RALF
Not a member yet
2273 research outputs found
Sort by
Back to Hart
Get PDFThe essay addresses two different senses of important problems for contemporary legal philosophy. In the first case, the problem is having forgotten things we learned from H.L.A. Hart, and, partly as a result, encouraging pointless metaphysical inquiries in other directions that take us very far from questions about the nature of law and legal reasoning. In the second case, the problem is to attend more carefully to Harts views and his philosophical context to think about the problem of theoretical disagreement, and to understand the way in which later commentators have misunderstood his behaviorist (Rylean) analysis of accepting a rule from an internal point of view
Rule of law through the mirror glass: Is the new 2020 enlargement methodology a pre-accession TEU Article 7 mechanism?
Get PDFThe rule of law in the EU is a very complex concept due to its nature, different understanding and its diverse practical implementation, which has led to rule of law backsliding. In parallel, the rule of law represents a crucial pillar of the conditionality policy of new accession processes. The EUs recent enlargement methodology introduced more stringent and conditional criteria for progress. This resulted in similarities between TEU Article 7 sanctioning mechanism and the new enlargement methodology that implies elaborate sanctions approach for candidate countries in cases of values breaches, backsliding, stagnation and lagging behind. The EU polity has, therefore, taken advantage of the empiric knowledge about the rule of law within its own borders and in the enlargement countries, constantly moving between the thin and the thick concept of the rule of law. The two processes have been feeding into each other, therefore, resulting in a growing convergence
The legal insignificance of the financial coverage at the bill of exchange and the cheque
Get PDFS obzirom na to da imaju istovetnu personalnu strukturu, menica i ček, i pored razlika u pogledu svrhe (plaćanje, obezbeđenje, kreditiranje), imaju zajedničku osobinu u pogledu trasantovog pokrića kod trasata. Čini se da je postojanje pokrića pravno nevažno za položaj trasata i akceptanta. Za razliku od trasata koji nema obavezu isplate, akceptant je ima, ali se obojici pravni položaj određuje ne spram pokrića, nego spram sopstvenog pristanka na ustanovljavanje obaveze. Dok trasat (kako kod menice, tako i kod čeka) ne daje pristanak na trasantov nalog, dotle ga akceptant (kod menice) daje, stvarajući za sebe obavezu isplate koja je samostalna i nezavisna od pokrića. U prvom delu rada, menica i ček se funkcionalno određuju u vezi sa ugovorom o prodaji i asignacijom. Zatim se razmatra apstraktnost u građanskom pravu, a posebno povezanost ustanove stipulacije (iz starog rimskog prava) i menične radnje akceptiranja. Naposletku, prikazuje se odnos osnovnih meničnih lica prema pokriću.Due to the identical personal structure, the bill of exchange and the cheque have a common feature regarding the drawer's cover on a banking account which is administrated by the drawee. It seems that sufficiency of adequate funds, which should cover the drawer's order from these instruments, doesn't have any legal significance for the drawee and the acceptor. At first glance the position of drawee and acceptor is different because the drawee's obligation is also not derived from the bill of exchange; however, the acceptor has an obligation due to his acceptance of the drawer's order. However, at the stage of collection, drawee and acceptor have a similar position regarding financial cover by drawer's account. Regardless of whether there is financial coverage, the legal position of the drawee and acceptor remains unchanged, because their position could be changed only through their legally relevant will, manifested in the instrument as such
Vujadinović Dragica, Antonijević Zorana: Gender equality in higher education: Concepts, practices and challenges, Akademska knjiga, Novi Sad, 2019
Get PDFThe uncompleted privatization of functional land in Slovenia and attempts at its renationalization
Get PDFThe article discusses the unsettled ownership status of many tracts of urban land in Slovenian cities that persists as a consequence of the disorderly transition from the socialist into the market institutional environment. Problems arising from the privatization of real estate, which can be detected all over the former Yugoslavia, typically affect functional land, i.e. land directly intended for the regular use and functioning of a building. Frequently, the land register does not show the rightful ownership status of such plots, leading to disputes and lengthy court proceedings for the determination of ownership. This is particularly the case with shared outdoor parts of residential neighborhoods, which are often subject to unfounded ownership claims based on obsolete entries in the land register. Even some municipal authorities have attempted to bring such land into public domain under this pretense, which would, if successful, amount to a 21st century nationalization
Unwarranted hope: Trade between Yugoslavia and the expanded Third Reich 1938-1939
Get PDFOd sredine tridesetih godina XX veka Nemačka je postala najznačajniji spoljnotrgovinski partner Jugoslavije i drugih zemalja srednje i jugoistočne Evrope. Očekivanje daljeg rasta razmene sa Nemačkom, znatno uvećane nakon pripajanja Austrije, aneksije Sudeta i uspostavljanja Češko-moravskog protektorata, koje su 1938. i 1939. godine izražavali politički krugovi u Jugoslaviji, nije se ostvarilo. Zašto je ukupna razmena uvećane Nemačke sa Jugoslavijom počela da pokazuje tendenciju opadanja i kakav je bio spoljnotrgovinski trend Trećeg rajha sa ostalim zemljama Jugoistoka, tema je ovog rada.During the 1930s Germany became the most important economic partners of Yugoslavia and other countries of Central and Southeastern Europe. Economic domination led to the spread of political influences. Yugoslavia, as an exporter of food and raw materials and an importer of finished products, did not enter the German orbit unreservedly, but over time its capacity for independent action weakened. After Germanys announced territorial expansion, the pragmatic Yugoslav political leadership hoped that this would boost economic cooperation. However, the annexation of Austria, the Sudetenland and the Czech-Moravian Protectorate to Germany (1938-1939) did not lead to an increase in trade with Yugoslavia. Just the opposite, the trade declined due to German appropriation of the economic resources of the annexed countries, the general decline of German exports, the decline in Yugoslav exports (especially corn, whose surpluses were consumed), recession, and Yugoslavias latest attempt to increase trade with Western countries, especially Britain
Constructing a traitor: The case of Guichard of Troyes, the nominal bishop of Bosnia in the early fourteenth century
Get PDFIn 1314 Bishop Guichard of Troyes was transferred from the lucrative Episcopal See of Champagne to the Episcopal See of Bosnia, with the seat in Diakovar (nowadays Djakovo, Croatia). This was the consequence of a lengthy trial that baffled both contemporaries and historians alike, and which included a plethora of charges - most notably high treason, murder of the Queen and her mother through witchcraft, heresy, etc. To explain beyond factual reality, the paper regards the concept of treason for which Guichard was tried. To comprehend the methods of construction of treason in Guichards case, the paper examines features beyond the accusations and deposited witness testimonies: the social, religious and legal transformations; similarities with contemporary trials of the Templars and of the deceased Pope Boniface VIII. This will facilitate comprehension of the elements that construct or add to the concept of treason and the contemporary notions and institutions that permitted it
Taking analogy seriously: Statutory analogy in creation and interpretation of law
Get PDFU članku se analizira analogija, kao način rasuđivanja, a naročito u pravu. Analogija uopšte se određuje kroz svoju argumentativnu formu i kroz kognitivno-psihološku sadržinu. Kada je reč o analogiji u pravu, tradicionalna podela na analogia legis i analogia iuris se potiskuje kao nepotpuna i nedovoljno rasvetljujuća za ono što se zaista događa u pravnoj praksi. Umesto nje, u tekstu se, kao početna, postulira podela analogija u pravu na kazuističku i zakonsku. I dok se u common law sistemima više primenjuje i proučava ova prva, u kontinentalnim sistemima je, zbog primata pisanih izvora prava, interesantnije razmotriti drugu. Zakonska analogija se razmatra, takođe, s aspekta njene forme i sadržine, a zatim se izlažu njene osnovne vrste, da bi se na kraju, kroz nekoliko primera iz domaće sudske prakse, ilustrovalo kako se zakonska analogija u našoj praksi primenjuje samo intuitivno, shodno tome i nedovoljno obrazloženo a, na kraju krajeva, i neispravno.In the article, author analyzes analogy generally and analogy in law, as a way of reasoning. The traditional division of the application of analogy in law into analogia legis and analogia iuris is perceived as incomplete and insufficiently clarifying for what is really happening in the practice of law. Instead, as a starting point, it emphasizes the division of analogies in law into casuistic and statutory analogy. While in common law systems the former is more applied and studied, in continental legal systems, due to the primacy of written sources of law, it is more interesting to consider the latter. The statutory analogy is firstly analyzed from the aspect of its form and content (retrieval and mapping). After that, its basic types are described. The first is the analogy extra legem, which serves to fill legal gaps, or more precisely, which attributes legal consequences to facts that are not explicitly described in the applicable legal provision. The second type of statutory analogy is analogy intra legem, in which the argument of analogy is used to interpret legal norms. In the article are particularly depicted the two "incarnations" of analogy intra legem, extensive interpretation and systemic interpretative argument of analogy. Finally, through several cases from judicial practice of Serbian courts, it is illustrated how the statutory analogy is applied in this practice only intuitively, and therefore insufficiently explained, and, after all, incorrect
A decade of balancing with EU human rights protection: between national and international competences and sources of law, individual and systemic interests
No full textThe path towards establishing and advancing human rights' protection within the EU legal system seemed straightforward a decade ago. With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU became part of primary law, together with a commitment of accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. In 2010, Protocol 14 to the ECHR entered into force, allowing the EU to accede to the ECHR. A draft agreement on accession was finalized thereafter. In 2014, however, the Court of justice of the European Union issued a negative opinion on the draft accession treaty citing perceived threats to autonomy of EU law, competence of the EU and powers of the Court. A year earlier, in February 2013, the CJEU rendered judgments in cases Fransson and Melloni whereby it provided crucial rules for interpretation of clauses 51(1) and 53, respectively, of the Charter. The field of application of the Charter was equated with the scope of EU law. Primacy, effectiveness and unity of EU law, both primary and secondary, were prioritized over human rights and fundamental freedoms recognized by international agreements, including the ECHR, as well as by the Member States' constitutions. The realm of fundamental individual rights remains to this day the decisive grounds for asserting the core principle of EU constitutionality: the autonomy of EU law. Accession to the ECHR remains to this day a proclaimed goal of EU governing bodies, but little palpable progress is being made. Protection of fundamental rights at EU level has remained a point of contention among academics. Some question the very need for its existence, in view of constitutional guarantees by Member States and the ECHR. Others, however, claim that the CJEU sacrificed protection of individuals' rights for the interest of promoting constitutionality of the EU. These critiques seem unwarranted. Article 2 TEU necessitates existence of an efficient mechanism for protection of fundamental freedoms at EU level. Historical examples of political communities built on multi-ethnic, civic model all show necessity of integrating human rights protection at the constitutional level. Constitutionality of the EU has been developing for six decades, for the most part under the guise of autonomy of EU law It requires that primacy of fundamental rights, as guaranteed by EU law, be affirmed both vis-a-vis Member States and international treaties. However, one may not expect that fundamental rights and freedoms within the EU be protected in a uniform and efficient manner unless a system for enforcing such rights andfreedoms is not put in place first
About contract conversion in Serbian law with special reference to the court conversion
Get PDFInstitut konverzije u našem pravu, čini se, ostaje neopravdano zapo stavljen u teorijskim delima pravnika, a i zakonodavac mu posvećuje tek jedan član zakona. Uprkos tome, taj institut otvara brojna pitanja na koja naša teorija i praksa ne odgovaraju jedinstveno. U nedostatku potpunije zakonske regulative, teorija stvara i nove vidove konverzije, kao što je sudska konverzija, za koju ne možemo sa sigurnošću reći da ju je zakonodavac podrazumevao. Sudovi, naravno, prihvataju takvu teorijsku tvorevinu jer dobijaju jedan "elastičan" institut za rešavanje "nerešivih" sporova. Pitanje Institut konverzije u našem pravu, čini se, ostaje neopravdano zapo stavljen u teorijskim delima pravnika, a i zakonodavac mu posvećuje tek jedan član zakona. Uprkos tome, taj institut otvara brojna pitanja na koja naša teorija i praksa ne odgovaraju jedinstveno. U nedostatku potpunije zakonske regulative, teorija stvara i nove vidove konverzije, kao što je sudska konverzija, za koju ne možemo sa sigurnošću reći da ju je zakonodavac podrazumevao. Sudovi, naravno, prihvataju takvu teorijsku tvorevinu jer dobijaju jedan "elastičan" institut za rešavanje "nerešivih" sporova. Pitanje konverzije ugovora postalo je veoma aktuelno u našoj teoriji i sudskoj praksi nakon nedavno donetog Pravnog shvatanja Vrhovnog kasacionog suda o punovažnosti valutne klauzule kod ugovora o kreditu u švajcarskim francima i konverziji.ugovora postalo je veoma aktuelno u našoj teoriji i sudskoj praksi nakon nedavno donetog Pravnog shvatanja Vrhovnog kasacionog suda o punovažnosti valutne klauzule kod ugovora o kreditu u švajcarskim francima i konverziji.In theoretical works of domestic authors the institute of conversion seems to be unjustifiably neglected. Nevertheless, this institute raises a number of questions that our theory and practice do not answer uniquely. In the absence of more complete regulation, the theory created a new form of conversion (judicial conversion), for which we cannot be sure whether it could fall under the existing norms of our law. Courts, however, enthusiastically accept such theoretical creation and use it to resolve "unsolved" disputes. Recently, the issue of judicial conversion has become very topical in our theory and practice due to numerous disputes against banks for determination of the nullity of credit agreements indexed in CHF. The recently adopted Legal opinion of the Supreme Court of Cassation on Validity of the Foreign Currency Clause in Credit Agreements in Swiss Francs and Conversion, speaks in favor of the actuality of the topic