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Univerzitetski i visokoškolski bibliotekari - od podrške nastavi do zaštite kulturnog nasleđa
Get PDFSerbia Introduces New Tax Incentives to Boost the Knowledge-Based Economy
No full textIn this article, the authors examine recently introduced legislative amendments in Serbia establishing a tax incentive regime for the knowledge-based economy. With the aim of supporting businesses doing R&D in Serbia, the following tax incentives were instituted: an IP box, double deduction of R&D expenditures, a tax credit for investments in innovative start-ups and a beneficial treatment of employee stock option plans. This article analyses these incentives in detail
About restricted and directed freedom of contracting in insurance contract law
Get PDFAutorka analizira primenu principa slobode ugovaranja na primeru ugovora o osiguranju, posebno onih potrošačkih. Na osnovu pozitivnopravne i uporednopravne analize uočene su dve determinante zakonskog uređenja ugovorne materije osiguranja. Prva je ograničena sloboda ugovaranja, koju autorka smatra vrhovnim načelom ugovornog prava osiguranja. Autorka navodi brojne primere u prilog tvrdnje da u ugovornom pravu osiguranja postoje ograničenja u slobodi odlučivanja da li će se ugovor zaključiti, u slobodi izbora saugovarača i slobodi uređivanja ugovornog odnosa osiguranja. Druga determinanta ugovornog prava osiguranja jeste usmerena sloboda ugovaranja, koja se ostvaruje tehnikom poluimperativnih normi. Zahvaljujući polukogentnom metodu zakonodavac postiže višestruke pravnopolitičke ciljeve, od kojih su najbitniji obezbeđenje zaštite potrošača usluga osiguranja i omogućavanje ugovornim stranama da ugovor u određenoj meri prilagode svojim potrebama. Autorka zaključuje da i u modernim kodifikacijama dominira nova paradigma slobode ugovoranja i zalaže se da srpsko pravo usvoji isti zakonodavni metod prilikom usvajanja lex specialis propisa o ugovoru o osiguranju.The purpose of this article is to highlight the principle of freedom of contracting in the field of insurance contract. Based on Serbian law as it currently stands as well as comparative legal analysis two features of legal regulation of insurance contract are addressed. The first one is called restricted freedom of contracting, which is in our opinion one of the principles of modern insurance contract law. The second mark of insurance contract law is directed freedom of contracting realized by the technics of semi-imperative provisions. Thanks to the semi-imperative method the legislator achieves multiple goals, and such an intervention is, in our opinion, reasonable and necessary due to the protection of the weaker party and creating stimulating regulatory frame to the contracting parties. To conclude with the author advocates the adaption of the new Law on insurance contracts in Serbia as possibly significant step forward in developing insurance law
Legal effects of the fraud originating from the co-surety on the validity of the surety contract and/or the rights of the surety: The victim of the fraud
Get PDFKada je prevarom sajemca naveden na zaključenje ugovora o jemstvu, jemac se može naći u prilično nezavidnoj poziciji jer je krug sredstava koje uspešno može da upotrebi da se zaštiti vrlo ograničen. Naime, kod prevare trećeg, punovažnost ugovora se može osporiti samo izuzetno: ako je saugovarač kriv za prevaru ili je ugovor dobročin, što je vrlo diskutabilno kada je reč o ugovoru o jemstvu. Još su manji izgledi za poništenje pozivanjem na pravila o zabludi: zabluda o solventnosti dužnika (kao najčešća) predstavlja zabludu o motivu koja je samo izuzetno pravno relevantna. Konačno, pravo na naknadu štete od sajemca - autora prevare može biti ograničenog dometa: najpre, postoji rizik da će šteta moći da se naknadi; potom, može se doći i do apsurdne situacije da prevareni jemac ne može odbiti regresni zahtev od sajemca - autora prevare (koji je platio dug), ali bi nakon toga mogao da se koristi pravom na naknadu štete.In case a surety concludes a contract due to fraudulent acts of his co-surety, he may find himself in a rather unenviable position. Remedies for his protection are very limiting. Namely, third parties' fraud only exceptionally leads to the annulment of the contract: if the contracting party is guilty of fraud; or the contract is gratuitous, which is very questionable for surety contract. The chances for annulment are even fewer if we apply the rules of mistake: mistake as to the debtor solvency represents a mistake as to the motif which is only exceptionally legally relevant. Finally, the right to ask damages from co-surety can also be of limited nature: firstly, there is a risk that the damages cannot be compensated; secondly, an absurd situation may occur that the victim of the fraud cannot reject the contribution claim from the co-surety but he may later on ask damages from him
Heritability of the right to compensation for non-pecuniary loss
Get PDFU ovoj disertaciji autor nastoji da odgovori na pitanje da li pravo na naknadu neimovinske štete treba da bude nasledivo i pod kojim uslovima. Povod za ovo istraživanje pružaju restriktivne odredbe srpskog Zakona o obligacionim odnosima, koje isključuju nasledivost prava na naknadu neimovinske štete, osim u slučajevima kada je to pravo priznato pravnosnažnom sudskom odlukom ili pismenim sporazumom između oštećenika i odgovornog lica. Kako bi došao do odgovora, autor istražuje istoriju ustanove neimovinske štete, rešenja iz drugih pravnih sistema i teorijska shvatanja o pojmu neimovinske štete i ciljevima njene naknade. Autor zaključuje da pojam neimovinske štete treba proširiti na sve značajne neimovinske gubitke, koji se mogu kvalifikovati kao ograničenje prava na slobodan razvoj ličnosti, i da pravo na naknadu neimovinske štete treba da bude nasledivo bez ikakvih ograničenja jer je takvo rešenje u skladu s ciljevima koje naknada treba da ostvari.In this dissertation the author attempts to answer the question whether the right to compensation for non-pecuniary loss should pass to the heirs of the victim and under which conditions. This research is occasioned by the restrictive provisions of the Serbian Code of Obligations, which exclude heritability of the right to compensation for non-pecuniary loss, except in cases where that right is recognised by a final court decision or a written agreement between the victim and the responsible party. In order to find the answer, the author examines the history of the institution of non-pecuniary loss, solutions from other legal systems and theoretical conceptions about the notion of non-pecuniary loss and the goals of its compensation. The author concludes that the notion of non-pecuniary loss should be extended to all significant immaterial losses, which may be qualified as restrictions of the right to free development of personality, and that the right to compensation for non-pecuniary loss should pass to the heirs without any restrictions because such solution is fully in line with the goals that the compensation aims to achieve
Four decades of cultural and educational institutions in Pirot
Get PDFU radu je prikazan razvoj prosvetnih i kulturnih institucija u Pirotu od njegovog pripojenja Kraljevini Srbiji 1877. godine do kraja Prvog svetskog rata. Prve osnovne škole osnovane su još 1838, a nakon pripajanja Srbiji one su, sa manje ili više uspeha, obnovljene i nastavile svoj rad, ali po novim školskim programima. Nakon osnovnih, formirane su stručne škole, otvorene nekolike štamparije, a zatim pokrenute i novine. Prva Čitaonica u Pirotu počela je sa radom 1872. i u ovoj godini bi trebalo tražiti zametke bibliotekarstva. Posle 1877. formirano je više biblioteka, čitaonica i jedno čitalište u Pirotu, sve do 1909. godine, kada se Ukazom kralja Petra I Karađorevića osniva prva Javna biblioteka. Balkanski ratovi, a zatim i Prvi svetski rat gotovo su u potpunosti uništili institucije nastale pre 1918. godine, čime je završena početna faza kulturnog razvoja Pirota. Do sada objavljeni radovi najvećim delom donose istorijske činjenice o svim kulturnim ili prosvetnim institucijama, osnivanju štamparija i pojavi štampe u Pirotu i izvesno je da se njihov razvoj uklapao u razvojne tokove država pod čijom upravom se nalazio. Osim toga, sadrže i podatke o tome da je grad imao sve preduslove za brži razvoj prosvete i školstva, kao osnove za formiranje svih tipova biblioteka - od čitaonica, preko školskih i radničkih biblioteka, do javne biblioteke koju koristi najveći krug korisnika, a koje su direktna posledica pismenosti i obrazovne strukture stanovništva. Međutim, nijedan od ovih tekstova ne nudi objašnjenje zbog čega je, pored svih ovih napora i vrlo ranog formiranja škola i biblioteka, nepismenost u Pirotu na razmeđi dva veka bila još uvek ogromna, naročito među ženskim stanovništvom.The paper presents the development of educational and cultural institutions in Pirot from its annexation by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1877 until the end of the First World War. The first primary schools in this area were founded in 1838, and after it was annexed by Serbia, they were renewed and continued their work, with more or less success, but in accordance with the new school programs. After primary schools, vocational schools were established as well. Several printing houses were opened, and then newspapers were launched. The first social library in Pirot started working in 1872, so the beginnings of librarianship in this town should be placed in that year. After 1877, several libraries, reading rooms, and a social library were formed in Pirot, until 1909, when the first Public Library was established by the Decree of King Petar I Karađorević. The Balkan wars, and then the First World War, almost completely destroyed the institutions created before 1918, which ended the initial phase of the cultural development of Pirot. The works published so far bring mostly historical facts about all cultural or educational institutions, the establishment of printing houses and the appearance of the press in Pirot, and it is certain that their development fitted into the developmental trends of the countries under whose administration the town was. They also contain data that testify to the fact that the town had all the prerequisites for faster development of education and school system, as a basis for the formation of all types of libraries - from social libraries, through school and workers' libraries, to the public library used by the largest circle of users, which is a direct consequence of the level of literacy and educational structure of the population. However, none of these texts offers an explanation why, despite all these efforts and the very early formation of schools and libraries, illiteracy in Pirot at the turn of the two centuries was still enormous, especially among the female population
Bernanke Ben S., Timothy F. Geithner, Henry M. Paulson, Jr.: Firefighting: The Financial Crisis and Its Lessons, Penguin Books, New York, 2019
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