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Legal framework for the accession to the World Trade Organization
Get PDFIako je postupak pristupanja Svetskoj trgovinskoj organizaciji veoma složen i zahtevan, njega suštinski uređuje samo jedna odredba Sporazuma o osnivanju STO, dok je od posrednog značaja za ovo pitanje još nekoliko odredaba tog sporazuma. U takvoj situaciji, mnogi aspekti postupka pridruživanja uređeni su praksom koja, koliko God da je do sada bila generalno homogena, ipak pokazuje određene značajne izuzetke i odstupanja u pojedinim slučajevima. Imajući u vidu takvo stanje prava u pogledu uređenja okvira pristupanja STO, ovaj rad detaljno razmatra pravne izvore merodavne za postupak pristupanja, objašnjava i analizira postupak pristupanja i način definisanja materijalnopravnih uslova pristupanja i upoređuje ih sa opštim međunarodnopravnim standardima pristupanja međunarodnim organizacijama. Zaključuje se da neodređenost propisa koji definišu pravni okvir pristupanja STO sa jedne strane omogućava Organizaciji i kandidatu fleksibilnost i otvara put za iznalaženje uslova pristupanja koji će u najvećoj meri odgovarati prilikama, potrebama i mogućnostima kandidata ali i da, sa druge strane, TA neodređenost može da stvori pravnu nesigurnost kako na strani kandidata, tako i na strani Organizacije. Premda bi nešto preciznije postavljanje uslova pristupanja verovatno bilo od koristi preostalim kandidatima za članstvo, barem u pogledu poboljšanja pravne sigurnosti i povećanja predvidljivosti toka i ishoda pregovora o pristupanju, veoma je malo verovatno da će Organizacija promeniti svoju praksu u ovom pogledu, koja je suštinski ostala ista još iz vremena primene GATT-a 1947.Despite its remarkable complexity, the process of accession to the World Trade Organization is essentially governed by only one provision of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. Additionally, a few more provisions of the said Agreement bear indirect impact on the issue of accession. Consequently, many aspects of the accession process are governed by practice which, as homogenous as it may be, nevertheless shows certain exceptions in some cases. Thus, this paper presents the sources of law for the accession to the WTO, explains and analyzes the accession process and the way in which the substantive requirements for the accession (i.e. the terms of accession) are defined and contrasts them to the general standards of accession to international organizations. The author concludes that the lack of precision of the provisions governing the accession gives a possibility to the Organization and to the candidate to be flexible in defining the terms of accession that will best fit the situation, the needs and the economic capabilities of the candidate. However, that lack of precision may also jeopardize the principle of legal certainty and foreseeability of the development of the accession process, as well as of its outcomes. Although it could be argued that more precision in defining the legal framework to the accession to the WTO could prove to be beneficial for the remaining candidates, it is highly unlikely that the current practice will be amended as it is more or less consistently applied since the times of GATT 1947
Non-pecuniary loss of legal persons
Get PDFOvaj rad istražuje mogućnost i opravdanost priznavanja prava na naknadu neimovinske štete pravnim licima. Usled specifičnog shvatanja neimovinske štete kao patnje oštećenika i pratećeg shvatanja o ličnom zadovoljenju kao cilju novčane naknade, u srpskom pravu pravna lica nemaju pravo na naknadu za povredu neimovinskih interesa. Autor kritikuje ovakvo rešenje i ukazuje na potrebu da se neimovinskim interesima pravnih lica prizna zaštita u okviru odštetnog prava. Autor zasniva svoju kritiku na uporednopravnom istraživanju i teorijskim stavovima o funkcijama novčane naknade neimovinske štete. U radu se takođe ukazuje na opasnost za slobodu govora koja bi nastala kada bi država i nosioci javnih ovlašćenja imali mogućnost da traže naknadu neimovinske štete.This article examines the possibility and legitimacy of accepting the right of legal persons to claim damages for non-pecuniary loss. Because of a specific understanding of non-pecuniary loss as the suffering of the victim and the corresponding understanding of satisfaction as the main goal of awarding damages, Serbian law does not allow legal persons to claim damages for injury of their non-pecuniary interests. The author criticizes this solution and shows the need of protecting non-pecuniary interests of legal persons within tort law. The author bases his views on comparative research and theoretical views on the functions of damages for non-pecuniary loss. Danger for the freedom of speech which might arise if the state and public bodies had the right to claim damages for non-pecuniary loss is also discussed
Buyer power and its role in merger control
Get PDFPredmet ovog rada je analiza instituta moći kupca u kontekstu kontrole koncentracija, pre svega horizontalnih. Najpre će biti analizirane različite koncepcije moći kupca, odnosno definicije ovog pojma u američkom, evropskom, britanskom i nemačkom pravu konkurencije. Potom će biti izdvojeni neki zajednički kriterijumi za utvrđivanje postojanja moći kupca, kao što su: veličina kupca; značaj kupca za dobavljača; mogućnost promene dobavljača, vertikalne integracije ili pomaganja ulaska novog učesnika na tržištu; mogućnost odlaganja porudžbina ili prestanka kupovine drugih proizvoda od dobavljača; i postojanje podsticaja da se moć kupca ispolji. Najzad, ukratko će biti predstavljene značajnije odluke donete u postupku kontrole koncentracija u pravu Evropske unije, u kojima je pitanje moći kupca bilo podrobnije analizirano od strane Evropske komisije. Ove odluke mogu poslužiti kao svojevrsna smernica i domaćem telu za zaštitu konkurencije.The present paper examines the concept of countervailing buyer power in merger control (particularly with respect to horizontal mergers). The paper starts with the analysis of buyer power phenomenon in US, EU, German and UK competition law. Following this analysis, several common criteria for identification of countervailing buyer power have been forwarded: buyer size; importance of buyer to the seller; possibility to switch suppliers, sponsor entry or integrate upstream; ability to refuse to buy other products or delay purchases; and incentives to use buyer power. Finally, the paper addresses several decisions in which the European Commission thoroughly analyzed the existence of countervailing buyer power. These decisions could serve as guidelines to the Serbian Competition Authority in future similar cases
Amendments to the Serbian Law on Local Self- Government 2018-Goals and Achievements
No full textThe paper analyzes the constitutional and legal foundations of local self-government in Serbia. The long-awaited reform of local self-government had two aspects: the correction of technical errors and alignment with the amendments to other laws, as well as the adoption of amendments related to the essence of local self-government. The second aspect mainly covered four issues: the competencies of local self-government, local self-government bodies, the position of the local community and the cooperation between units of local self-government. This reform, however, did not meet expectations, as it did not adequately solve any of the five key problems of local self-government in Serbia
Girl's crime in Belgrade: Study of subgroups identification
Get PDFPredmet rada je teorijska i empirijska analiza kriminaliteta maloletnica, tačnije ispitivanje da li među maloletnim prestupnicama može da se napravi klasifikacija između agresivnih i onih koje to nisu. Rad je zasnovan na istraživanju koje je sprovedeno za period 2009-2019. godine za područje Beograda, a podaci su za ukupno 59 maloletnica prikupljeni u centrima za socijalni rad u četiri beogradske opštine. U kriminološkoj literaturi pravi se razlika između agresije i nasilja, a istraživanje je sprovedeno tako da ukaže na eventualne razlike između agresivnih i neagresivnih maloletnica, kao i nasilnih i nenasilnih. Rezultati ukazuju da se prva klasifikacija ispostavila kao relevantnija na planu uspostavljanja razlika između maloletnih prestupnica. Agresivne maloletnice ostvarivale su lošije rezultate u odnosu na neagresivne u pogledu više testiranih nezavisnih varijabli na tri nivoa posmatranja: individualni, porodični i socijalni.The paper theoretically and empirically analyzes girl's crime and especially is oriented toward possible identifying of two distinct subgroups of girls offenders: aggressive and nonaggressive. Considering that in criminological literature term aggression is not the same as the term violence, we decided to conduct two analyzes: comparison of aggressive and nonaggressive girls as well as comparison of violent and nonviolent. The study is based on the sample of 59 juvenile girls and the data obtained in four departments of the Center for Social Work in Belgrade for the period 2009-2019. We used chi-square test and binary regression (SPSS program) to evaluate relatedness between independent variables on three different levels (individual, family and social) and distinction based on aggression/violence of girls. First of all, we concluded that the classification of girls on aggressive and nonaggressive is more relevant than classification on violent/nonviolent. On individual level only one independent variable was statistically significant and that was the age. Younger girls tend to commit more aggressive acts in comparison to nonaggressive. On the family level following variables are of significant importance: psychopathology of fathers including alcohol and substance abuse, aggressive behavior and criminal conviction. Furthermore, the number of stressfull life events such as change of caregivers due to divorce, detah or deprivation of parental rights explains why some girls behave aggressively. Also, parental disciplinary practice is of special importance considering that inadequate discipline of both parents influences the aggressive as well as the violent outcome in girls. Finally, experience of physical victimization in the family is a strong predictor for aggressive as well as for violent behaviour. The same is true for the family violence between parents. On the social level of analysis we tested two variables: the role of peers and school achievement. Both are important in prediction of aggression. If juvenile girls have peers prone to criminal activities it is more possible for them to behave aggressively. As for the school achievement we concluded that success in both elementary and high school influences girls to be aggressive or violent. As for the termination of education and expulsion relatedness does not exist. Study has some limitations. Due to the relatively small sample it is necessary in future research to test the influence of analyzed variables. Also, we could not obtain data for other independent variables and this should be also done (for example in many files we could not determine the level of girl's intelligence, depression, anxiety and conduct disorder). Furthermore, future research should try to make more detailed classification of girls offenders in order to differentiate between those who commit only aggressive acts, those who commit both aggressive and nonaggressive acts and those who are not aggressive at all. The last group needs to be classified into further subgroups with regard to crimes committed
The nature of international law
No full textJurisprudence has up until recently largely neglected international law as a subject of philosophizing. The Nature of International Law tries to offset against this deficiency by providing a comprehensive explanatory account of international law. It does so within an analytical tradition, albeit within the one which departs from the nowadays dominant method of the metaphysically-driven conceptual analysis. Instead, it adopts the prototype theory of concepts, which is directed towards determining typical features constitutive of the nature of international law. The book’s central finding is that those features are: normativity, institutionalization, coercive guaranteeing, and justice-aptness. Since typical features are context sensitive, their specificities at the international level are further elucidated. The book, finally, challenges the often raised claim that fragmentation is international law’s unique feature by demonstrating that international institutional actors, particularly adjudicative ones, largely perceive themselves as officials of a unified legal order
Anti-corruption Instruments in Saint Sava's Nomocanon
Get PDFU prvom delu rada autor ukazuje na korene antikorupcione borbe u srpskom zakonodavstvu koji sežu do Zakonopravila Svetog Save. Potom se analiziraju konkretne odredbe Nomokanona koje imaju antokorupcioni karakter i koje podsećaju na savremene institute. To su zabrana davanja i primanja mita u kontekstu simonije (prodaje svešteničkog čina), zabrana sukoba interesa u obliku nepotizma i u vidu istovremenog vršenja duhovne i svetovne ili dve duhovne funkcije, te obaveze lica koja su rukopoložena da prijave i jasno razdvoje sopstvenu od crkvene imovine. Autor zaključuje da su u vremenu u kome su nastala pravila o borbi protiv korupcije bila na visokom nivou zakonodavne tehnike i da su mogla da predstavljaju više nego solidnu osnovu u njenom iskorenjivanju.In the first part of the paper, the author points to the roots of anti-corruption provisions in medieval Serbian legislation which were enacted even in St. Sava's Nomocanon. Then the concrete provisions of the Nomocanon that have an anticorruptional character and which recall some modern institutions are analyzed. These are the prohibition of giving and receiving bribes in context of Simonia (selling of priests range), the prohibition of the conflict of interests, which is recognized in forms of nepotism and ofperforming of spiritual and secular functions or of two spiritual functions at the same time, and the obligations of the monks and priests to report and clearly separate their own property from the church one. The author concludes that at a time when anti-corruption rules were in force in medieval Serbia, they were at a high level of legislative technique and could have represented more than a solid basis for its eradication
Actus reus of genocide and types of genocidal destruction
Get PDFModel genocidnog uništenja podrazumeva način na koji se genocid vrši. Izvedena iz tog osnovnog su i pitanja da li su masovna ubistva, kulturne represije, izgladnjivanje, prevencija rađanja ili politocid sve načini izvršenja genocida ili se genocid u tom pogledu limitira na biološko odnosno fizičko uništenje zaštićene grupe. Posleratni razvoj međunarodnog prava, pre svega deklaracije i Paktovi UN-a, te brojne konvencije vezane za ljudska prava kao i sudska praksa dva tribunala, signalizirali su postojanje šireg običajnopravnog koncepta genocida koji bi u sebi mogao involvirati i prerogative kulturnog uništenja. U modernim teorijskim shvatanjima ispoljena je slična tendencija. S aspekta de lege ferenda, to se može razumeti i tumačiti kao pozitivna tendencija, ali je istovremeno diskutabilno sa stanovišta legislativnog i konzervativnog karaktera Konvencije. U radu se elaboriraju materijalni akti genocida i pozicioniranje istih unutar idejnog koncepta zločina genocida u svetlu kontroverzi modela genocidnog uništenja.A model of genocidal destruction implies the manner in which genocide is carried out. Questions deriving from my fundamental point at issue are whether mass killings, cultural repressions, starvation, prevention of birth, politicide constitute genocide or whether genocide, in that sense, is limited to biological or physical destruction of a protected group? the post-war development of international law, especially as a result of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Convention on Human Rights, and a number of conventions related to human rights, as well as jurisprudence of the two tribunals, signaled the existence of a wider concept of a customary-legal concept of genocide, that could intrinsically involve a prerogative of cultural destruction. The modern theoretical views have expressed such a tendency. From a "de lege ferenda" perspective, this could be interpreted and understood as a positive tendency, but at the same time it is questionable from the perspective of a legislative and formal-legal character of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This paper elaborates material acts of genocide and their position within the concept of genocide considering the controversies of the models of genocidal destruction
Harmonization of the National Legislation on Legalization of Documents with the European Standards in the Field of Preventive Legal Protection
Get PDFOd 1. septembra 2014. godine poslovi overe prepisa prešli su u nadležnost
javnih beležnika. Overavanje prepisa uređeno je Zakonom o overavanju potpisa,
rukopisa i prepisa, koji je počeo da se primenjuje od 1. septembra 2014.
godine. U ovom radu obrađene su suštinske novine koje je doneo pomenuti zakon
kao i njihova usklađenost sa standardima javnobeležničke delatnosti u modernim
evropskim pravnim sistemima. Nakon što je analizirao nova zakonska
rešenja autor zaključuje da su ta rešenja donela značajan napredak u oblasti
overavanja prepisa i podigle preventivnu pravnu zaštitu na viši nivo.As of 1st of September 2014, the legalization of a word for word reproduction
of the content of a document, i.e. the official countersignature of a transcript,
has been transferred to the jurisdiction of notaries in Serbia, under the
Law on legalization of signatures, manuscripts and transcripts. The author examines
the new solutions thereby introduced into Serbian law, and the compliance
of the new rules on legalization of transcripts with the contemporary
standards of the notarial profession in modern European legal systems. The author
concludes that the new piece of legislation has improved the field of legalization
of documents in Serbia, and raised the standard of the preventive legal
protection to a higher level
Brain drain and tax competition: Do we need another BEPS?
Get PDFIn the article we argue that the origins of the international tax base erosion in the corporate sector, which are the harmful tax competition for capital and old-fashioned international tax rules, are also relevant for the taxation of income of the high-skilled and mobile workforce. Therefore, a multilateral rethinking of the global tax architecture is proposed in order to conceptually address the problem properly and in a harmonized manner. We point out, based on the examples of Russia and Serbia, several problems of tax base erosion for mobile talents, with a case study analysis of scenarios of talent migration involving sportspersons, researchers and IT specialists. Finally, we propose some ideas for global tax cooperation in order to mitigate the negative tax effects of brain drain based on adapting the existing recommendations of the BEPS Project for the cases of migrating individuals