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European labour law standards on information and consultation of company employees
Get PDFPoslednje dve decenije, razvoj prava Evropske unije (EU) obeležilo je interesovanje njenih institucija za učešće zaposlenih u donošenju odluka u privrednim društvima. To je rezultiralo plodnom normativnom delatnošću u ovoj oblasti radnog i kompanijskog prava, budući da je u mnogim državama, razvoj tržišne ekonomije doveo do jačanja upravljačkih ovlašćenja poslodavaca, dok su pad stope sindikalizacije i slabljenje uticaja sindikatâ imali za posledicu krizu socijalnog dijaloga. U takvom okruženju, produbljena je potreba za jačanjem uloge zaposlenih u sprečavanju i savladavanju negativnih posledica stalnih promena sa kojima se privredna društva suočavaju usled globalizacije privrede. Ovo tim pre što je na nivou EU uočena snažna veza između socijalnog dijaloga i veće produktivnosti. U tom smislu su potvrđena načela obaveštavanja i konsultovanja zaposlenih u preduzećima koja posluju na nacionalnom nivou (Direktiva 2002/14/EZ), kao i u evropskim kompanijama (Direktiva 2001/86/EZ i Pravilo 2157/2001) i drugim multinacionalnim preduzećima koja posluju u okviru EU (direktive o evropskim radnim savetima 94/45/EZ i 2009/38/EZ). Među ovim izvorima prava postignut je značajan stepen koherentnosti, premda ima mesta za dalja unapređenja njihovih rešenja. Ona su u članku razmotrena, kako iz ugla normativne sadržine, tako i iz ugla mogućnosti da (neposredno i posredno) doprinesu zaštiti pravâ i interesâ zaposlenih, ali i očuvanju konkurentnosti preduzećâ. Zaključeno je da merodavni propisi EU mogu pomoći donošenju ispravnih odluka u preduzećima, čime se osnažuje legitimnost procesa odlučivanja, sprečavaju radni sporovi, gradi korporativna kultura i jača odnos poverenja između uprave i zaposlenih.Over the last two decades, the development of EU law has been marked by the interest of its institutions for employee participation in company decision-making. This resulted in a fruitful normative activity in the field of labour and company law, since, in many countries, the development of market economy led to the strengthening of employers' managerial prerogatives, while the decline in unionization and its dwindling influence resulted in the crisis of social dialogue. There was a growing need, in such an environment, to strengthen the role of employees in order to prevent and overcome negative consequences of constant changes that businesses faced due to the globalization of the economy. This is, among much else, because the EU identifes strong link between social dialogue and greater productivity. Accordingly, the principles of information and consultation of employees in companies operating at the national level (Directive 2002/14/ EC), as well as in European companies (Directive 2001/86/EC and Regulation 2157/2001) and other multinational enterprises operating within the EU (Directives on European Works Councils 94/45/EC and 2009/38/EC) have been adopted under EU auspices. A significant degree of coherence has been achieved among the aforementioned sources of law although there's room for further improvement of their solutions. These solutions have been considered in this article both from the perspective of "legislative history" as well as their normative content and the possibility to (directly and indirectly) contribute to the protection of the rights and interests of employees, and to the preservation of the competitiveness of companies. In conclusion, it may be said that the EU's relevant regulations can help the companies make the right decisions, thus strengthening the legitimacy of the decision-making process, preventing labour disputes, building corporate culture and strengthening the relationship of trust between management and employees
Tranfer of immovable property in joint ownership by one spouse (domestic partner)
Get PDFU težnji da stvori ambijent u kojem se podstiče ravnopravnost u imovinskopravnim odnosima između bračnih (vanbračnih) drugova i spreči njeno nepravično narušavanje, naš zakonodavac je kao jednu od mera kojom se to postiže predvideo i stvaranje fikcije prema kojoj se načelno smatra da je upis prava na nepokretnostima izvršen na ime oba (van)bračna druga i kada je izvršen na ime samo jednog od njih. Nije prošlo mnogo vremena pre nego što su naši sudovi počeli da se suočavaju sa ozbiljnim problemima koje je takva fikcija stvorila, a njihova aktuelnost ne jenjava ni decenijama kasnije. Naime, postavlja se pitanje šta se dešava u situaciji kada upisani (van)bračni drug raspolaže pravima na nepokretnostima samostalno, tj. bez saglasnosti drugog (neupisanog) bračnog druga? Kakva je priroda takvog pravnog posla i proizvodi li on pravna dejstva? Problem se naročito komplikuje iz ugla primene načela pouzdanja: može li se potencijalni sticalac pouzdati u to da je stanje u registru nepokretnosti istinito i potpuno ili se njemu nameće svojevrsna dužnost istraživanja vanknjižnog stanja? I letimičan pogled na našu sudsku prasku dovoljan je da se uverimo da je ona prilično neujednačena i da sudovi lutaju iz jednog rešenja u drugo tragajući za onim najadekvatnijim. Usvajanjem novog Zakona o postupku upisa u katastar nepokretnosti i vodova, problem sticanja i raspolaganja nepokretnostima u zajedničkoj svojini supružnika ponovo je stavljen u fokus pravne misli. Mada se načelno može reći da je učinjen pomak u pogledu rešavanja tog problematičnog pravnog pitanja, rešenju koje on nudi se mogu uputiti najmanje dve zamerke: prvo, ono nema kapacitet da reši problem u potpunosti; drugo, njime je stvoreno pogodno tlo za stvaranje novih problema u našem pravnom sistemu.In an effort to create a legal environment which encourages equality between spouses (domestic partners) and prevent its unfair distortion, our legislator has introduced, as one of the measures by which this goal may be achieved, a fiction according to which a registration of ownership in the name of one spouse (domestic partner) is considered to be done on behalf of both. Shortly thereafter, the courts began to face serious problems created by such fiction which are still very much alive even decades later. Namely, what happens if a registered spouse (domestic partner) transfers rights on immovable property without the consent of the other (unregistered) spouse (domestic partner)? What is a legal nature of such a transaction and does it produce legal effects? the problem becomes more complicated if one takes into account the reliable principle: can a potential acquirer even rely that the data in the real estate register are accurate and complete or the law imposes on him a duty to investigate the accuracy and completeness of these data beyond the register? a glance at our court practice is enough to show that it is quite uneven and that the courts wander from one to another solution in search of the most appropriate which would reconcile conflicting interests. The adoption of the new Law on the procedure of registration in the real estate and ducts register has put a new light on this problem. Although one may generally say a certain progress has been made in resolving this problematic legal issue, at least two fundamental objections can be raised: firstly, the new solution does not have the capacity to completely solve the problem; secondly, it has created grounds for creation of completely new problems in our legal system
Legal analysis of the last changes to the law on bankruptcy from 2018
Get PDFKrajem 2018. godine usvojene su četvrte izmene Zakona o stečaju. Sadržinski one se vezuju za pet stečajnopravnih tema: 1) mogućnost ostvarivanja direktne komunikacije između poverilaca i stečajnog upravnika; 2) pravo poverioca predlagača da predloži stečajnog upravnika; 3) davanje većih ovlašćenja skupštini poverilaca u postupku kontrole imenovanog stečajnog upravnika; 4) preciziranje kriterijuma za određivanje visine predujma troškova; i 5) proširenje kruga aktivno legitimisanih lica za podnošenje plana reorganizacije. U ovom radu autor kritički analizira sve ove promene i zaključuje da su novouvedene odredbe, najvećim delom, nejasne, neprecizne i nedorečene, te da u praksi mogu stvoriti pravnu neizvesnost. Kako bi se ovo zaobišlo, autor je predložio na koji način treba pravilno tumačiti sporna pitanja.At the end of 2018 fourth amendments to the Law on bankruptcy have been adopted. Looking at the content of these changes, they can be classified into five bankruptcy law issues: 1) the possibility to establish direct line of communication between creditors and bankruptcy trustee; 2) the right of the creditor who initiated the bankruptcy proceeding to nominate bankruptcy trustee; 3) authority of the general meeting of creditors in connection with the process of supervising the elected bankruptcy trustee; 4) determination of the maximum level of advance payment of bankruptcy costs; and 5) right to propose the reorganization plan. In this paper the author has critically analyzed all these changes and concluded that these norms are mostly unclear, imprecise and understated, which means that in the practice they can lead to legal uncertainty. In order to avoid misunderstandings, the author has suggested how these norms are supposed to be interpreted
Merger Control and Economic Growth of LDCs: Some Observations and Recommendations
No full textThe aim of this paper is to evaluate merger control as a segment of competition policy in less developed countries (LDCs) and to propose desirable regimes, using economic growth as the evaluation standard. Three regimes of merger control are recommended, depending on the level of institutional and economic development: for LDCs with low levels of both, the absence of merger control is suitable; for LDCs with intermediate levels of both, very restricted merger control is recommended; this should evolve into somewhat restricted merger control for the remaining LDCs. Advocacy is recommended as the main substitute activity of the national competition authorities
Dissolution of marriage according to the Roman law and the law of Justinian
Get PDFRimski brak temeljio se na saglasnoj volji supružnika da budu u braku (affectio maritalis). Sve dok takva volja postoji, postojao je i brak. Zbog promenljivosti ljudske volje, rimski brakovi lako su se sklapali, ali su se isto tako lako i raskidali. Rimski hrišćanski imperatori ograničavaju razvod braka propisujući razloge iz kojih se brak može jednostrano razvesti.Sve do Justinijana bio je dozvoljen sporazumni razvod braka. On najpre izdaje 22. Novelu kojom dozvoljava sporazumni razvod, da bi ga sedam godina docnije 117. Novelom zabranio. Moguće je da je promena njegovog stava po pitanju sporazumnog razvoda braka prouzrokovana njegovim okretanjem papi i Zapadnoj crkvi koja je u odnosu na Istočnu crkvu bila stroža po pitanju mogućnosti razvoda braka.The Romans did not consider marriage a legal act but rather a fact of social life with legal effects. An essential element of a Roman marriage was a will to be married (affectio maritalis). As long as such a will existed, marriage also existed. Due to change ability of such a human will, Roman marriages were also easily concluded and dissolved. Freedom of dissolution of marriage led to crisis of marital and family life. Therefore Octavian Augustus was forced to enact a set of laws (the Julian marriage laws) which were aimed at reestablishing marriage and family morality. By adopting these laws, the moral crisis of the Roman society did not end. On the contrary, it deepened. Under the influence of Christianity, Roman Christian emperors limited the freedom of dissolution of marriage by prescribing just causes which allowed dissolution of marriage (iustae causae repudii). However, divorce by mutual consent had been allowed by the time of Justinian. He himself did not lead consistent policy regarding dissolution of marriage. In 535 Justinian firstly enacted 22nd Novel in which allowed divorce by mutual consent. Only seven years later, Justinian prohibited divorce by mutual consent in the Novel 117. It is possible that a change in Justinian's attitude towards divorce by mutual consent was caused by his turning to Pope and the Western Church which, in a comparison to the Eastern Church, was more rigid concerning the possibility of divorce
The delict of Roman catholic proselytism in medieval Serbia
Get PDFRad je posvećen krivičnim delima vezanim za prelazak pravoslavnog u rimokatolicizam u srpskom srednjovekovnom pravu. Posebna pažnja je posvećena pitanjima na koji akt i na koju normu upućuje Dušanov zakonik u članovima 106. i 108. kada se za ove delikte propisuje kazna iz "zakon(ik)a svetih otaca", odnosno o kojoj se kazni tu radi, kao i pitanju u čemu se ogleda novela ove materije učinjena u Zakoniku o rudnicima despota Stefana. Primenjeni metodi su jezičko, sistemsko i istorijsko tumačenje odredaba Zakona gradskog (Prohirona) Zakonopravila, Skraćene sintagme Matije Vlastara, Dušanovog zakonika i Zakonika o rudnicima despota Stefana.This paper deals with crimes associated with the conversion of Orthodox Christians to Roman Catholicism. Special attention is devoted to the question of which norm is referred to in Articles 106 and 108 of the Code of Tsar Dušan, when it provides the punishment for these delicts from the "zakon(ik) svetih otaca", i.e. what the punishment was and what the innovation of this matter in the Mining Code of Despot Stefan consists in. The results show that Tsar Dušan, in his Code, probably provided analogous application of the norms of Zakonopravilo about conversion to manicheism, i.e. Bogumilstvo, to conversion to "the Latin heresy". Renegade who does not return to Orthodoxy suffered capital punishment, as well as the one who converted him to Roman Catholicism. According to the provisions of the Zakongradski (Prochiron) of the Zakonopravilo, the same punishment was inflicted on the man who knew about the conversion of another and did not report it to the authorities. It seems that around half a century later Despot Stefan Lazarević reduced these punishments in the area of Novo Brdo. Thus, Roman Catholics who deceived an Orthodox Christian were given the opportunity to "ransom their head" with a fine determined in the law, which was accompanied with confiscation of property in Novo Brdo and exile from "the area of the city". If a member of Roman Catholic clergy was involved, he was probably punished additionally with mutilation of the nose. For the renegade himself, if he did not return to Orthodoxy, the provision of Tsar Dušan on capital punishment still applied. The applied methods are linguistic, systemic and historical interpretation of the provisions of the Zakongradski of the Zakonopravilo, the Abridged Syntagma of Matthew Blastares, the Code of Tsar Dušan and the Mining Code of Despot Stefan
Радноправни положај учесника у штрајку
No full textПредмет изучавања овог рада је анализирање положаја учесника у штрајку, са посебним освртом на законодавство Републике Србије у компарацији са другим правним системима, у којој улози се поред организатора штрајка налазе и послодавац и држава као послодавац и држава као посредник између послодаваца и организатора штрајка и на првом месту држава као законодавац, прописујући поступак штрајка и његове последице
Споразумно финансијско реструктурирање са посебним освртом на практична искуства у Републици Србији
No full textСпоразумно финансијско реструктурирање се, најједноставније речено, може дефинисати као поступак који се одвија изван оквира судског поступка и који се у основи своди на поновно уређивање дужничко-поверилачких односа између привредног субјекта који се налази у финансијским тешкоћама и његових поверилаца. Овај правни институт настао је у намери да се обезбеди један додатни, ефикасан инструмент који би се користио за реструктурирање дугова, а све са циљем да се привредни субјект ослободи финансијских тешкоћа у којима се нашао и да му се на тај начин омогући наставак стабилног пословања.
Правни систем Републике Србије познаје и формални, судски поступак реструктурирања дугова који се спроводи у складу са правилима прописаним Законом о стечају. Имајући у виду да судски поступак реорганизације има мноштво недостатака, те да исти може да резултује покретањем стечајног поступка, који је најчешће асоцијација на престанак привредних друштава и на немогућност намирења потраживања поверилаца, постојала је потреба да се уведе нови институт коме ће повериоци, односно дужници радије прибегавати. Приликом увођења једног таквог института требало је одржати равнотежу између интереса поверилаца за намирењем њиховог потраживања, са једне стране, и намере дужника - инсолвентног привредног субјекта да одржи своје пословање, са друге стране. У теорији се наводи и да споразумно финансијско реструктурирање представља најновији санациони облик који познаје наш правни систем, а да је за све санационе облике заједничко, са једне стране, чињеница да се они користе као инструмент опоравка, финансијске и привредне консолидације привредних субјеката, а са друге стране, да се поводом сваког од ових облика успоставља један посебан тродимензионални однос у коме учествују дужник, повериоци и одговарајући орган
Acquisitive prescription as a way of acquiring real estate ownership
Get PDFCilj ovog rada je da se odredi domen primene instituta održaja, to jest da se nađe odgovor na pitanje u kojim je to situacijama u praksi moguće ispuniti uslove koje zakonodavac zahteva te steći pravo svojine na ovaj način. Do odgovora na to pitanje doći ćemo analizom sudske prakse. S druge strane, predmet rada neće biti ograničen analizom prakse domaćih sudova već ćemo u radu analizirati i tekstove pojedinih nacrta zakonika koji sadrže odredbe posvećene održaju, kao i rešenja sadržana u uporednom pravu, sa ciljem da ih uporedimo sa pozitivnim pravom naše zemlje. U radu će se otvoriti pitanje opravdanosti, ali i potrebe za postojanjem instituta održaja u savremenom pravu, te pitanje mogućnosti postojanja savesnosti kao neophodnog uslova za sticanje svojine održajem u svetlu uredno vođenih registara nepokretnosti. Svakako najsuptilnije pitanje koje se nužno nameće na sam pomen održaja jeste opravdanost ovog instituta u svetlu ideje o nepovredivosti prava svojine.The aim of the paper is to determine the exact field of application of the institute of acquisitive prescription, that is, to find the answer in which situations in practice it is possible to fulfill all the conditions required by the legislator and acquire the ownership by usucapio. The main question raised in the paper is whether there is an actual need for the existence of acquisitive prescription in contemporary Serbian law, bearing in mind that the data in the real estate cadastre has been duly kept. The institute of usucapio has also been analyzed from a perspective of application of the reliance principle on land registry. Certainly one of the most problematic question is the justification (and also the legal basis) of this institute having in mind the idea of the inviolability of ownership
The ratio and scope of regulation concerning standard contract terms
Get PDFU ovom radu autor analizira opšte uslove poslovanja, koji se drugačije označavaju i kao opšti uslovi ugovora ili standardni uslovi ugovora. Prvi, uvodni deo rada je posvećen prikazu različite terminologije i različitog pojmovnog određivanja opštih uslova poslovanja. U tom pogledu, autor predlaže prihvatanje sveobuhvatne definicije opštih uslova poslovanja, koja bi pokrila sve slučajeve gde je opravdano primenjivati isti pravni režim. Sledeći deo rada se bavi razlozima za posebno pravno uređenje opštih uslova poslovanja, koji se tiču zloupotrebe pregovaračke moći i delimičnog neuspeha tržišta. Konačno, u poslednjem delu rada je objašnjen domen primene pravila o opštim uslovima poslovanja, putem detaljne analize elemenata ovog pojma, koje čine: 1. uslovi ugovora, 2. unapred formulisani za veći broj ugovora, 3. jednostrano nametnuti drugoj ugovornoj strani, 4. osim ako je reč o posebnim pogodbama.In this paper the author analyzes general terms of doing business, also denoted as general contract terms or standard contract terms. The first, introductory part of the paper presents different terminology and different understanding of the meaning of standard contract terms. In this respect, the author advocates in favor of accepting a broader definition of standard contract terms, that would include all cases where it is justified to apply the same legal regime. The following part of the paper deals with reasons for specific regulation of standard contract terms, notably: abuse of bargaining power and partial market failure. Finally, the last part of the paper explains the scope of rules concerning standard contract terms, through an in-depth analysis of constituent elements of this term, which include: 1. contract terms, 2. terms pre-formulated for numerous contracts, 3. terms imposed one-sidedly to another contracting party, 4. except individually negotiated special terms