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Multy - party international litigation
Get PDFPredmet istraživanja u ovom radu su instituti množine subjekata u parničnom postupku srpskog prava. Istraživanje počinje analizom istorijskog razvoja ovih instituta i dovođenjem u vezu sa drugim institutima parničnog procesnog prava kako bi se izveli zaključci o prednostima i manjkavostima pozitivnopravnog regulisanja instituta množine subjekata u parničnom postupku srpskog prava. Kritički osvrt na ove institute je potpuniji onda kada se analiziraju razlike u odnosu na nama srodne pravne sisteme nemačkog i austrijskog prava. Nakon takve analize je bilo moguće utvrditi i pravce kretanja našeg modernog parničnog procesnog prava i odnosa našeg pravnog sistema sa pravnim sistema sa kojima delimo tradiciju u ovoj oblasti. Cilj istraživanja je i da se utvri kako se pozitivnopravnim institutima množine subjekata u parničnom postupku ostvaruje efikasnost. Uporednopravna analiza je upotpunjena tek onda kada se analiziraju instituti množine subjekta pravnih sistema common law, posebno kada se analizira pravni sistem SAD kao posebno uticajan. Zajedničke karakteristike, ali i brojne razlike koje postoje među institutima su potpuno analizirane tek onda kada se analizira primena prava na pravično suđenje (due process of law) na institute množine subjekata u parničnom postupku pred sudovima SAD. Rezultati ovog istraživanja omogućavaju pozicioniranje instituta množine subjekata u parničnom postupku srpskog prava u odnosu na druge pravne sisteme današnjice kao i sveobuhvatnije sagledavanje ciljeva koji se postižu institutima našeg parničnog procesnog prava. Analiza instituta množine subjekata u parničnom postupku srpskog prava za rezultat ima između ostalog i determinisanje interesa koji se ostvaruju pojedinim institutima množine subjekata u parničnom postupku i ciljeva koje ti instituti ostvaruju u postupku. Rezultati ovog istraživanja polazna osnova za teorijsko uobličavanje instituta množine subjekata u parničnom postupku u garancije prava na pravično suđenje. Potrebno je bilo identifikovati i specifičnosti koje se javljaju kod instituta množine subjekata u parničnom postupku iz perspektive prava na pravično suđenje.The research subject of this thesis is multi-party litigation in the Serbian law. In order to obtain research goals, the analyses of both historical development of multi-party litigation in Serbia and the connection of the institutes of multi-party litigation to other institutes of civil procedural law were done. Critical review of these institutes is more comprehensive when analyzing differences in relation to the German and Austrian legal systems, which are similar to our own. After such an analysis, it is possible to determine the direction of our modern civil procedural law and the ways if we are moving away from the legal systems with which we share the tradition in this field. On top of that, comparative analysis is complete only when the institutes of the multi-party litigation of common law legal systems are examined (especially the United States’ legal system, due to its influence). Bearing in mind the research goal of this thesis, the application of due process of law clause to the institutes of the multi-party litigation in civil proceedings before the United States courts was examined in particular. The results of this research clarify the position of our institutes of the multi-party litigation in civil proceedings in relation to other modern legal systems. Also, a more comprehensive examination of the purpose of the institute of our civil procedural law was important to examine if the right to a fair trial is properly granted. Analysis of the institutes of the multi-party litigation serves also to determine the goals of a particular institute. Such results are significant for the theoretical shaping of the institutes of the multi-party litigation in civil proceedings into a guarantee of the right to a fair trial. Namely, it is necessary to analyze the issues that arise in the application of the right to a fair trial specifically in the institutes of the multi-party litigation in civil proceedings. Furthermore, the resolution of identified problems in the application of the institute of the International Civil Procedure Law are also based on these analyses. Having in mind that this topic was not dealt with in the Serbian theory of the International Civil Procedure Law, the analysis of the particularities of the multi-party litigation in civil proceedings required making a connection to numerous institutes in this branch of law. Finally, the specifics of determining the applicable law when the institutes of the multi-party litigation are applied are examined in order to finalize the analysis on IPL interests of the parties. In this way, this dissertation deals with the institutes of multi-party litigation in civil proceedings both from the perspective of the right to a fair trial and the perspective of IPL interests of parties
Analytical and socio-legal approach to the study of normative and social functions of law
Get PDFU radu su izloženi stavovi analitičke teorije prava o mogućim funkcijama prava, bilo da se one određuju kao normativne bilo kao društvene. Također, izložen je i pristup verzije sociološkopravne teorije društvenim efektima prava, te kritike analitičkog kao neopravdanog i suviše intuitivnog. Svaka analiza prava kao fenomena polazi i od analize prirode prava, te posljedično, i od njegovih funkcija, odnosno od uvođenja ideje o dualnoj prirodi prava sa idealnim i realnim elementima te posljedično jedne drugačije refleksivne metodologije koja će osvijetliti oba elementa. U konačnici, dat je osvrt na moguća metodološka unapređenja kojima bi se empirijski provjerljivo, a ne apriorno, formirali stavovi o mogućim funkcijama prava te time unaprijedile teorijskopravne analize.The paper outlines positions of analytical jurisprudence regarding the possible functions of law - whether they are determined as normative or social. Also, it offers an approach of a version of socio-legal theory to the social effects of law, as well as criticism of the analytical approach as unjustified and overly intuitive. Each analysis of law as a phenomenon starts from the analysis of the nature of law and, consequentially, from its functions, i.e. the introduction of the idea of dual nature of law, with the ideal and realistic elements, which leads to a different reflexive methodology that will shed light upon both elements. In the end, the paper offers a review of possible methodological improvements that would allow for empirically verifiable, instead of a priori, articulation of positions on possible functions of law and therefore improve theoretical legal analyses
Brain drain: The impact on taxation and measures to combat the brain drain
Get PDFDuring the debt crisis the number of highly specialized Greek scientists who had migrated abroad surpassed 250,000. The reasons that led to this result include the mismatch of supply and demand for skilled human capital in Greece, the high rates of unemployment, as well as underemployment, and the increased in the tax burden and social security contributions. In order to tackle brain drain, a number of measures have been announced, focusing on reducing the individual income and corporate tax, lowering VAT rates and streamlining tax incentives for investors. Tax-related measures must take into account the new environment that has been shaped after the implementation of the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. In addition to that, they also must respect the fundamental freedoms and general principles of European Union law in general
Using tax policy to address brain drain and depopulation: The case of Croatia
Get PDFAs the end of the Twenty-Tens approaches, there is a growing public consensus in Croatia that the key challenge facing the country is of demographic nature. Put simply, the accession to the European Union (EU) in July 2013 only exacerbated the negative trends regarding the emigration of mostly young and high-skilled workers to other, more developed countries. However, policymakers have hitherto failed to offer a comprehensive set of countermeasures, with tax policy being no exception. Accordingly, it is the aim of this paper to explore possible tax measures the Croatian legislator may employ in tackling the brain drain phenomenon, with special emphasis on highly skilled workers. More specifically, starting from the assumption that policymakers want to assume a more proactive role in addressing brain drain, the main contribution of the paper is in drawing the contours of a coherent tax-related response to this issue
Gender Reasignment : Situation in Republic of Serbia After Changes of Birth Certificate Act
Get PDFVekovni pojam pola i njegova izvesnost, mogućnošću preduzimanja medicinskih
intervencija i posledično promene istog, doveden je u pitanje. Pitanje
promene pola odnosi se, prvenstveno, na pravo na poštovanje privatnog
života pojedinca i njegovih različitih aspekata – izdavanja novog izvoda iz
matične knjige, pasoša, ličnih dokumenata, zdravstvenog osiguranja, penzije.
Evropski sud za ljudska prava (ESLJP) početkom 90-ih godina XX veka nije
priznavao pravo na promenu podataka transseksualnim osobama, odnosno
utvrđivao je da nije bilo povrede prava na poštovanje privatnog života. Prekretnicu
u priznanju prava transseksualnih osoba predstavlja slučaj Christine
Goodwin protiv Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. U novijoj praksi poseban značaj zauzima
slučaj A.P. Garçon and Nicot protiv Francuske, u kome je ESLJP našao
da su domaće vlasti uslovljavajući priznanje promene pola preduzimanjem
medicinske intervencije koja za posledicu ima sterilitet, onemogućile slobodno
i potpuno uživanje prava na privatni život pojedinaca, kao i njihov fizički
integritet. Do izmena Zakona o matičnim knjigama, promena pola u javnim
dokumentima u Srbiji nije bila dozvoljena, postojala je samo praksa nekih
opštinskih uprava u Beogradu (Stari Grad i Savski Venac) koje su dozvoljavale
da se izvši promena pola u matičnim knjigama. Presudnu ulogu ka konačnom
zakonskom regulisanju ovog pitanja, imao Ustavni sud Srbije koji je u
svojoj odluci iz 2012. godine utvrdio da su domaći organi propustili da izvrše
svoju „pozitivnu obavezu” kojom bi uskladili pravno sa faktičkim stanjem i
tako obezbedili podnosiocu ustavne žalbe da nakon hirurške promene pola
ostvari prava koja mu jemče i Ustav Republike Srbije i Evropska konvencija.
Upravo je na osnovu odluke Ustavnog suda, Ministarsvo za državnu upravu
i lokalnu samoupravu izmenama u 2018. godini, najpre, Zakona o matičnim
knjigama, a zatim, i donošenjem Pravilnika o načinu izdavanja i obrascu potvrde
nadležne zdravstvene ustanove o promeni pola, izbeglo da se i u drugim
pojedinačnim slučajevima utvrdi povreda Ustava ali i prava na poštovanje
privatnog života pred ESLJP. Ovaj podzakonski akt počiva na psihološko-medicinskom
načelu priznanja promene pola.Traditional notion of gender and its certainty, with the possibility of taking
medical interventions and consequently changing the gender, has been called
into a question. The issue of gender reassignment relates primarily to the right
to respect for an individual’s private life and its various aspects – the issuance of
a new birth certificate, passport, identity documents, health insurance, pension.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR)
did not recognize the right to change gender informations to transsexual persons.
The turning point of the recognition transgender rights was the case of
Christine Goodwin v. The United Kingdom. In contemporary practice, the case
of A.P. Garçon and Nicot v. France, in which the ECtHR found that conditional
recognition of gender reassignment by medical intervention resulting in sterility,
prevented the free and full enjoyment of the right to respect privacy of individuals
and their physical integrity. Until the amendments of Law on Registration
books, gender reassignment was not allowed in public documents in Serbia,
there was only a practice of some municipal administrations in Belgrade (Stari
Grad and Savski Venac) that allowed gender reassignment in civil registers. The
Constitutional Court of Serbia had a decisive role in the final regulation of this
issue. This body in its decision from july 2012. found that the domestic authorities
failed to fulfill their positive obligation to align legal with the factual
situation and thus to provide that complainant after surgical intervention fully
exercise the rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and
the European Convention. It was precisely on the basis of a decision of the Constitutional
Court, that the Ministry of Public Administration and Local Self-
Government amended in 2018, first, the Law on Registration books, and then,
by adopting the Regulation on the Mode of Issuance and Form of Confirmation
of the Competent Health Institution on Gender Reassignment, avoid that
in other individual cases violation of the Constitution, as well as the right to
respect for private life before the ECtHR arrises. This Regulation is based on the
psychological-medical principle of recognizing gender reassignment
Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
Get PDFIzvršenje presuda Evropskog suda za ljudska prava je složen pravni i politički
proces čiji je cilj ispravljanje utvrđene povrede i sprečavanje nove ili slične.
Države članice Saveta Evrope su u Brajtonskoj deklaraciji ustanovile osnove
nacionalnih stalnih mehanizma nadzora izvršenja presuda Evropskog suda za
ljudska prava. Prilagođavanje domaćeg institucionalnog okvira traje petnaest
godina. U praksi, zahtevi izvršenja presuda Evropskog suda za ljudska prava
nailazila su na ograničenja koja proizilaze iz načela podele vlasti i jasnih procesnih
pravila koja omogućavaju preispitivanje domaćih odluka i stavova.The execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights is a
complex legal and political process aimed at correcting an established violation
and preventing a new or similar one. The Council of Europe member states set
out in the Brighton Declaration the foundations of national permanent monitoring
mechanisms for the exwcution of judgments of the European Court of
Human Rights. The adaptation of the domestic institutional framework takes
fifteen years. In practice, the requirements of the execution of the judgments of
the European Court of Human Rights were met with limitations stemming from
the principle of separation of powers and clear procedural rules allowing for a
review of domestic decisions and views
Eichengreen, Barry, Arnaud Mehl, Livia Chitu: How Global Currencies Work: Past, Present, and Future, Princeton University Press, Princeton - Oxford, 2017
Get PDFBrunkhorst, Hauke, Dragica Vujadinovíć, Tanasije Marinković: European democracy in crisis: Polities under challenge and social movements, the Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2017
Get PDFFrom equality towards equity and differentiated responsibilities: A contemporary international environmental law perspective
Get PDFThe paper analyzes the relationship between the principles of equality, equity and differentiated responsibilities in the specific context of international environmental law. By tracing these three principles throughout the texts of relevant international environmental instruments and agreements, the author provides for distinction between various levels of differentiation through which equity is achieved. It is argued that, due to the novel solutions contained in the Paris Climate Agreement, a change has occurred in contemporary international environmental law regarding the relationship between the principles of equality, equity and differentiated responsibilities. Instead of fostering equality through equity and differentiated responsibilities, these changes have widened the gap between these principles. Differentiation has slowly detached from both equality and equity and has started to fulfill objectives other than fairness, such as achieving wider participation, effectiveness and better implementation of multilateral environmental agreements
Multiple votes as a reward to loyal shareholders: A reform proposal
Get PDFAutor u ovom radu analizira nagrađivanje akcionara glasovima za lojalnost. U radu se akcije za lojalnost definišu u užem i u širem smislu. Posebno je razmatrano značenje pojma lojalnosti, budući da je reč o uslovu za nagrađivanje akcionara. Imajući u vidu rešenja reprezentativnih pravnih sistema, autor daje predloge za reformu domaćeg prava. Konkretno, zalaže se za uvođenje mogućnosti nagrađivanja lojalnih akcionara glasovima za lojalnost. Na kraju, autor ukazuje na to da, osim unošenja odredbe koja se odnosi na nagrađivanje akcionara u zakon kojim su regulisana privredna društva, treba promeniti i relevantne odredbe zakona kojim je regulisano tržište kapitala i zakona kojim se uređuje preuzimanje akcionarskih društava, da bi reforma bila uspešna. Sprovođenje reforme bi omogućilo da se lojalnost u kompanijskom pravu ne vezuje samo sa posebne dužnosti već i za specijalna prava koja akcionar može da stekne kao nagradu za lojalnost društvu.In this paper, the author analyses shareholders' multiple voting rights as a reward for their loyalty. Firstly, the definition of loyalty shares is provided both in the narrow and wider sense. Furthermore, the notion of loyalty as a condition for being rewarded, as well as the criteria for determining loyalty in company law, is specially examined. Bearing in mind the solutions in representative comparative legal systems, the author proposes the reform of national company law. Finally, the author points to the fact that the reward provision should be included in the Serbian Companies Act while the relevant provisions of the Capital Market Act and Takeover Act should be amended in order to allow successful reform. Implementation of the reform would allow loyalty in company law, not only linked to special duties, but also to special rights that a shareholder can acquire as a reward for loyalty to the company