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Who is an auctioneer?
Get PDFKako bi se odgovorilo na pitanje iz naslova, u radu se polazi od pojma organizatora aukcije. Razmatra se da li je potrebno praviti razliku između organizatora aukcije i aukcionara ili ova dva pojma predstavljaju sinonime. Dalje se analizira pravna forma organizatora aukcije uz komentare važećeg srpskog Zakona o trgovini i korišćenje uporednopravnog metoda, konkretno, rešenja engleskog prava. Prilikom pisanja ovog rada autor se opredelio za korišćenje engleskog prava imajući u vidu da su se prve aukcijske kuće pojavile u Velikoj Britaniji sredinom 18. veka, te je to zemlja koja je do sada razvila bogatu aukcijsku praksu i postala jedan od svetskih lidera u aukcijskoj prodaji. Pored pravne forme organizatora aukcije, razmatra se i njegova delatnost kako bi se došlo do zaključka da li je dovoljno predvideti delatnost organizovanja aukcije kao pretežnu ili je potrebno regulisati je kao isključivu delatnost. Konačno, imajući u vidu da je u (današnje) digitalno doba došlo do širenja internet aukcije, posebna pažnja se posvećuje elektronskoj (onlajn) aukciji i pitanju ko je i da li uopšte postoji organizator ove vrste aukcije.In order to answer the question from this paper's title, the author describes the concept of an auction organizer. She considers whether it is necessary to make a distinction between an auction organizer and an auctioneer, or these two terms are synonyms. Furthermore, she analyzes the legal form of the auction organizer with regard to the Serbian Law on Trade, by using a comparative law methodology and, in particular, the use of the English law. When writing this paper, the author opted for the use of English law, given the fact that the first auction houses appeared in the United Kingdom in the mid-18th century, and that the UK is a country that has so far developed an extensive auction practice and is one of the main world leaders in auction sale. In addition to the legal form of the auction organizer, the business activity is also considered in order to make a conclusion whether it is necessary to regulate the organizing of auctions as the main or exclusive activity of the auction organizer. Finally, having in mind that in (today's) digital age the auction on the Internet has been developed and frequently used, special attention is paid to the online auction and to the question of who is and whether there is an organizer of this type of auction
Transformation of closed forms of companies into public joint company: Pro et contra
Get PDFAutor u radu analizira pozitivne i negativne aspekte pretvaranja zatvorenih formi privrednih društava u javno akcionarsko društvo, kroz pretežnu analizu pravne regulative RS koja uređuje različite vrste privrednih društava, a koja može de facto da opredeli vlasnike da li će da se odluče za otvaranje društva ili ne. Ističe se kolika je važnost ovog pitanja zbog unapređenja i razvoja srpskog tržišta kapitala koje je trenutno na veoma niskom nivou zbog relativno skorog vraćanja na institucije i mehanizme ovakvog tržišnog uređenja, ali i velike finansijske krize koja je dodatno usporila razvoj. Postoje znatne razlike u propisima relevantnog zakonskog okvira koji uređuju različite vrste privrednih društava, a u radu se posvećuje pažnja onim najznačajnijim, sa kritičkim argumentima njihovog povoljnog i nepovoljnog efekta na odluku vlasnika zatvorenih društava za transformaciju. Osim toga, ukazuje se i na neke sistemske probleme koji postoje, a koji deluju nepovoljno na povećanje broja otvorenih društava. Autor na kraju zaključuje da li, pored svih nepovoljnih posledica pravnih razlika i sistemskih problema, vlasnik društva treba da iskoristi pravo izbora i transformiše zatvoreno društvo u javno akcionarsko društvo.The author in the paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of the transformation of closed forms of companies into a public joint stock company, through a primary analysis of the legal regulations of the Republic of Serbia for different types of companies, which can de facto determine the owners to opt for the opening of a society or not. The topic is very important because of the improvement and development of the Serbian capital market, which is currently at a very low level due to the relatively recent return to institutions and mechanisms of the capital market as well as a major financial crisis that further slowed down the development. There are significant differences in the regulations of the relevant legal framework for different types of companies, and the paper focuses on the most important ones, with critical arguments for their favorable and adverse effect on the decision of the owners for transformation. Furthermore, it points to some systemic problems that exist and which are acting unfavorably to increase the number of public companies. Nevertheless, the author answers the question whether the owner of the company should use the right to choose and transform the closed company into a public joint stock company
Unlawfullnes regarding prearranged reorganization plans
Get PDFU radu se polazi od hipoteze da prvostepeni sudovi u stečajnim postupcima u skladu sa Unapred pripremljenim planovima reorganizacije (UPPR) često čine propuste koji dovode do ukidanja prvostepenih rešenja o njihovom potvrđivanju. Cilj ovog rada sadržan je u težnji da se kroz analizu razloza ukidanja rešenja o potvrđivanju UPPR-a, najčešći propusti prvostepenog suda prepoznaju, obznane i ukaže na moguće pravce njihovog prevazilaženja. U prvom delu rada polazi se od opštih pravila postupanja suda po predlogu za pokretanje stečajnog postupka u skladu sa UPPR-om. Drugi se deo bavi pitanjem nadležnosti za odlučivanje u drugostepenom postupku i značajem delovanja drugostepenog suda. Treći deorada posvećen je uočenim nepravilnosta u postupanju sudana osnovu empirijske analize. Zaključak razmatra potencijalne posledice sudskog aktivizma u postupcima UPPR-a.This paper is based on the hypothesis that the first instance courts in insolvency proceedings in cases in accordance with the pre-arranged reorganization plan (PARP) often make mistakes that lead to their annulement by the appelate court. The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe the most common omissions and indicate possible solutions. The first part provides general rules in accordance with the prearranged plan proceedings. The second part examinesissues related to the decision making on appeal and the roleand the scope of the discretion in decision making of the second instance court. The third part is dedicated to the observed unlawful decisions of the first instance courts and provides an empirical analysis. In conclusion the paperexamines potential consequences of judicial activism in PARP cases
Shortcomings of the peremptory norm concept in positive international law and proposals for its improvement
Get PDFU radu je prikazan razvoj peremptornih normi (ius cogens) u međunarodnom pravu kao i njihovo uspostavljanje Konvencijom o ugovornom pravu. Prvo je analiziran rad Komisije za međunarodno pravo koji je prethodio uvođenju peremptornih normi u međunarodno pravo, nakon čega je Komisija pristupila analizi peremptornih normi, što je i trenutno u fokusu njenog rada. Posebna pažnja je posvećena, sa jedne strane doktrini peremptornih pravila, a sa druge, međunarodnoj sudskoj praksi povodom istih. Takođe rad naglaševa potrebu za preciznijim kriterijumima pri određivanju normi ius cogens kao i za radom na kompilaciji pravila o peremptornim normama u pozitivnom međunarodnom pravu. Predstavljena je vrlo heterogena praksa međunarodnih tela prilikom determinisanja i identifikovanja peremptornih normi, ukazujući tako na važnost preciznog određenja kriterijuma za određivanje ovih pravila kao i smernica u kojima bi išao dalji razvoj ovih pravila. Detaljno je analiziran i odnos između prava Ujedinjenih nacija i ius cogens i date su određene preporuke za međusoban odnos. Na kraju, podvučena je i važnost ius cogens pravila u sprečavanju potencijalne fragmentacije međunarodnog prava.The paper presents the development of peremptory norms (ius cogens) in international law and their constitution through the Convention on the Law of Treaties. It first analyses the work of the International Law Commission, which preceded the introduction of peremptory rules into international law; the Commission subsequently moved onto the consideration of peremptory norms, which remains in its focus at the present. Special attention is given to, on one hand, the doctrine on peremptory rules and, on the other hand, to the international case law in this matter. The need for more precise criteria for the determination of ius cogens, as well as the compilation of a framework list of peremptive norms in positive international law, is stressed. Heterogeneous practices of international bodies in identifying peremptory rules are presented, demonstrating the need to precisely define the criteria for determining such rules and to guide the further development of imperative rules. The relationship between ius cogens and the United Nations law is analysed and certain guidelines are provided for the mutual relationships of ius cogens rules. The importance of ius cogens rules in preventing potential international law fragmentation is particularly emphasized
'Internal’ crisis of judiciary? Attitudes of members of the legal professions in Croatia and Serbia towards judiciaries in their countries
Get PDFIn this paper we analyze attitudes of members of the legal professions in Croatia and Serbia with regards to the judicial systems - the trust in judicial institutions and satisfaction with their performance. In the first part of the paper we present arguments of the cultural and institutional approach to explaining the foundations of trust in institutions, then define the characteristics of a "good" judiciary in the context of the democratic rule of law, and present the socio-political context of judicial reform in both countries over the last twenty years. In the second, empirical part of the paper we analyze the data collected through the online survey conducted among members of the legal professions in 2018 in Croatia and Serbia. The results from both countries show a low level of trust in judiciary and deep dissatisfaction with the functioning of judiciary on a list of dimensions. Our analysis confirms the link between (dis)trust in institutions and (dis)satisfaction with their work and thus also the assumptions of the institutional perspective on trust. We conclude that the obtained results point to an "internal" crisis of trust in judiciary in both countries, which accompanies the evident "external" crisis of the Serbian judiciary and the latent tensions in and around the Croatian judiciary
Concept of institutional frontier and its analytical capacity in exploration of economic growth
Get PDFCilj rada je da razmotri koncepciju institucionalne granice i da ispita njene analitičke domete u istraživanju privrednog rasta. Zaključak je da ne postoji jednoznačan odgovor na pitanje koje su najbolje ekonomske institucije sa stanovišta privrednog rasta jer taj odgovor zavisi od dostignutog nivoa razvijenosti. Nadalje, pokazalo se da koncepcijom institucionalne granice ne može da se reši problem kontrole dejstva kulture na ekonomske ishode, a ispostavilo se da je kultura, zajedno sa institucijama, značajan faktor privrednog rasta. Zaključuje se da definisanje jedinstvene institucionalne granice nije poželjno već da tome treba pristupiti na nivou pojedinih ekonomskih institucija ili njihovih grupa. Merenje institucionalne granice stvara znatne metodološke probleme. Analitički dometi koncepcije institucionalne granice nisu veliki, ali je njihovo istraživanje donelo brojne uzgredne, nenameravane koristi od razumevanja mehanizama privrednog rasta.The goal of the paper is to explore the concept of institutional frontier and examine its analytical capacity in considerations of economic growth. There is no unequivocal answer to the question of the best economic institutions for economic growth as the answer depends on the level of development. The concept of institutional frontier cannot resolve the problem of control of influence of culture on economic outcomes, as it is evident that culture is, together with institutions, a significant factor of economic growth. It is demonstrated that specifying a single institutional frontier is not desirable; instead this should be done at the level of the economic institutions themselves or their groups. Measuring the institutional frontier is linked to substantial methodological challenges. The analytical capacity of the institutional frontier concept is rather limited, but its exploration provided numerous unintentional side benefits related to the understanding the mechanics of economic growth
Neoliberalism and Welfare State : Mutually Contrasted Interpretations of the Strategy of Social Development and of the Global Crisis
Get PDFУ раду се анализирају неолиберална и welfare концепција друштвеног
развоја – као међусобно супротстављене а доминантне у савременом по-
литиколошком дискурсу, и као кључне за разумевање и решавање савре-
мене глобалне кризе. Њихове темељне разлике тичу се односа економије
и државе у модерном капитализму, и ове разлике се оштро манифестују
на актуелном проблему кризе. Политике засноване на једној или другој
концепцији су одређивале судбину многих генерација током последња
два и више века, и решавање савремене глобалне кризе и судбина будућих
генерација ће, такође, умногоме зависити од њих. Зато је важно да се
оне упоредно анализирају и преиспитују. У првом поглављу се разрађују
појмовна разграничења и историјске контекстуализације ових двеју
концепција, а у другом је фокус на супротстављеним тумачењима узрока
савремене кризе, преламања кризе у Еврозони, и начина изласка из ње.This text deals with the neoliberal and welfare state conception of social
development – as the dominant but mutually contrasted ones in the contemporary
political discourse, and as the crucial ones for understanding and solving
contemporary global crisis. Their basic differences concern the relation between
state and economics in modern capitalism, and these differences have been
sharply manifested on an issue of the actual crisis. Policies based on one or another
conception have determined a destiny of many generations throughout
last two and more centuries, and will significantly determine solving of this current
crisis and insofar also the destiny of future generations. There lies an importance
of a comparative analyzing and mutual reconsideration of these two
conceptions. The first chapter deals with a clarification and historical contextualization
of these two conceptions, while the second one is focused on their
different interpretation of the contemporary crisis and ways out from it
Animals in Roman Law: Sketch
Get PDFРад је покушај да се направи целина о римском праву животиња.
Критеријуми за систематизацију могу бити различити. Овде се римско
право животиња изложе с обзиром на класификацију животиња и значај
који она има у праву. Рад се заснива на подацима из најважнијих рим-
ских правних извора, а то су Јустинијанова Дигеста, Гајеве Инстити-
уције, Јустинијанове Институције, Улпијанове Регуле, Паулове Сентен-
ције. Осим тога, приказ је ограничен на неке сегменте приватног права
као што су приватни деликти, стицање својине и државине, контра-
кти. Овај сумарни и илустративни приказ третмана животиња у рим-
ском праву је скицa за римско право животиња. Иако се може прошири-
ти и надопунити, свакако указује на важност које су животиње имале
у римском праву, а правне норме, често казуистичког карактера, много
су обимније, живописније и комплексније у поређењу с модерним правом.This paper is a sketch of Roman private law of animals. It is based on
the main Roman legal sources, Digest and Institutes of Justinian, Institutes of
Gaius, Ulpiani Regulae, Pauli Sententiae. These sources give lot of interesting
and vivid casuistry which show how the subject was important for Roman society.
Following the classification of animals in Roman legal sources (for example
quadrupedes pecudes, iumenta, animalia quae collo dorsove domantur, ferae
bestiae, animals with so called animus revertendi) as well as legal treatment
of particular species (for example elephants and camels, dogs, pigs, bees), the
sources inform us how particular class of animals or a particular species may
participate in damaging event or what kind of damage suffer the owner of the
animal by its killing or harming. Particular class of animals has a special treatment
in case of its sale. Also, animals with so called animus revertendi are subject
to special rules concerning acquisition of ownership
Enforcement within Reasonable Time in Enforcement Procedure Conducted by Public Enforcement Agent
Get PDFJedno od najvažnijih načela izvršnog postupka jeste načelo hitnosti. Svi zakoni
kojima se uređivao izvršni postupak i koji su se primenjivali na teritoriji
Republike Srbije, propisivali su obavezu organa izvršnog postupka da hitno postupaju
i određivali kratke rokove za donošenje odluka i preduzimanje radnji
u postupku izvršenja i obezbeđenja. To nije dalo rezultata jer su Evropski sud
za ljudska prava, ali i Ustavni sud, doneli brojne presude kojima je utvrđena
povreda prava na izvršenje u razumnom roku. Zakonodavac je na to reagovao
najpre propisivanjem da nepostupanje u rokovima predstavlja osnov za
pokretanje disciplinskog postupka protiv postupajućeg sudije. Ovakve odredbe
su postojale u Zakonu o izvršnom postupku iz 2004.godine, Zakonu i izvršenju
i obezbeđenju iz 2011.godine, Zakonu o izvršenju i obezbeđenju iz 2016.
godine, a zadržane su i u poslednjim izmenama Zakona o izvršenju i obezbeđenju
usvojenim 2019.godine. Primena tih zakonskih odredaba, osim što je bila
sporna zbog suprotnosti sa odredbama Zakona o sudijama, nije dala rezultate.
Zakonom o zaštiti prava na suđenje u razumnom roku koji je usvojen 2015.
godine, a stupio na snagu 1.1.2016.godine ustanovljen je mehanizam za zaštitu
prava stranaka na suđenje u razumnom roku, a taj mehanizam se primenjuje
i na izvršni postupak. Imajući u vidu da je sprovođenje većine sredstava izvršenja
preneto u isključivu nadležnost javnih izvršitelja, otvoreno je pitanje zaštite
prava stranaka na izvršenje u razumnom roku, u situaciji u kojoj javni izvršitelj
sprovodi izvršenje.The purpose of this paper was to tackle the protection of right to enforcement
within reasonable time in enforcement procedure conducted by public
enforcement agent. Implementation of most of enforcement means is now in
exclusive competence of public enforcement agents. Old enforcement cases that
haven’t been successfully concluded by enforcement courts for years are now being
transferred to the public enforcement agents. Therefor, it is necessary to provide
legal remedies to the parties if public enforcement agent fails to perform
his/her activities within deadlines prescribed by Law and in accordance with
the reasonable time standard. These remedies are provided for in Law on Enforcement
and Security. Public Enforcement Agents are being supervised both
by Ministry of Justice and by Chamber of Public Enforcement Agents in that
regard. Failure of public enforcement agent to conduct enforcement without delay
constitutes disciplinary violation which could lead to their dismissal. Besides
this, enforcement creditor can always request his/her case to be transferred to
the other public enforcement agent. Law on protection of right to fair hearing
within reasonable time can only be applied to enforcement cases that are being
conducted by enforcement courts. Although Constitutional Court has ruled
otherwise, application of provisions of this Law to the enforcement cases that
are being conducted by public enforcement agents would be impossible without
severe changes of this Law. At the end it would be unreasonable and inappropriate
that the efficiency of public enforcement agents is supervised by enforcement
courts, because the main reason for creation of public enforcement agents
was inefficiency of enforcement courts and their failure to conduct enforcement
within reasonable time
E-Government
Get PDFSavremeni način komunikacije u kome se vreme podele informacija izražava
u sekundama, kao podrazumevajuću činjenicu ustanovio je internet. U
tom smislu, uprave savremenih država prinuđene su da se modrnizuju kako
bi mogle efikasno da odgovore na zahteve građana. Uvođenjem elektronske
uprave, menja se i njen koncept, pa su građani u bitno povoljnijem položaju,
kao korisnici javnih usluga. Kako bi pratila savremeni trend, Srbija je uvela
niz novena u oblasti e– uprave i osnovala Vladinu Kancelariju za informacione
tehnologije i elektronsku upravu.If one looks at the level of sophistication of twenty services in the Republic
of Serbia in 2009, we can conclude that most of the services (7), or more
than half, were developed to the first level – only information available on the
website of the competent authority or institution authorized to provide services.
Five services met the second level, and four services were developed by the third
level. The fourth level of sophistication had only four services that were the most
developed: job search, customs declarations, public libraries and the mortgage
register of legal entities.
Although certain legal regulations were adopted in the field of e-government,
in 2009 Serbia was only at the beginning of the creation of e-government.
It was necessary to enact a number of new legal texts, whose adoption and
proper implementation in the coming period would significantly improve the
quality of life of Serbian citizens and create a much better business environment
necessary for companies.
Ten years later, we have a situation in which Serbia becomes the leading
regional leader in the field of e-government, with specially developed services
for citizens, the economy and the state administration. The Government has
also established an Office for Information Technology and eGovernment as an
operational body with the task of looking after the design, harmonization, development
and functioning of eGovernment systems and information systems
and infrastructure of state administration bodies and government departments.
In this respect, it is noticeable that the Government, by its actions, sets an example for all state bodies to use the benefits of e-government in the same way.
Adoption of the proposal of the Program of Development of eGovernment in
the Republic of Serbia for the period from 2019 to 2022 presented the priority
projects in the field of digitalization of administration in the coming period.
This is, first and foremost, the spread of high-speed internet throughout Serbia,
as well as the construction of the State Data Center in Kragujevac as a strategic
infrastructure that will enable the development of new eGovernment services
and increase the security of stored data. The introduction of electronic services
in many more areas is one of the main goals of the state administration