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Extended statute of limitations: Divergent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court (of Cassation) and the opinion of the Constitutional Court
Get PDFIako se na normativnom, pa i na praktičnom nivou razlika u nadležnostima Ustavnog suda i redovnih sudova može dobro videti i objasniti, u Srbiji se vodila usijana rasprava o tome da li Ustavni sud uopšte može da kontroliše sudske odluke, odnosno da poništava sudske odluke, a posebno odluke najvišeg suda. Cilj ovog teksta je da prikaže jednu odluku Ustavnog suda koja dobro ilustruje i opravdava razloge zbog kojih je Ustavni sud dobio ovlašćenje da odlučuje i o ustavnim žalbama i tako uđe u prostor neposredne zaštite ustavom zajemčenih ljudskih prava i sloboda. U slučaju koji će biti predmet ovog komentara Ustavni sud je delovao na ujednačavanju nedosledne sudske prakse povodom spora o tome da li privilegovani rok zastarelosti treba da važi prema svakom odgovornom licu, a ne samo prema štetniku, i time zaštitio pravo na pravično suđenje onih građana koji su takvom praksom bili oštećeni.Although the difference in the competences of the Constitutional Courts and courts of general jurisdiction can be observed and explained on the normative and even on the practical level, a heated debate took place in Serbia on whether the Constitutional Court could control judicial decisions at all. This paper seeks to outline one Constitutional Court decision that illustrates the reasons why the Constitutional Court obtained competence for the adjudication of constitutional appeals and therefore entered the area of direct protection of constitutionally guaranteed human rights. In the case that is the subject of this comment, the Constitutional Court acted to harmonize inconsistent case law in the case of the dispute as to whether the prolonged prescription period-in case of damage caused by a criminal offence-runs solely against a wrongdoer, or also against a person liable for damage caused by the wrongdoer, protecting the complainants right to a fair trial
Contractual waiver of claim under the 1978 Yugoslav Code of Obligations
Get PDFThe paper analyses validity of contractual waiver under the Yugoslav Code of Obligations. Generally, the effect of a waiver of claim under the Code would be an obligation to refrain from exercising a certain right that may be invoked as defence against the waived claim. Under the Code of Obligations, a waiver of claim is generally valid. There are cases where validity of the waiver is explicitly excluded. Is a waiver invalid only in cases where it is expressly forbidden? If not, what would be the criteria under which, irrespective of the fact that there is no express prohibition, a waiver would nevertheless fail to produce effects? Are there additional criteria if a future claim is waived? This paper deals with these issues, seeking to set the criteria under which a (generally permitted) waiver of existing and future claims shall not be effective in a concrete case under the Code
The legal position of driver in the Uber transport of passengers
Get PDFU radu se razmatra pravni položaj vozača u odnosu na korisnika usluge prevoza, ali i spram uber-a, kao organizatora tržišta prevoza i samog prevozioca, odnosno špeditera. Vozačev položaj je u velikoj meri određen pravnom prirodom uber-ovog položaja po principu mehanizma "klackalice" - ako je uber posrednik, onda je vozač prevozilac, i suprotno - ako je uber prevozilac, onda je vozač njegov pomoćnik. Takođe, ako se vozač odredi kao prevozilac, onda je nejasno da li je on javni ili privatni prevozilac, imajući u vidu (ne)određenost kruga korisnika usluge prevoza. U prvom delu rada je prikazan uticaj ekonomije deljenja i tehničkog napretka na stvaranje novih oblika prevoza. Zatim je ukazano na pravni problem novog načina organizovanja usluge prevoza, kao i pravne kvalifikacije osnovnih lica u njemu (pre svega, vozača i uber-a, ali i korisnika kao potrošača). Najzad, na kraju se u okviru zaključka vozač određuje prevoziočevim pomoćnikom, dok se njegov položaj zaposlenog kod prevozioca i dalje čini spornim.In the article, the author considers a legal position of a driver in relation to a transport service user and in relation to uber as a transport market maker and transporter, respectively freight forwarder. The driver's role in the uber system is largely determined with the legal nature of Uber's legal position by the principle of the seesaw toy. If uber has an intermediary role, then driver is a carrier, and vice versa, if uber has been deemed a carrier, then a driver has a role as a carrier's assistant. Also, if a driver has been considered as a carrier, then it is unclear whether he is a public or only a private carrier, having in mind an (in)definite number of users. In the first chapter of the article, the author explains the impact of the sharing economy and technical progress on creating a new mode of transport. Furthermore, the legal problem of the new way of providing a transport service has been highlighted, as well as a legal qualification of subjects involved in Uber's business structure. Finally, the author concludes that a driver should be deemed as a carrier's assistant, having in mind that uber as a carrier and as the organizer of the transport market has a decisive influence on the whole process of transporting a passenger (from the beginning phase to ending)
Public invitation to the heirs in probate proceedings and the State as an heir in Serbian law
Get PDFPozivanje naslednika oglasom predstavlja kompromis između istražnog načela u ostavinskom postupku i težnje da se ostavinska rasprava okonča u razumnom roku. Ako ostavinski sud ne može da utvrdi da li uopšte postoji neki privatnopravni subjekt koji bi mogao i hteo da nasledi ili ako sumnja da pored privatnopravnog subjekta za kojeg zna postoje još neki koji imaju isto ili jače pravo na nasleđe, on će pozvati potencijalne naslednike da se prijave na oglas u roku od godinu dana. Posledice nemogućnosti da se rasvetli ko su sve potencijalni naslednici nakon isteka jednogodišnjeg roka za prijavljivanje na oglas u srpskom pravu su različite, u zavisnosti od toga da li tada zaostavštinu treba dodeliti privatnopravnom subjektu ili državi. U takvoj situaciji ostavinski sud će privatnopravnog subjekta oglasiti za naslednika, dok će državi predati zaostavštinu na uživanje, uz mogućnost da stekne svojinu na pokretnim i nepokretnim stvarima iz zaostavštine istekom trogodišnjeg, odnosno desetogodišnjeg roka za održaj, koji se računa od momenta ostaviočeve smrti. Nakon analize praktičnih konsekvenci primene navedenih pravila, autor zaključuje da je zakonodavac propisivanjem posebnog naslednopravnog režima za državu kada se naslednici pozivaju oglasom nju privilegovao kao naslednika i time olakšao prelazak ostavinske mase iz režima privatne u režim javne svojine, što je u suprotnosti sa principom privatnopravnog karaktera nasleđivanja. Osim toga, pravila o dodeljivanju zaostavštine na uživanje Republici Srbiji su i pravno-dogmatski manjkava, jer su u suprotnosti kako sa principom univerzalne sukcesije i ex lege nasleđivanja (u momentu ostaviočeve smrti niko ne postaje naslednik, pa samim tim ni sopstvenik stvari iz zaostavštine), tako i sa opštim stvarnopravnim pravilima o sticanju svojine održajem (omogućuje da subjekt koji drži stvar kao plodouživalac istekom određenih rokova postane sopstvenik).If it is unknown to the court whether the decedent has any heirs, or if the court suspects that the person who has a claim on the inheritance may not be the only or the closest relative of the decedent, the court shall publish a notice inviting people who have a claim on the inheritance to report to the court within one year from the publication of the notice. The public notice or invitation to the possible unknown heirs represents a compromise between the investigative principle in the probate proceedings and the need to bring such proceedings to an end within reasonable time. Following the public invitation by the court, the consequences of failure to identify all possible remaining inheritors shall depend on the identity of the known heir(s). If the known heir is a private entity, the court will declare them as heir. But, if the sole inheritor is the State, it will only acquire the usufruct of the estate, not legal ownership, with the possibility of acquisition of a title or right to property by uninterrupted and undisputed possession for a prescribed term of three years for movables and ten years for real estate. Th ese time limits run from the moment of the decedent's death. After examining the practical consequences of these rules, the author concludes that, by prescribing a special regime of succession for the State as inheritor when the unknown heirs are invited by public notice, the legislator has put the State in a privileged legal position in comparison to private entities. Th e special regime facilitates the transition of the estate from private to public ownership, which is contrary to the principle of the private legal nature of succession. In addition, the rules for allocating inheritance to the State are legally and dogmatically deficient because they are contrary to the principle of universal succession and ex lege inheritance (since at the moment of the decedent's death no one becomes the heir and the legal owner of the estate) and with the general rules on the acquisition of property by acquisitive prescription (as the existing rules enable the usufructuary to become the owner after the passage of the prescribed time period)
Standing in environmental law after Urgenda, Juliana and Covid-19 crises: who should force governments to act in environmental issues related to climate change?
No full textTeaching environmental law and climate change issues one may open a number of questions on relations between environmental protection, governmental duties and public rights, starting with: has a government duty to care and maintain a dissent environment and stable climate conditions?; what is a ground for governmental decision-making on actions threatening sustainability of the climate conditions?; where is the beginning and the end of the responsibility of an individual or of an country? The article outlines the elements that provide the criteria under which one may discus on whether it should be the court to force the government to act or should it be a parliament to set laws initiating actions to protect citizens and their human rights from irreversible climate change? The article points out the recent cases State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation (court decision from December 2019) and Kelsey Cascadia Rose Juliana v. USA (court decision from January 2020). In Urgenda, the court concerned questions: whether the Netherlands is obliged to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from its soil by at least 25% by the end of 2020 compared to 1990, whether the court can order the State to do so and whether the government is bound to protect human rights in climate crisis? In Juliana, a group of children between the ages of eight and nineteen filed suit against the federal government, claiming that the government violated their constitutional rights by causing dangerous carbon dioxide concentrations. Although the court had found the injury and evidence on causation between government's actions and climate crisis, it found a lack of redressability. The aim of the article is to examine if the concepts of European Green Deal presented on January 2019 by the Von der Leyen Commission to enshrine the 2050 climate neutrality target into life are in line with conclusions from analysed cases and lessons learned from COVID-19 crisis
Casey-Maslen Stuart, Tobias Vestner: A Guide to International Disarmament Law, Routledge, New York, 2019
Get PDFAdaptation of consumer law to the digital age: EU Directive 2019/2161 on modernisation and better enforcement of consumer law
Get PDFThis Paper examines the most important innovations in the recently adopted European Directive 2019/2161 on better enforcement and modernisation of Union consumer protection rules. First, by adding the innovative rules, such as the ones on the trustworthiness of online reviews, the Directive aims to adapt the European regulatory framework on consumer protection to the challenges and particularities of the digital age and the digital market. Second, through the sharp rise of the fines for breach of consumer law and through the introduction of a mandatory individual remedy to the consumers who has been a victim of unfair commercial practices, the Directive substantially contributes to strengthening of the general enforcement mechanism of EU consumer law and achievement of high level of consumer protection
Risk assessment and advancement in treatment in Sremska Mitrovica correctional facility
Get PDFProcena rizika je jedno od osnovnih pitanja i predmeta interesovanja svih onih koji se bave analizom lica prema kojima se izvršava kazna zatvora. Nakon osnovnih teoretskih postavki, sagledavanja sadržine Upitnika za procenu rizika te relevantnih istraživanja u toj oblasti, u radu su predstavljeni rezultati empirijskog istraživanja koje su autori sproveli u Kazneno-popravnom zavodu (KPZ) u Sremskoj Mitrovici na uzorku od 150 osuđenika, koji su otpušteni iz te ustanove u periodu od 2016. do 2018. godine. U istraživanju se pošlo od hipoteza: (1) da najveći broj osuđenika primarno bude razvrstan u zatvoreno odeljenje zavoda, odnosno nepovoljniji tretman; (2) da najveći deo osuđenika napreduje u tretmanu u povoljniju kategoriju i (3) da oni osuđenici koji su napredovali u tretmanu češće dobijaju uslovni otpust. Hipoteze su sagledane pre svega sa aspekta procenjenog stepena rizika na osnovu Upitnika za procenu rizika i pripadnosti određenoj tretmanskoj grupi.Risk assessment is one of the main areas of interest of experts dedicated to the analysis of offenders convicted to imprisonment. After theoretical assumptions, consideration of the Risk Assessment Questionnaire and relevant research in this area, we present results of an empirical study conducted in PCI Sremska Mitrovica, on a sample of 150 offenders released between 2016 and 2018. The basic hypotheses were: (1) most offenders are primarily classified into closed wards; (2) most offenders advance during the treatment into a more favorable category, and (3) those who have advanced are paroled. The hypotheses are analysed from the aspect of estimated risk based on Risk Assessment Questionnaire and being in a particular treatment group. These hypotheses have been confirmed
Administrative Contracts in Serbian Law - Specificities of the New Statutory Regime
No full textThe subject of this paper is the special legal regime for administrative contracts under the recently enacted Serbian Law on General Administrative Procedure of 2016. We offer a comprehensive analysis of the new statutory rules, and examine their relationship to the general rules and principles of Serbian contract law. In addition, we identify the main shortcomings of the new regime, especially in the context of the lack of any statutory, scholarly and judicial typology of administrative contracts in Serbia. Furthermore, we highlight the lack of references to the notions of public interest, public purpose or public needs in the statutory definition of administrative contracts. This is cause for concern, since only the need to protect the public interest could justify the new statutory provisions, which significantly improve the contractual position of a public body as a contracting party in relation to the position of a private entity as the other party in administrative contracts. There is as yet no case law pertaining to administrative contracts in Serbia. This is why we turn to practical experience in the Croatian legal system, which is sufficiently similar and historically connected to Serbia via a shared Yugoslav heritage. We also consider German and French legal models, since they traditionally serve as comparative points of reference for Serbian legal scholars, judges and law makers
Small soirees or the infancy of storytelling: A program for children of the public library in Belgrade between the two world wars
Get PDFPrvo dečje odeljenje u Beogradu osnovano je zajedno sa prvom javnom bibliotekom - Bibliotekom i Muzejom Opštine grada Beograda. Od svečanog otvaranja 31. januara 1931. godine u njemu su organizovane različite forme rada sa decom. Iako se više puta pisalo o radu ovog odeljenja, čini se da su pojedini oblici saradnje sa decom nedovoljno istaknuti. Osim toga, u Dečjem odeljenju imenovan je i prvi dečji bibliotekar na teritoriji, kako tadašnje države, tako i srpskih javnih biblioteka u celini, Nadežda Basurović. Ona je do sada sporadično pominjana u stručnoj literaturi, ali njen rad i ljubav sa kojom je posvećeno vodila odeljenje i kulturno-prosvetnu delatnost nisu do sada istraženi ni objavljeni. U ovom tekstu predstavljena su dečja posela - "mala sela" kao preteča savremenih kulturnih programa i rad prvog imenovanog srpskog dečjeg bibliotekara. Članak je nastao na osnovu građe Zavičajnog odeljenja Biblioteke grada Beograda i godišnjih izveštaja o radu Biblioteke, građe Arhiva Beograda te objavljenih napisa u serijskim i monografskim publikacijama.In 1928, based on the Law on Municipalities, the Court of the Municipality of the City of Belgrade made a decision on the establishment of the City Library and the Museum of Belgrade. The first librarian, Marija Ilić Agapova, was hired next year. Over the next year and a half until the opening ceremony of the library and the museum, initially alone and later with a small circle of associates, she collected, arranged, systematized and processed material for the library funds, and drafted the Work Programme and the Rulebook of the Library of the Municipality of the City of Belgrade (1930). From the very beginning, together with working on the library fund for adults, Marija Ilić Agapova began to collect and arrange material for the formation of the Department for Children and Young Adults, following the example of English and world library practice. This department began its official work on January 11, 1931. Work on cultural and educational activities in the Children's Reading Room started immediately after organizing the lending/borrowing procedures. On March 15, the first official children's librarian was appointed - it was Nadežda Basurović. This paper presents children's soirees - small soirees, as a precursor of modern cultural programs for children, which are now realized in numerous domestic and international libraries and are denoted by the term storytelling. In addition, it presents the work of Nadežda Basurović, the first appointed children's librarian in Serbia. The paper was created on the basis of preserved reports written by children's librarians, kept in the Old and Rare Books and Books on Belgrade / Local History Department of the Belgrade City Library, as well as on the basis of materials stored in the Historical Archives of Belgrade, articles published in serial and monographic publications, and data from the annual reports of the Belgrade City Library