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Legal regime of land in the mining areas of medieval Serbia
Get PDFCilj rada je da osvetli pravni režim zemljišta u rudarskim krajevima srednjovekovne Srbije, te da istraži u kojoj meri je srpsko pravo recepcija saskog i šta je ratio legis člana 123. Dušanovog zakonika, jedinog u toj kodifikaciji u kojem se spominju Sasi. Upotrebljeno je jezičko, sistemsko i istorijsko tumačenje izvora, kao i njihova regresivna i komparativna analiza.The aim of the research is to cast light on the legal regime of the mining area land in medieval Serbia and to answer to what extent Saxon customary mining law was accepted in this aspect and what the ratio legis of article 123 of Dušan's Code was? It seems likely that until the enactment of Dušan's Code it was possible to occupy land cleared for mining purposes and to acquire property of the mining area, which was previously res nullius. However, Dušan's Code changed this rule prescribing only the possibility of acquiring the time limited mining concession, which was motived by possible permanent monopolization of the land in the mining areas. At the same time, the Code proclaimed the right of ore search and exploration on the feudal lords' land. Similarities to the older Hungarian and Czech law indicates legal transplantation. The mining concession was regulated in Despot Stefan's Mining Code for Novo Brdo, which prescribed detailed rules for losing the concession in the case of neglecting the mining activity. Based on similarities one can assume that these rules were mostly the reception of the Saxon customary mining law, also written in late medieval mining laws of Hungary and Czechia. However, the small differences may show that after one and a half century the Serbian mining community introduced its own unique rules. Research is based on linguistic, systematic and historical analysis of the sources as well as the regressive analysis and comparative method
The Conference of the Parties: A future for a more profound multilateralism in tax matters?
Get PDFIstraživanje predstavljeno u ovom radu ima za predmet analizu praktičnog domašaja Konferencije ugovornih strana, mehanizma koji je sadržan u čl. 31 Međunarodne konvencije za primenu mera koje se u cilju sprečavanja erozije poreske osnovice i premeštanja dobiti odnose na poreske ugovore, koja je potpisana 7. juna 2017. godine u Parizu i među čijim potpisnicama figuriraju čak 94 poreske jurisdikcije. Budući da je domen primene Konferencije ugovornih strana uslovljen specifičnom pravnom prirodom i načinom funkcionisanja pomenute konvencije, prvi deo rada biće posvećen njihovom ispitivanju i objašnjavanju. Naredni deo izlaganja biće usmeren na detaljno razmatranje odredaba Konvencije koje su usmerene na uspostavljanje proceduralnog okvira u kome bi Konferencija ugovornih strana trebalo da bude primenjena. Srž rada čini analiza, sa osloncem na Bečku konvenciju o ugovornom pravu, ključnih aspekata proceduralnog okvira Konferencije ugovornih strana koje je Konvencija propustila da uredi: postupka odlučivanja Konferencije ugovornih strana, kao i pravnih efekata njenih budućih odluka. Premda ostaje upitno da li bi Konferencija ugovornih strana mogla da ima ulogu značajnu u meri u kojoj je to slučaj u drugim segmentima međunarodnog javnog prava, a imajući u vidu tradicionalno odbojan pristup država ograničenjima njihovog fiskalnog suvereniteta, autorka zaključuje da bi analizirani mehanizam mogao da posluži kao osnov za produbljenu saradnju u poreskoj materiji među jurisdikcijama širom sveta, posebno u okolnostima u kojima se svet suočava sa novom ekonomskom krizom. Čini se preko potrebnim izmeštanje formulisanja međunarodne poreske politike iz kruga šačice najrazvijenijih država u ruke šireg kruga poreskih jurisdikcija različitog nivoa ekonomskog razvoja, za šta bi Konferencija ugovornih strana mogla da pruži polazni pravni okvir.The present contribution is aimed at assessing the potential practical reach of the Conference of the Parties, a mechanism provided for under art. 31 of the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, which was signed on 7 June 2017 in Paris and to which currently 94 taxing jurisdictions are signatories. Since the scope of application of the Conference of the Parties is conditioned on the legal nature and modus operandi of the said Convention, the first part of the article will be dedicated to their analysis. Furthermore, the author will consider in detail the provisions of the Convention intended to establish the procedural framework for the operation of the Conference of the Parties. The analysis will then be focused on some of the essential questions which the Convention failed to regulate: the decision-making process applicable by the Conference of the Parties and the legal effect of its future decisions, by having recourse to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Although it remains questionable if the Conference of the Parties could have a role as important as it does in other fields of public international law, considering the countries' traditionally vigilant approach to the limitations of their fiscal sovereignty, the author contends that this mechanism could potentially serve as a basis for a more thorough cooperation between taxing jurisdictions worldwide, especially now that the world is struggling with yet another economic crisis. What seems to be necessary in this respect is the shift of international tax policy design from a handful of richest countries to a more inclusive circle of jurisdictions, for which the Conference of the Parties could provide a framework
General basis of contractual liability in Serbian law
Get PDFU ovom radu pisac razmatra pitanje da li je ugovorna odgovornost po Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima načelno subjektivna ili objektivna. Razlog ovog razmatranja je taj što su se u skorije vreme javila uverenja da je ona objektivna, nasuprot starijim shvatanjima da je ona subjektivna. Nakon kratkog razmatranja razloga na kojim se zasnivaju starija i novija shvatanja, pisac zaključuje da je ugovorna odgovornost u Srbiji zakonom uređena kao subjektivna, zasnivajući takvo shvatanje na istorijskom, sistematskom i gramatičkom tumačenju odredaba Zakona o obligacionim odnosima. To znači da smatra da je krivica štetnika opšti osnov na kojem se zasniva ugovorna odgovornost u Srbiji, ako u pojedinom slučaju posebnim pravilima nije predviđeno neko odstupanje (poseban osnov odgovornosti). Pisac se ne upušta u pitanje ekonomske i pravne politike o opravdanosti takvog zakonskog rešenja.This contribution is an analysis of the question if the contractual liability under the Obligation Relationships Act is subjective or objective one, in principle. There are some recent convictions that its legal nature is objective, contrary to the older apprehensions that its nature is subjective, and that is the reason for this analysis. After a brief explanation of the reasons for older and newer apprehensions, the author concludes that the contractual liability in Serbia is legally regulated as subjective one. He bases his opinion on the historical, systematic and linguistic interpretation of the provisions of the Obligation Relationships Act. It means that he thinks that the general basis for the contractual liability in Serbia is debtor's fault, unless there is special provision providing for some exception (special ground of liability). The author does not involve himself in question of economic and legal policy justification of this statutory solution
Contractual liability of warehousekeeper
Get PDFU ovom radu se razmatra odgovornost skladištara za gubitak i oštećenje robe tokom uskladištenja. Iako je većinsko shvatanje u srpskoj pravnoj teoriji da je ugovorna odgovornost skladištara objektivna, autor navodi više argumenata u prilog njegove de lege lata subjektivne odgovornosti. Iako postoje opravdani razlozi da odgovornost skladištara de lege ferenda bude objektivna, na osnovu analize odredbe Zakona o obligacionim odnosima o oslobođenju skladištara od odgovornosti ne može se doneti nesumnjiv zaključak da skladištar odgovara objektivno, odnosno bez obzira na svoju krivicu. Osim Zakona o obligacionim odnosima, autor razmatra i odredbe drugih zakona koji regulišu ovo pitanje. Rad sadrži i analizu uporednog prava kako bi se uvidelo kakva je regulativa ovog pitanja u stranom zakonodavstvu i da li ono može poslužiti kao uzor prilikom eventualnih izmena našeg zakonskog teksta.In this paper the author analyzes liability of warehousekeeper for loss of or damage to goods in the course of storage. Although there is a majority opinion in Serbian legal doctrine that the contractual liability of warehousekeeper is strict one, the author makes several arguments in favor of his de lege lata fault-based liability. Despite the fact that there are justifiable reasons for strict liability of the warehousekeeper de lege ferenda, on the basis of the analysis of the provisions of Serbian Law of Contracts and Torts (Law on Obligations) on warehousekeeper's exemption from contractual liability, no indisputable conclusion can be drawn that the warehousekeeper's liability is strict one, i.e. no-fault liability. In addition to the provisions of the Law on Obligations, the author also considers the provisions of other Serbian laws that regulate this issue. This paper also contains an analysis of comparative law in order to observe the regulation of this issue in foreign countries' law and make the conclusion whether comparative law could serve as a model for any amendments of Serbian legislation
Involuntary dissolution for deadlock and oppression
Get PDFSrpsko kompanijsko pravo daje članovima privrednih društava pravo da zahtevaju od suda da naloži pokretanje postupka likvidacije. U ovom radu autor analizira materijalne uslove koji moraju biti ispunjeni da bi sud doneo ovakvu odluku. Najvećim delom rad se bavi razlozima (materijalnopravnim pretpostavkama) za prestanak, i to prevashodno blokadom društva i ugnjetavanjem manjine. Ova tema je aktuelna iz najmanje tri razloga. Prvo, u sudskoj praksi su sve češći slučajevi pokretanja ovakvih postupaka, a o mnogim spornim pitanjima još uvek nisu zauzeti zajednički stavovi. Drugo, u domaćoj teoriji se nedovoljno razume suština ovog prava članova, te se ono gotovo isključivo vezuje za prava manjinskih članova. Treće, zakonske odredbe su veoma neprecizne i široko formulisane, te omogućavaju raznovrsna tumačenja. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da objasni suštinu svakog od razloga za prestanak privrednog društva po ovom osnovu, sa posebnim osvrtom na njihovo razumevanje u uporednoj sudskoj praksi.Serbian company law recognizes the right of shareholders to seek judicial dissolution of the company. In this article, the author analyzes material conditions for ordering dissolution, with a special emphasis on deadlock and oppression. There are at least three reasons why this topic is very important for Serbia. Firstly, judicial cases involving dissolution request by shareholders are more often, and unfortunately at this point there are many open questions still not resolved in practice. Secondly, in domestic literature this right is almost exclusively associated with shareholders' minority rights, and that is only partially correct. Thirdly, legal norms dealing with this right are very imprecise and broadly formulated, and therefore can be interpreted in different ways. This article tries to clarify the essence of each reason for judicial dissolution of a company requested by shareholders, particularly by using experiences in comparative judicial practice
Abbas S. Ali, Alex Pienkowski, Kenneth Rogoff: Sovereign Debt: A Guide for Economists and Practitioners, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020
Get PDFDeterminants of moral beliefs of lawyers in Serbia
Get PDFIspitivanje etičkih uverenja sadašnjih i budućih članova advokatske profesije predstavlja važan korak ka adekvatnom definisanju i razumevanju faktora koji utiču na njihovo formiranje i promenu. U radu je predstavljena analiza etičkih uverenja različitih kategorija pravnika u Srbiji, korišćenjem faktorske analize (analize glavnih komponenti) na uzorku od 325 ispitanika, advokata, advokatskih pripravnika i studenata. Analiziran je uticaj socio-demografskih činilaca (pol, starost, pozicija i dužina radnog staža) na etička uverenja. Predstavljene su oblasti i pravila ponašanja uređena Kodeksom u odnosu na koje postoji najveća nesaglasnost između uverenja i propisanih pravila ponašanja. Najvažniji nalazi ukazuju da starost i radno iskustvo ispitanika direktno utiču na pooštravanje njihovih etičkih uverenja kada su u pitanju određeni tipovi neetičkih ponašanja.Examining of the moral beliefs of current and future members of the legal profession is an important step toward properly understanding and defining the factors that influence their formation and change. This paper presents an analysis of the moral beliefs of different categories of legal professionals in Serbia, using factor analysis (principal components analysis) on a sample of 325 respondents, attorneys at law, legal trainees, and students. The impact of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, position, and length of service) on moral beliefs is analyzed. We present areas and norms where the greatest discrepancy between beliefs and the Code in force exists. The most important findings indicate that respondents age and work experience directly influence stricter ethical beliefs when it comes to certain types of unethical behavior
Intellectual history of a textbook: Radomir Lukićs introduction to law between Marx and Kelsen
Get PDFRadomir Lukićs Introduction to Law was a model textbook in Communist Yugoslavia for nearly fifty years. Still in use as a learning source in present-day Serbia, it combines Marxist theory of law with Kelsens normativism in order to explain the legal rule as a social fact without denying its normative dimension. In order to discern the reasons for and patterns of this synthesis, the paper compares the first five consecutive editions of Lukićs textbook, as milestones of the authors intellectual evolution. The initial hypothesis is that Lukićs teaching was no more than a reinterpretation of his Parisian doctoral thesis from the late 1930s. Inspired by French theory of social law and despite being Marxist, his teaching was not of Marxist origin. As such, it facilitates understanding of the Communist theory of law, especially Marxist perception and reception of Kelsenian normativism
Monopolization standards in US competition law: Evolution and evaluation
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of the US Antitrust Law. Section 2 of the Sherman Act stipulates that it is unlawful to monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations. The article presents case law that reflects the evolution of monopolization standards and provides some interpretations of undertakings behavior that can be defined as monopolization. US practice shows that monopolization standards have changed several times, in accordance with the need to increasingly consider economic efficiencies and the consequences of making wrong decisions, which may lead to reduced innovation and other behaviors of undertakings that increase economic efficiency and improve competition, which is a type I error
Legal uncertainty as the impediment to economic growth of Serbia
Get PDFPravna nesigurnost predstavlja jednu od najvećih prepreka za održiv ekonomski rast u zemljama u tranziciji. Neodgovarajući pravni okvir je često izvor pravne nesigurnosti i nepremostiva prepreka za efektivnu vladavinu prava i nezavisno sudstvo. Svrha ovog naučnog rada je istraživanje uticaja kaznene politike na prevenciju poreske nediscipline. Unapređenje pravnog okvira i poreske discipline stvara sinergetski efekat za privlačenje stranih direktnih investicija, unapređenje alokacije resursa i snažniji ekonomski rast. U radu su analizirani nedostaci postojećeg zakonskog rešenja, sudska praksa i kriminalizacija poreske evazije u odabranim evropskim državama. Holistički pristup u istraživanju je omogućio definisanje konkretnog predloga za unapređenje pravnog okvira i posledično povećanje pravne sigurnosti čime se pozitivno utiče na ekonomski rast Srbije u srednjem i dugom roku.Legal uncertainty represents one of the major impediments to sustainable economic growth of transition countries. Inadequate legal framework is often the source of legal uncertainty and strong impediment to effective rule of law and efficient judiciary. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of penal policy on the prevention of tax indiscipline. The improvement of legal framework and tax discipline creates a synergistic effect for attraction of FDI, enhanced allocation of resources and higher economic growth. The analysis of the shortcomings of the existing legal solution is accompanied by the assessment of the prevailing case law and tax evasion criminalization in the selected European countries. Holistic approach to research allowed for the development of a specific proposal for the enhancement of legal framework and, consequently, the increase of legal certainty with positive effects on the economic growth of Serbia in the medium and long term