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Хипотека на објекту у изградњи
No full textРјешавање стамбеног питања за сваког члана друштвене заједнице представља conditio sine qua non његовог социјалног битисања. Привилегију да се овом проблематиком не позабаве, немају многи. С обзиром на то да данашњи степен друштвеног развоја намеће као императив да свака породица у својини има непокретност, односно посебан дио непокретности (стан), те да је вишегенерацијска породична заједница постала архаична и крајње непожељна институција, поставља се питање на који начин премостити ове двије тенденције.
Усљед чињенице да, с једне стране имамо енормну потражњу непокретности и све доступније хипотекарне кредите, док је с друге стране неопходно олакшати финансирање објекта прије или у фази изградње, законодавна регулатива ишла је ка томе да „озакони“ конституисање хипотеке на објекту у изградњи, као и на посебном дијелу објекта у изградњи. Сходно томе, куповина будуће ствари, а можемо слободно и рећи „куповина наде“, постала је наша свакодневница
Правни режим пловидбе Дунавом – историјат и позитивно право
No full textИако се у мислима великих и учених људи, посебно током 16. и 17. века, пробудила свест о неопходности остваривања слободне и нешкодљиве употребе река које протичу кроз више различитих држава у пловидбене сврхе, било је потребно да прође још доста година да те прогресивне идеје добију и правни оквир у виду неког универзалног правног акта као и утемељење у позитивном праву европских, а потом и држава на другим континентима.
С тим у вези, током средњег века, државе су максимално искоришћавале недостатак правне регулативе у до тада неразвијеном међународном речном праву, па су доношењем унутрашњих прописа или двостраних споразума успевали да под одређеним условима забране пролазак страних бродова кроз територију своје земље, а да са друге стране допусте пролазак, али уз наметање држави којој брод припада разних новчаних такси или услова које су саме прописале.
Зачетак института слободне навигације међународним рекама у оквиру међународног речног права какво постоји и данас првобитно су донеле напредне идеје француске буржоаске револуције и Декрет францускe револуционарне владе 1797. године којим су поједине реке проглашене слободне за пловидбу свих држава кроз које протичу на неком делу свог тока (прибрежне државе) дуж целог тока реке, тј. од места где та река постаје пловна, па све до ушћа
Fixing the social contract: A blueprint for individual tax reform
Get PDFIn the face of population ageing and demographic decline, nowadays all countries compete for an increasingly valuable asset: human capital. Indeed, the drain of human capital from one country to another concerns not only highly-skilled individuals seeking job opportunities abroad, but also pensioners relocating to sunnier and more tax-friendly jurisdictions. Absent global action, the risk of uncoordinated and unilateral measures taken by countries to increase and protect their own tax base, with adverse effects both from the inter-nation and the intranation equity perspective, is very concrete. So far, however, neither the OECD nor the European Union have developed specific policies or measures in the domain of individual taxation. Arguing that scope of reform exists also in this field, the article explores various policies and measures as a blueprint for individual taxation reform, with the double aim to curb tax competition among countries and fix the crumbling social contract
Restoring the EU citizenship for tax purposes
Get PDFCitizenship-based taxation has become insignificant due to high mobility of individuals, which are completely detached from their polities. The lack of political, social and cultural bonds of the individual with the states has shifted the focus to the concept of tax residence. This contribution sheds light on the concept of supranational citizenship in clear opposition to the nation-state citizenship, for the purposes of legitimizing levying a tax on EU citizens. The ongoing concept of EU citizenship anchored firstly in the principle of mutual recognition and secondly in the emergence of democratic and pluralist values under the so-called European way of life, yields certain imbalances and asymmetries derived from a steep distinction between economically active and economically inactive EU citizens. In the authors view, levying a tax upon EU citizens would enhance the demos and solidarity within the current withered EU integration project
Tax measures to combat brain drain: (In) compatibility issues with double tax conventions and a potential way forward
Get PDFThis article analyzes the interaction between domestic tax legislation applied to avoid or combat a brain drain and the OECD and the UN model tax conventions, the two main models used by states in tax treaty negotiations. After it is demonstrated that brain drain taxes are incompatible with the current tax treaty network, the author presents alternatives that could be included in the model tax conventions, and consequently in tax treaties, to establish the compatibility of the measures, as well as a justification for the adoption of these alternatives in tax treaties involving developing countries
Empirical study of the framing effect as a cognitive bias
Get PDFU radu se prikazuju tipične kognitivne pristrasnosti predstavnika pravnih profesija (sudija, arbitara, advokata, medijatora) i drugih učesnika sudskog (parničnog) postupka (porotnika, parničnih stranaka). Poseban deo rada posvećen je teoriji izgleda i efektu uokviravanja zbog njihovog značaja za proučavanje i predviđanje ponašanja stranaka u postupku. S tim u vezi, sprovedeno je empirijsko istraživanje na uzorku studenata prava. Pošli smo od toga da između grupe tužilaca i tuženih postoji značajna razlika u izboru poravnanja u parnicama sa umerenom ili visokom verovatnoćom dobitaka ili gubitaka, odnosno parnicama sa niskom verovatnoćom dobitaka ili gubitaka. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da su ispitanici podložni efektu uokviravanja samo u parnicama sa umerenom ili visokom verovatnoćom dobitaka ili gubitaka. To istraživanje otvara i određena pitanja, a pre svega ko je u najboljoj poziciji da utiče na okvir u kojem stranke odlučuju. Autor iznosi stav da su, uprkos određenim ograničenjima, u takvoj poziciji medijatori.The paper presents typical cognitive biases of legal professionals (judges, arbitrators, lawyers, mediators) and other participants in judicial (civil) proceedings (jurors, parties). A special part is devoted to prospect theory and the framing effect. In this regard, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of law students. We started from the fact that between the two groups there is a significant difference in the choice of settlement in litigation, with moderate or high likelihood of gains or losses, as well as in litigation with low likelihood of gains or losses. The results confirm that the respondents were susceptible to framing effect only in litigation with moderate/high probability of gains/losses. This study raises some questions, primarily who is in the best position to affect the framework within which the parties decide. The author expresses the view that, despite certain limitations, mediators are in such a position
Differentiated EU Integration for the Western Balkans and (Potential) Role of the EU Agencies
Get PDFDiferencirana integracija od samog nastanka Evropske unije predstavlja
važan oblik organizovanja odnosa između država članica u okviru EU, ali i
same Unije, sa državama koje nisu njen članice. S druge strane, decentralizovane
agencije su postale nezaobilazno obeležje upravljanja u Evropskoj uniji.
Mnoge države koje nisu članice Unije imaju razvijene odnose sa agencijama
EU, što im omogućava da na različite načine utiču na procese regulacije i da
sarađuju sa EU kroz agencije. U ovom poglavlju smo dali osnovnu analizu postojećih
vidova saradnje i pravnih osnova za kooperaciju kroz agencije EU sa
trećim zemljama, kako najrazvijenih nečlanica, tako i država Zapadnog Balkana
koje se nalaze u neizvesnom višedecenijskom procesu integracije u Uniju.
Te države su u prethodne dve decenije prošle kroz različite faze u svom procesu
evropskih integracije i suočavaju se sa brojnim unutrašnjim problemima ali i sa
velikim zamorom od proširenja EU, te je u tom smislu i perspektiva njihovog
članstva u ovom trenutku veoma neizvesna. U poglavlju se ističe da su odnosi
sa evropskim agencijama, kao i učešće u raznovrsnim mrežama i programima
već značajna postojeća odlika diferencirane integracije za Balkan, kao i da se
unapređenje postojećeg okvira može iskoristiti kao način da se saradnja sa regionom
unapredi u nedostatku perspektiva za članstvo. Na taj način, fleksibilni
modeli saradnje kroz agencije postali bi deo alternative za članstvo, dok bi, s
druge strane, omogućile participaciju regiona u politikama EU i transfer evropskog
acquis-a. Imajući u vidu trenutni politički kontekst, otvara se potreba za
daljim istraživanjima pravnih aspekata diferencirane integracije Srbije i Zapadnog
Balkana, u kome participacija i odnosi sa agencijama čine samo jedan, ali
važan deo mozaika.Differentiated integration is a long-established feature of relations among
EU members states and the EU relations with the non-member states. Decentralised
agencies are now indispensable feature of executive governance in the
European Union. Different groups of non-member states engage with decentralised
agencies, enabling them to participate in the EU regulatory process in various
ways. In this paper, we are particularly examining the case of (potential)
candidate countries for the EU membership from the Western Balkans. The
countries of the region have been facing numerous internal challenges coupled
with the EU enlargement fatigue for years and the prospects of their membership
are uncertain in the considerable future. We argue that even without full
membership in the EU, participation in agencies, networks and EU programmes
is an important feature of the differentiated integration approach for the region.
Stepping-up the existing engagement with EU agencies is a tangible way
forward in cooperation with the region in the absence of the membership prospects.
It is concluded that this participation of Western Balkan countries might
become important substitute to EU membership in decade(s) ahead and that a
flexible nature of cooperation through agencies could become valuable asset for
policy and acquis transfer. Having in mind the current political context within
the EU, it is necessary to further explore legal aspects of differentiated EU integration
of Serbia and Western Balkans. Participation in the EU agencies under
this approach would become just a piece in the complex puzzle, albeit a significant
one
Public order: Notion and structure
Get PDFČlanak je posvećen traganjima za suštinom i strukturom javnog poretka, kao opšte kategorije u svakom pravnom i društvenom sistemu, ali i kao klauzule u međunarodnom privatnom pravu. Predočeni su složenost, dinamika i važnost javnog poretka. Autor naglašava da javni poredak u najširem smislu obuhvata kako prinudne propise, tako i moralna i običajna pravila, pa i ustaljenu i priznatu sudsku praksu najviših sudova - kao i primerene krucijalne društvene vrednosti, institute, ali i mere/ radnje javnih tela. Veli da javni poredak ima najmanje dva cilja: 1) zaštitu - ne samo ljudskih sloboda i prava već i društvene celine, zajednice; 2) regulaciju društvenih tokova, posebno javnih službi. Javni poredak se stoga nipošto ne može svesti na ograničavanja (recimo, autonomije volje, posebno slobode ugovaranja) i naređivanja. Obrađena su i najvažnija svojstva javnog poretka, a ponuđena je i klasifikacija odnosne kategorije.The paper explores the essence and structure of public order as a general principle of every legal and social system, as well as a clause in international private law. The complexity, dynamics and importance of public order are described in this paper. The author emphasizes that public order in the broadest sense entails not only mandatory provisions, but also moral rules, accepted standards and judicial practice. This institute covers crucial social values, institutes and actions of public bodies. Public order has at least two objectives: 1) protection - public order protects human rights and freedoms as well as social community, 2) regulation of social processes, especially of public services. For this reason it is not possible to reduce public order to restrictions and/or orders. Finally, the author introduces the most important characteristics of public order and classifications of this institute
Change of employer and preservation of employment: Serbian experience in light of European law
Get PDFProtection of employees in the event of a change of employer in Serbia was first regulated by the Labour Act (2005). This was a result of the harmonization of Serbian legislation with Council Directive 2001/23/EC, while the effect of the European Court of Justice jurisprudence was negligible. Protection is guaranteed regardless of whether the company identity has been preserved or not, thereby making it more favourable than the European concept of transfer of undertaking. Nevertheless, the relevant provisions of the Labour Act have often been evaded in practice, especially when it comes to the application of the principle of preservation of employment. This was facilitated by the content of certain legal provisions. There is a notable need for their improvements, in order to enable employees to continue to work for the transferee under the same working conditions and be protected from dismissals exclusively or predominantly motivated by the change of employer
