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Plokhy Serhii: The Russo-Ukrainian War: The Return of History, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2023
Full text linkThe Influence of the ECTHR's Jurisprudence on Models of Evidence Admissibility in National Criminal Processdings - Remarks oh the Art. 3 of the ECHR
Full text linkThe considerations presented in this study dealt with selected
issues related to the interpretation of Article 3 ECHR. The center of
work is a critically oriented review of two cases of similar gravity in which
the Court referred Article 3 to evidentiary proceedings.
The study presents an analysis concerning ill treatments formulas.
It consists of three parts. The introduction comments on the perception of
the prohibition of torture and other ill-treatments formulas. The following
part contains statistics on Western and Central Europe countries in terms
of violations of Article 3 of the ECHR. Based on these, it is ascertained that
the Court, with regard to Central and Central-Eastern Europe, derives the
so-called deterrence principle by relying on empirical regularity of violations
of the ECHR. A certain proxy for this optics is made apparent by the
analysis of the Gäfgen and Ćwik cases, in which the court showed a great
deal of scepticism about the standards of fairness in the functioning of
Polish courts, tightening the paradigm for the elimination of evidence obtained
under ill-treatment conditions and its influence for the evaluation
of the whole procedure in question. The examination of these cases was
based on the concept of constitutive rules by J. Searl
The Strategic Compass for Security and Defense in Light of the Prospects for the EU Common Security and Defense Policy
Full text linkThe defence policy of the EU has from the very outset
remained in the shadow of NATO, as the primary and dominant defence
forum for EEC/EC/EU member states. The challenges of the multipolar
world, however, may make it in the interest of NATO itself that the military
capabilities of the EU be finally developed. The Strategic Compass for
Security and Defence is at the same time a common security assessment
and a plan of action for strengthening the EU’s security and defence capabilities
by 2030. It is not a strategy, since CSDP is still not able to generate
a proactive vision of, and a requisite will how to promote EU security interests.
The ongoing shift of US security focus to the Pacific makes the
development of such capacity on the part of the EU a bare necessity
Other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity
Full text linkУ раду се анализирају друга нехумана дела као
једина радња злочина против човечности која је прописана на
уопштен начин. Након историјског осврта, анализирају се елемен-
ти других нехуманих дела прописани у Статуту сталног Међуна-
родног кривичног суда и Елементима кривичних дела. Ауторка
објашњава значење два кључна обележја других нехуманих дела –
сличности по карактеру са другим радњама злочина против човеч-
ности и последице ових дела. Приказана је и пракса међународних
кривичних судова у погледу одређивања радњи које испуњавају кри-
теријуме да се сматрају другим нехуманим делима.The paper analyzes other inhuman acts as the only act of crime
against humanity that is prescribed in a general way. After a historical
review, the elements of other inhuman acts prescribed in the Statute of the
permanent International Criminal Court and the Elements of Crimes are
analyzed. The author explains the meaning of two key features of other
inhuman acts - similarities in character with other acts of crimes against
humanity and the consequences of these acts. The practice of international
criminal courts in determining acts that meet the criteria to be
considered other inhumane acts is also presented
The Possibility of Acquiring Ownership Rights Based on a Preliminary Real Estate Contract
Full text linkУ време потребе за повећаном правном сигурношћу у друштву, али не
и на штету брзине правног промета, предуговор је правни институт
који све више налази своје место примене у уговорном праву и постаје
готово неизбежан корак у закључењу главног уговора. Његова примена
је најуочљивија у уговору о промету непокретности. Сврха овог рада је
да се испитају оправданост закључења предуговора и његов циљ те да
се обради могућност стицања права својине на основу предуговора о
промету непокретности, а не на основу главног уговора. Осим утиска
да је правни институт предуговора готово идентично дефинисан Законом
о облигационим односима и Преднацртом грађанског законика,
важно је испитати постојећу сврху тог правног института и дати
потенцијални приказ његовог будућег развоја из угла уговора о промету
непокретности. У раду ће бити истакнуте одређене препоруке и правци
остваривања правне сигурности и транспарентности на тржишту
непокретности преиспитивањем могућности уписа предуговора у јавни
регистар права на непокретности.In a time of increased demand for legal certainty in society, without
compromising the speed of legal transactions, the preliminary contract
represents a legal institution that is increasingly finding its place in contract
law and is becoming almost an inevitable step in the conclusion of the
main contract. Its application is most noticeable in contracts involving the
transfer (disposal, alienation) of real estate under the positive law of the
Republic of Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the justification
for concluding a preliminary contract and its purpose, and to subsequently
explore the possibility of acquiring ownership rights based on a preliminary
real estate contract, rather than based on the main contract. Despite the
impression that the legal institution of the preliminary contract is almost
identically defined by the Law of Contract and Torts and the Draft Civil
Code of the Republic of Serbia, it is important to examine the existing (and
presumed) purpose of this legal institution and provide a potential overview
of its future development from the perspective of real estate transactions.
The paper will highlight certain recommendations and directions for
achieving legal certainty and transparency in the real estate market through
the possibility of registering the preliminary contract in the public registry
of real estate rights
The relationship between international criminal law and national criminal law in The Republic of Slovenia
Full text linkAutor razmatra odnos međunarodnog krivičnog i nacionalnog
krivičnog prava Republike Slovenije. Taj odnos je stalno prisutno
pitanje u teoriji i praksi međunarodnog i ustavnog prava. Slovenačko pravo
priznaje nadmoćnost međunarodnog prava nad nacionalnim zakonima
i podzakonskim aktima, ali štiti takođe i prednost Ustava pred međunarodnim
pravom.
Najveći problem u odnosima između međunarodnog prava i nacionalnog
krivičnog prava predstavlja običajno međunarodno pravo. Međunarodno
pravo smatra običajno pravo izuzetno važnim izvorom, dok
nacionalno krivično pravo izričito zabranjuje upotrebu običajnog prava
zbog načela zakonitosti. U Sloveniji je načelo zakonitosti u krivičnom postupku
izričito zapisano i u 28. članu Ustava.
Autor smatra, da je Slovenija usvajanjem Zakona o saradnji Republike
Slovenije sa Međunarodnim krivičnim sudom za bivšu Jugoslaviju i Međunarodnim
krivičnim sudom za Ruandu ratificirala dokumente međunarodnog
prava koji su u suprotnosti s 28.članom Ustava Republike Slovenije. Slična
konstatacija važi i za Rimski statut Međunarodnog krivičnog suda.
Takvu suprotnost moguće je prevazići samo na dva načina – raskidanjem
ugovora ili izmenom Ustava. Kako će zakonodavac odlučiti, autor
ne može predvideti.The author discusses the relationship between international criminal
law and national criminal law. The relationship between international
and domestic law is a perennial issue in the theory and practice of
international and constitutional law. Slovenian law recognises the supremacy
of international law over national laws and regulations but maintains
the supremacy of the Constitution over international law.
Customary international law poses the greatest problem in the relationship
between international and national criminal law. Unlike international
law, which considers customary law an extremely important source,
national criminal law expressly prohibits using customary law because of
the principle of legality. In Slovenia, the principle of legality in criminal
proceedings is also expressly enshrined in Article 28 of the Constitution.
The author considers that, by adopting the Act on Cooperation between
the Republic of Slovenia and the International Criminal Tribunal for
the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda,
Slovenia has ratified instruments of international law which are contrary
to Article 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. A similar
finding applies to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Such a conflict can only be resolved in two ways: either by denunciation
of the treaty or by amendment of the Constitution. The author
cannot predict how the legislator will decide
Contradictory application of the law of the Hague tribunal in relation to military action storm
Full text linkОснивање Хашког трибунала као ad hoc међуна-
родног кривичног трибунала за кривично гоњење лица одговорних
за ратне злочине произишле из грађанског рата на територији
некадашње Југославије оставило је трајне последице како на уну-
тра шњу организацију Републике Србије тако и на спољне одно се
са другим државама Европе, па и света, а нарочито на односе др-
жа ва које су некада биле у саставу некадашње Југославије. У овом
раду се ближе одређује Република Крајина и српски народ који је до
„Олује“ насељавао предео који је назван „Крајина“, те мотиви и
ставови тзв. „домобрана“. Узимајући у обзир тежину теме као и
опширност самих поступака пред надлежним међународним три-
буналом у Хагу, у овом раду ће се анализирати одлука Хашког три-
бунала у односу на Анте Готовину, Ивана Чермака и Младена
Маркача који су били вође операције „Олуја“, те какав је став за-
узео Трибунал, а потом променио кроз одлуку жалбеног већа. По-
себно се осврће на контрадикторност двеју одлука и који би мо-
тиви били истих, као и који су основи за доношење прво осуђујуће,
а затим ослобађајуће пресуде.The establishment of the Hague Tribunal as an ad hoc international
criminal court for the prosecution of persons responsible for war crimes
arising from the civil war on the territory of the former Yugoslavia left
lasting consequences both on the internal organization of the Republic of
Serbia and on external relations with other countries in Europe and the
world, especially on the relations between the countries that were once part
of the former Yugoslavia. In this paper, the Republic of Krajina and the
Serbian people who inhabited the area called Krajina until the “Oluja”, as
well as the motives of the Croatian people, the “domobrani”, are defined
in more detail. Taking into account the weight of the topic as well as the
extensiveness of the proceedings before the Hague Tribunal, this scientific
paper will analyze the decisions of the Tribunal in relation to Ante Gotovina,
Ivan Čermak and Mladen Markаč, who were the leaders of Operation
“Oluja”, and what position the court took, and then changed through the
appeals panel. In particular, it looks at the contradiction between the two
decisions and what motives would be the same, as well as what are the
grounds for the first conviction and then the acquittal
The Ne bis in idem in proceedings before the international criminal court
Full text linkНачело ne bis in idem представља једно од основ-
них начела кривичног поступка. Ово начело у Републици Србији
пред виђено је не само кривичним процесним законодавством, већ и
Уставом, а што говори о његовом значају. Такође, садржано је у
многим међународним документима. Упоређујући његово дефини-
сање у националним, али и међународним изворима, видимо да му
се даје различити обим и дејство. Дакле, не постоји сагласност у
погледу начина његовог одређења. Предмет овог рада односи се на
начело ne bis in idem које се примењује у поступку пред Међуна род-
ним кривичним судом, а пре свега на начин његовог регулисања у
Римском статуту. Такође, обрађен је и општи појам овог начела,
а како би се уочиле специфичности његовог дефинисања у поступку
пред Међународним кривичним судом. Предмет овог рада обрађен
је из три угла, и то узимиајући у обзир схватања кривично-про-
цесне теорије, начин регулисања у правним изворима, као и ставо-
ве судске праксе.This paper deals with the principle of ne bis in idem applied in
proceedings before the International Criminal Court, which is one of the
fundamental principles of criminal procedure. Additionally, the general
concept of this principle is discussed to understand the specifics of its application
in the Rome Statute. The Rome Statute provides for three modalities
of the ne bis in idem principle. The clearest situation arises when
determining its effect in proceedings regarding individuals who have already
been tried by the International Criminal Court for the same conduct
constituting the basis of the crime. However, the definition of this principle
concerning the impact of International Criminal Court judgments on proceedings
before other courts, as well as determining the impact of decisions
of other courts on proceedings before the International Criminal Court,
gives rise to different interpretations. The contentious issue is whether it
is possible to convict the same individual twice for the same conduct. Specifically,
can the International Criminal Court classify certain conduct as
a crime within its jurisdiction, while a national court classifies the same
conduct as a different crime? Furthermore, the question arises as to how
exceptions to the recognition of the effect of judgments of other courts by the
International Criminal Court should be interpreted. These questions are
addressed from the perspectives of legal theory, legal sources, and case law
Killing, abuse and abandonment of animals in Serbia : (non) application of legal provisions
Full text linkАнализа је посвећена проблематици заштите
добробити животиња у Републици Србији. Први део рада је по-
свећен законском опису и практичној примени кривичног дела
убијање и злостављање животиња из члана 269 КЗ РС. Како су
највећим делом „жртве’’ ове инкриминације напуштене животиње,
други део рада бави се питањем одговорности за вишегодишње не-
решавање проблема напуштених паса и мачака, дајући практичне
смернице и законске предлоге у циљу побољшања стања у овој обла-
сти. Полазне тезе су да је казнена политика у погледу кривичног
дела из члана 269 КЗ РС изузетно блага, а да у позадини толиког
броја напуштених паса и мачака леже лоша законска решења која
се не примењују као и коруптивне активности појединих актера.In Serbian Law, cruelty to animals is prohibited under article 269.
of the Criminal Code (2005) and under Animal Welfare Act (2009) that
contain a detailed and long list of misdemeanors in this area. However,
the small number of criminal and misdemeanor proceedings for these offences
does not indicate that animal cruelty is rare in Serbian practice, but
on the contrary, that these offences are rarely reported and prosecuted.
Unwillingness of the competent authorities to work on detection,
prosecution, and punishment of these crimes, confirms the thesis that issues
as ecology, environmental protection, animal protection, and similar
are priority issues for “richer and societies”, while in poorer countries preoccupied
with economic, social, national, and ethnical problems, these
topics are not on the priority list. However, the issue of animal welfare is
an issue of the degree of development of a particular society, its care for
the weaker and powerless, the development of empathy, the suppression of
violence and the development of awareness of others and different with
whom we share the planet.
In the paper are analyzed normative characteristics of the criminal
offence and misdemeanors related to cruelty against animals, their mutual
relations in the light of ne bis in idem principle, and practical application
of these provisions according to available judicial data. The first part of the
paper is dedicated to legal analyze and practical application of the criminal
offence killing and abuse of animals (art. 269 of Serbian CC). The second
part of the paper deals with abandoned animals, so called “street dogs and
cats”, who are the easiest victims of cruelty, giving practical guidelines and
legal proposals in order to improve the situation in this area
The criminal law regulation on the prohibition of denial of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Full text linkO zabrani negiranja zločina genocida u Bosni i Hercegovini
počelo se govorati kao o političkom i pravnom pitanju u vezi presuda
Međunarodnog krivičnog suda za bivšu Jugoslaviju, kasnije Međunarodnog
suda paravde i na kraju Suda Bosne i Hercegovine. S obzirom na dva
potpuno suprotstavljena nacionalna shvatanja koja u Bosni i Hercegovini
vladaju o legitimnosti samog Haškog tribunala, pa i suda Bosne i Hercegovine,
to su se nizom pravnih i vanparvnih argumenata opravdavale i
osporavale presude tih sudova o počinjenom genocidu, a dijelom i drugim
ratnim zločinima. U toj situaciji od strane koja je smatrala da je sudska
istina i istorijska istina, uz podršku dijela međunarodnih predstavnika,
nametnuta je i sprovedena ideja da se odredbom krivičnog zakonodavstva
zabrani svako negiranje zločina genocida. Zbog nemogućnosti postizanja
većine za takve izmjene zakona to nije moglo biti sprovedeno u redovnom
parlamentarnom postupku. Rješenje je nađeno u nametanju izmjena Krivičnog
zakona Bosne i Hercegovine od strane Visokog predstavnika za
Bosnu i Hercegovinu, ugrađivanjem krivičnog djela zabrana negiranja
zločina genocida, zločina protiv čovječnosti i ratnih zločina, kao poseb nog
oblika krivičnog djela “Izazivanje nacionalne, rasne i vjerske mržnje, razdora
i netrpeljivosti”. U ovom radu krivična djela negiranja ovih zločina
u krivičnom zakonodavstvu u Bosni i Hercegovini se posmatraju kroz
njihov nastanak, razvoj, uticaj međunarodnog i stranog prava i sadašnje
zakonsko uređenje.The prohibition of denying genocide, crimes against humanity and
war crimes is not regulated as a separate criminal offense in the criminal
legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is regulated in the Criminal Code
of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a special form of the criminal offense “Inciting
national, racial and religious hatred, discord and intolerance”. In
other laws in Bosnia and Herzegovina, only the Criminal Code of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes this as a special form of
the criminal offense “Inciting ethnic, racial and religious hatred, dissension
or intolerance”, while the criminal codes of the Republic of Srpska and
Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina do not prescribe it. It follows
that public denial or justification of crimes against humanity and war
crimes exists as a criminal offense and is punishable only on the condition
that it causes hatred, discord or intolerance. The legislator followed the
content set by the Decision of the European Union from 2008 and designated
as the object of protection the crime of genocide, crime against
humanity and war crimes that were determined by a final judgment in
accordance with the Charter of the International Military Tribunal attached
to the London Agreement of April 8, 1945. or the International
Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or the International Criminal
Court or the Court in Bosnia and Herzegovina