RALF
Not a member yet
2273 research outputs found
Sort by
The right to vote and the possibility of participation in political and public life of adults under guardianship in international human rights treaties and legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFBiračko pravo, kao jedno od univerzalnih ljudskih prava, u Bosni i Hercegovini još uvijek nije dostupno svim državljanima. Konkretno, to su punoljetne osobe pod starateljstvom kojima je oduzeta poslovna sposobnost. To se, kao posljedica naslijeđene pravne prošlosti, događa uprkos činjenici da se time krše odredbe Ustava BiH, kao i odredbe brojnih međunarodnih dokumenata, posebno Konvencija UN o pravima osoba s invaliditetom, koju je BiH ratifikovala 2010. godine. Takvo postupanje, odnosno primjena zakonodavstva, prema kome se osobama s oduzetom poslovnom sposobnošću automatski, bez individualne procjene i zasebne sudske odluke, oduzima pravo glasa, u suprotnosti je s dosadašnjom praksom Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (presuda u predmetu Alajos Kiss protiv Mađarske, 2010). Ono je također u suprotnosti i s odredbama čl. 12, St. 2 i čl. 29(a) Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom, prema kojima osobe s invaliditetom imaju pravo na poslovnu sposobnost, odnosno pravo i mogućnost da glasaju i budu birane.The right to vote, which is one of the universal human rights, is still not available to all citizens in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More specifically, adults under guardianship are being deprived of their legal capacity. This is a consequence of the inherited legal past and occurs despite the fact that it violates the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as numerous international legal instruments ratified by BH. This practice allows persons with deprived legal capacity to be automatically deprived of their right to vote without any individual assessment and/or court decision. It is contrary to the European Court of Human Rights practice as well as to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which prescribes that persons with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life, including the right and opportunity to vote and be elected
Voigt Stefan: Constitutional Economics: A Primer, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020
Get PDFCompetition law in the age of COVID-19
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to provide a short overview and analysis of some competition authorities responses to the COVID-19 emergency, by evaluating the state of play and, where relevant, making proposals for how competition law and its enforcement might develop worldwide. The article contributes to the existing international debate about the consequences of the current COVID-19 crisis on competition law. The analysis is limited to restrictive agreements, abuse of dominance and merger control. The undertakings must primarily be aware of that current crisis is not an excuse to breach competition laws and that competition laws continue to apply, with no general crisis exemption, nor during the COVID-19 crisis. The competition authorities are accommodating their practice in addressing restrictive agreements (cooperation between competitors in times of economic crisis), abuse of dominance (measures to protect against exploitative pricing), and merger control (procedural and substantive aspects of control)
Cultural heritage: Right, identity and dignity: Right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage as a human right
Get PDFU međunarodnom pravu ljudskih prava uspostavljenom nakon Drugog svetskog rata, kao jedno od kulturnih prava, tradicionalno najzapostavljenije od pet kategorija ljudskih prava (građanska, politička, ekonomska, socijalna i kulturna prava), figurira i pravo na učešće u kulturnom životu, a njegov segment po prirodi stvari je i pravo na pristup kulturnom nasleđu i uživanje kulturnog nasleđa. Iako je međunarodnom pravu ljudskih prava tako uspostavljen osnov za tretiranje prava na pristup kulturnom nasleđu i uživanje kulturnog nasleđa kao ljudskog prava, u međunarodnopravnim aktima koji se bave pitanjem zaštite kulturnog nasleđa dugo je preovladavao pristup kod koga su kulturna dobra štićena zbog njihove inherentne vrednosti. Tek je od nedavno, i to sa pojavom potrebe i interesovanja da se očuva kulturna raznovrsnost i da se štiti nematerijalno kulturno nasleđe, počela da se naglašava veza, pa i pravna veza, između kulturnog nasleđa i ljudskih zajednica, grupa i pojedinaca sa posebnim subjektivnim odnosom prema njemu. Tako se postepeno uspostavlja na ljudskim pravima zasnovan sistem zaštite kulturnog nasleđa i dolazi do približavanja onog segmenta međunarodnog prava koji se bavi ljudskim pravima sa onim segmentom koji se bavi kulturnim nasleđem. Da bi se neko pravo smatralo ljudskim pravom, pored volje kreatora prava da tako bude, neophodno je i postojanje određenih vrednosti koje predstavljaju osnov za to i koje bi trebalo da se štite kroz zaštitu tog ljudskog prava. Iz niza međunarodnopravnih akata proističe a u teoriji je široko rasprostranjeno shvatanje da, kada se radi o kulturnim pravima, uključujući i pravo na pristup kulturnom nasleđu i uživanje kulturnog nasleđa, takav osnov predstavljaju identitet, pre svega kulturni identitet, i ljudsko dostojanstvo. Iako je, dakle, postavljen osnov da se pravo na pristup kulturnom nasleđu i uživanje kulturnog nasleđa tretira kao ljudsko pravo, neophodno je da se razjasni i na pravnom planu razradi niz pitanja koja bi trebalo da omoguće efektivno uživanje navedenog prava. Taj zadatak je u rukama država, bilo kao učesnicima u usvajanju akata međunarodnog prava bilo kao kreatorima nacionalnog prava, pa ostaje otvoreno pitanje kakav će biti njihov stav prema daljem razvoju na ljudskim pravima zasnovanog sistema zaštite kulturnog nasleđa.In international human rights law established after World War Two, one of cultural rights that has been traditionally most neglected out of five categories of human rights (civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights), is the right to participation in cultural life, while its segment, by the nature of things, is also the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage. Although international human rights law thus establishes the basis for treating the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage as a human right, international acts dealing with the matters of cultural heritage protection have had a long-prevailing approach in which cultural goods were protected because of their inherent value. It was only recently, with the emerging needs and interests in respect of the safeguarding of cultural diversity and protection of intangible cultural heritage, that the emphasis began to be placed on the relationship, including the legal one, between cultural heritage and human communities, groups and individuals with a special subjective attitude towards it. That is how the human-rights based system of cultural heritage protection was gradually established and the segment of international law dealing with human rights was brought closer to the segment dealing with cultural heritage. In order to consider a right as a human right, apart from the will of law-makers to be like that, it also requires the existence of certain values which constitute the basis for it and which should be safeguarded through the protection of that human right. An understanding deriving from a series of international legal acts and being widespread in theory is that, when it comes to cultural rights, including the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage, such basis is constituted by identity, first of all cultural identity, and human dignity. Therefore, although the foundation is laid for the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage to be treated as a human right, it is necessary to clarify and elaborate, at the legal level, a number of questions which should ensure effective enjoyment of this right. The task is in the hands of states, either as participants in the adoption of international law acts or as national law-makers, so the question remains open as to the nature of their attitude to further development of the human-rights based system of cultural heritage protection
Emotionalization of criminal law in the process of adopting and amending criminal legislation
Get PDFAutori u radu istražuju fenomen emocionalizacije krivičnog prava, koji se manifestuje u tri faze: u zakonodavnom postupku, sadržinski u okviru same norme i u krivičnom postupku. I dok je nepristrasnost sudije predmet načela i mehanizama krivičnog postupka, a subjektivno obojena sadržina krivičnopravnih normi postala predmet diskusije nakon niza izmena i dopuna KZ, posebno nakon izdvajanja mržnje kao obavezne otežavajuće okolnosti, dotle emocionalizacija zakonodavnog postupka nije bila u centru pažnje. Nakon uvoda u kom se ukazuje na značaj i aktuelnost teme, povezivanja sa osnovnim ciljevima i legitimnošću državne vlasti, te navođenju komparativno-istorijskih primera, analizirana je emocionalizacija, uz pojašnjenje sâmog pojma emocija, na primeru poslednjih izmena i dopuna Krivičnog zakonika iz 2019. godine.The authors of this paper examine the phenomenon of emotionalization of criminal law, which emanates in three stages: in the legislative process, within the content of respective legal provisions, and in criminal procedure. The third stage is well-identified as such and, here, procedural principles aim to guarantee impartiality of the judge. Regarding the content, discussions about negative feelings were part of the dogmatical upgrading of hate as an obligatory aggravating circumstance envisaged in prior amendments to the Serbian Criminal Code. On the other hand, the emotionalization of legislative procedure, perceived as the process of adopting and amending criminal legislation in an emotionalized context, has largely remained in the background. After elaborating on the relevance and topicality of this issue, the authors connect it with the basic goals of law and legitimacy of state power, provide various definitions and explain the notion of emotions by referring to examples from comparative law. Thereupon, the concept of emotionalization of law is analyzed with reference to the legal provisions from the latest amendments to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia (2019)
The parliament of the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: projects, the constitution, and reality (1918–29)
No full textThe kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, founded in 1918, enacted its first constitution (the Vidovdan–St. Vitus Day–constitution) on 28 June 1921. This constitution remained in force until 6 January 1929. Although various projects and drafts existed for the constitution, with very different concepts of what the parliament should look like, the one finally adopted was largely based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, with a more or less classical unicameral parliamentary model. However, in practice, the parliament was weak and frequently hindered by obstructions, and the king (Alexander Karađorđević) played the leading role. This article focuses on presenting the position of the parliament according to the Vidovdan constitution, but with a glance both backwards and forwards–to the alternatives that were proposed in other constitutional projects (and the Serbian constitution of 1903), and to how these constitutional regulations performed (or failed to perform) in practice
Resolution of dual residence instances in the case of companies
Get PDFThe application of double taxation treaties presupposes that the potential cases of dual residence have been previously resolved. For this purpose, the major model-conventions on the basis of which double taxation treaties around the globe are negotiated contain the so-called tie-breaker rule. In the wake of the recent revision of the international tax system resulting from the OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan, the existing tie-breaker rule for companies has been thoroughly amended. Instead of determining companies' residence based on the place of the effective management criterion, the new approach stipulates that such cases will be decided through the application of the Mutual Agreement Procedure, between the competent authorities of the relevant contracting states. After outlining the historical development of the said mechanism in the context of dual residence resolution, this article purports to critically assess its desirability, with a special focus on its implementation in Serbia
Administrative law: Embryo of the new conception
Get PDFSadržina upravnog prava zavisi od određenja javne uprave. Pravna doktrina, domaća i inostrana, poznaje i neguje različita stanovišta o njoj. Autor ovoga članka - nastojeći da naučnoj i stručnoj javnosti ponudi bar zrnce novog pristupa - smatra da je javna uprava sprovedbena funkcija, praćena podzakonsko-regulatornim i zaštitnim instrumentima, koja obuhvata i mehanizme otklanjanja štetnih posledica po javni poredak - sve to na podlozi zakona i u njegovim okvirima - radi ostvarivanja i obezbeđivanja kako javnih interesa, zadovoljavanja javnih potreba, tako i pojedinačnih pravnih situacija građana i njihovih kolektiviteta. Sledstveno, predmet upravnog prava, kao konstitutivnog elementa javnog poretka, jeste struktura javne uprave i njeno delovanje, čiji je rezultat formiranje upravnih odnosa, sa trojakom ulogom - regulatornom, sprovedbenom i zaštitnom, zaokruženom upravnim sudovanjem - na temelju i u granicama zakona. Posredi je razuđen sistem javnopravnih normi u koje su utkani instrumenti doziranog autoritativnog uticaja čija je misija da poveže i operativno-kontrolno obezbedi glavne društvene tokove i njihove učesnike.The content of administrative law depends on the determination of public administration. Legal doctrine, domestic as well as foreign, has developed different approaches to public administration. Striving to offer the professional and scientific public at least a somewhat novel approach, the author of this paper considers public administration as an executive function, followed by regulatory and protective instruments. It implements mechanisms of elimination of harmful consequences to public policy, based on the law and within the law, in order to achieving and safeguarding provide public interest goals, as well as individual legal situations of the citizens and their collectivities. Consequently, the subject of administrative law, as a constitutional element of public policy, is the structure of public administration and its operation, which results in the formation of administrative relations. It has a triple role: regulatory, executive and protective, which is rounded off by administrative judging
Preliminary tax opinion: Plaidoyer for its redesigning in Serbian tax law
Get PDFPrethodno poresko mišljenje je jedan od retkih poresko-procesnih instituta koji predstavlja nedostajuću kariku u srpskom poreskom pravu, dok je inače zastupljen u većini savremenih država. On je prvenstveno usmeren ka poboljšanju pravne sigurnosti poreskih obveznika, a odnosi se na poreski tretman njihovih nameravanih budućih transakcija. Dajući, na zahtev obveznika, prethodno poresko mišljenje, poreska administracija se obavezuje da donese poresko rešenje određene sadržine u datoj poreskoj upravnoj stvari. Osloncem na komparativnopravni metod, autori razmatraju vrste prethodnih poreskih mišljenja, uslove pod kojima se ona mogu izdavati, troškove izdavanja, kao i domete primene i efekte prethodnih poreskih mišljenja. Autori naročito nastoje da, analizirajući stavove srpske upravnopravne doktrine o garantnom aktu, ustanove pravnu prirodu prethodnog poreskog mišljenja. Oni ukazuju na ograničenja postojećeg sistema obavezujućih poreskih mišljenja u Srbiji, sa ciljem da predlože rešenja koja bi trebalo ugraditi u Zakon o poreskom postupku i poreskoj administraciji.Advance tax ruling represents a missing link in Serbian tax law. It is aimed at advancement of taxpayers' legal certainty and deals with the tax treatment of their future transactions. By issuing a ruling at the taxpayer's request, the tax administration obliges itself to issue a tax decision with specified content in regard to the particular set of facts. Relying on comparative law method, the authors consider different types of tax rulings, conditions to be met for them to be issued, fee structures, the scope and effects of the rulings' application. While analysing the positions of administrative law scholars in Serbia on the warranty act, the authors strive to establish the legal nature of tax rulings. They point out the shortcomings of the existing system of binding tax opinions in Serbia with the aim of proposing the provisions that should be incorporated into the Tax Administration and Tax Procedure Act