shows modifications in accordance with the specific normative which affect the social thinking of the professional work. Objective: To analyze the social representations about the professional practice of psychologists in the field of institutionalized children, from their perspective and the members of the technical teams. Method: Qualitative approach, phenomenological design. The instruments used were hierarchical evocations test and semi structured interview. Participate 31 professionals: 12 psychologists, 7 social workers, 6 graduates in childhood and 6 lawyers from Alternative Care Center, Mendoza. Results: It was possible to establish the representational structure of psychologists work and that of each group. Convergence was found regarding specific characteristics such absence of clinical intervention, the non-role specific tasks and teamwork. There was no convergence regarding the role because the other professional maintain unsatisfied expectations about the fulfillment of the clinical usual tasks. Conclusions: The psychologists of institutionalized children role describes a specific field of disciplinary practice that stressed and renews the traditional one, expanding the representation of its functions in the regulations and in the collective
Creativity, academic performance and family in adolescence: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: the subject of creativity is complex and its study in adolescence is of great interest due to the various variables linked to the development process of both phenomena. State of the art: this systematic review has two aims: first, to explore the relationship between creativity and academic performance in adolescents, and second, to analyse the influence of the family environment in general and parental styles in particular, on the development of creativity at this stage. The following databases are used as sources of information: Dialnet, Eric, Scopus and Web of Science. The review covers the period from 2000 to 2024. The results suggest that most of the studies find a positive relationship between the variables of academic performance and creativity, with some of them pointing to the predictive value of creativity on academic performance, as well as the influence that the family environment has on the development of creative potential. With respect to parental styles, the democratic style is the one that most favours the development of creativity as opposed to the authoritarian one. Conclusions: the teaching of creativity in adolescence is fundamental, as is the design of educational programmes that promote the comprehensive development of students.Antecedentes: la temática de la creatividad es compleja y su estudio en la adolescencia tiene gran interés debido a las diversas variables vinculadas en el proceso evolutivo de ambos fenómenos. Estado del arte: esta revisión sistemática tiene dos objetivos, por un lado, explorar la relación de la creatividad y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes, y por otro, analizar la influencia del entorno familiar en general y los estilos parentales en particular, en el desarrollo de la creatividad en esta etapa. Se utilizan como fuentes de información las bases de datos: Dialnet, Eric, Scopus y Web of Science. La revisión abarca desde el año 2000 al 2024. Los resultados sugieren que la mayoría de los estudios encuentran una relación positiva entre las variables de rendimiento académico y creatividad, apuntando algunos de ellos el valor predictivo de la creatividad sobre el rendimiento académico; así como, la influencia que el entorno familiar tiene en el desarrollo del potencial creativo. Respecto a los estilos parentales, el democrático es el que más favorece el desarrollo de la creatividad frente al autoritario. Conclusiones: la enseñanza de la creatividad en la adolescencia es fundamental y el diseño de programas educativos que fomenten el desarrollo integral del alumnado.Background: the subject of creativity is complex and its study in adolescence is of great interest due to the various variables linked to the development process of both phenomena. State of the art: this systematic review has two aims: first, to explore the relationship between creativity and academic performance in adolescents, and second, to analyse the influence of the family environment in general and parental styles in particular, on the development of creativity at this stage. The following databases are used as sources of information: Dialnet, Eric, Scopus and Web of Science. The review covers the period from 2000 to 2024. The results suggest that most of the studies find a positive relationship between the variables of academic performance and creativity, with some of them pointing to the predictive value of creativity on academic performance, as well as the influence that the family environment has on the development of creative potential. With respect to parental styles, the democratic style is the one that most favours the development of creativity as opposed to the authoritarian one. Conclusions: the teaching of creativity in adolescence is fundamental, as is the design of educational programmes that promote the comprehensive development of students