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Legal nature of auction
Get PDFAukcija se prema svojoj pravnoj prirodi može podeliti na dobrovoljnu i prinudnu aukciju. Osnovni cilj disertacije je da se razmotri dobrovoljna aukcija, jer ona u našem pravu gotovo da nije regulisana, imajući u vidu da postoji samo jedan član u novom Zakonu o trgovini iz 2019. godine (stari Zakon o trgovini iz 2010. godine sadržao je dva člana), koji reguliše aukcijske kuće. Međutim, radi poređenja sa dobrovoljnom aukcijom i izvođenja zaključka o pravnoj prirodi dobrovoljne aukcije, kao i aukcije uopšte, moraju se razmotriti i pravila pojedinih zakona, koji uređuju druge vrste aukcije, a po svojoj pravnoj prirodi su prinudne ili mešovite. To su naročito Zakon o izvršenju i obezbeđenju, Zakon o hipoteci, Zakon o založnom pravu na pokretnim stvarima i pravima upisanim u registar, Zakon o poreskom postupku i poreskoj administraciji, Carinski zakon, Zakon o javnoj svojini, Zakon o poštanskim uslugama i Zakon o obligacionim odnosima. Objašnjenje pravila navedenih zakona u funkciji je objašnjenja pravne prirode aukcije kao pravnog instituta. Dakle, disertacija ima za cilj određenje pravne prirode aukcije tako što se razjašnjavaju različite vrste aukcije, koje su regulisane u srpskom pravu, te se one porede sa dobrovoljnom aukcijom, koja u našem pravu nije detaljno regulisana. Najveće i danas najpoznatije aukcijske kuće nastale su u Velikoj Britaniji još u drugoj polovini 18. veka. Prodaja robe putem aukcije prešla je iz Evrope u Ameriku, a današnji statistički podaci govore da su tržišni lideri u aukcijskoj prodaji SAD, Velika Britanija i Kina. Zbog toga se u disertaciji razmatra pravno regulisanje aukcije, pre svega, u Velikoj Britaniji, jer ona predstavlja reprezentativni uzorak za posmatranje i analizu. Razmatraju se određena pitanja i u drugim pravnim sistemima korišćenjem uporednopravnog metoda istraživanja kako bi se predložio najbolji način na koji je potrebno regulisati aukcijsku prodaju u srpskom pravu. Regulisanje dobrovoljne aukcije u srpskom pravu je potrebno, imajući u vidu da su u svetu aukcije veoma razvijene, a poseban značaj i rasprostranjenost imaju elektronske (onlajn) aukcije. Veb-sajtovi za aukcijsku prodaju robe (na primer, eBay, Amazon i slično) u našoj zemlji nisu razvijeni, ali imajući u vidu digitalizaciju i sve veći i brži razvoj informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija, trebalo bi očekivati da će se u dogledno vreme odomaćiti i kod nas. Stoga se u disertaciji razmatraju i određena pitanja značajna za elektronske (onlajn) aukcije. Davanjem predloga o načinu regulisanja dobrovoljne aukcije u srpskom pravu na osnovu analize određenih spornih pitanja, disertacija bi mogla poslužiti i kao podsticaj za regulisanje dobrovoljne aukcije u našem pravu. Time bi uz pojedine vrste aukcije, koje su već pravno uređene u pojedinim posebnim zakonima, regulisanjem dobrovoljne aukcije bio primenjen sistematski pristup u pogledu aukcijske prodaje i stvorena njena celovita regulativa.According to its legal nature, an auction can be divided into a voluntary (private) auction and compulsory auction (auction by law). The main goal of the dissertation is to consider a voluntary auction, because it is almost not regulated in Serbian law, given the fact that there is only one article in the new Law on Trade 2019 (the old Law on Trade 2010 contained two articles), which regulates auction houses. However, in order to compare with the voluntary auction and draw the conclusion about the legal nature of the voluntary auction, as well as auctions in general, the provisions of certain laws must be considered, which regulate other types of auctions. Those other regulated types of auctions by their legal nature are compulsory or mixed (hybrid) auctions. They are regulated, in particular, by the Law on Enforcement and Security Interest, the Law on Mortgage, The Law on Pledge on Movable Assets in the pledge Registry, the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration, the Customs Law, the Law on Public Property, the Law on Postal Services and the Law on Obligations. The explanation of the provisions of the mentioned laws serves as a way of explaining the legal nature of the auction as a legal institute. Therefore, the dissertation aims to determine the legal nature of the auction by clarifying the different types of auctions, which are regulated in Serbian law, and by comparing them with a voluntary auction, which is not regulated in detail in our law. The largest and today the most famous auction houses were established in the United Kingdom in the second half of the 18th century. The auction sale of goods has spread from Europe to America, and today's statistics show that the market leaders in auction sales are the USA, Great Britain and China. Therefore, the dissertation considers the legal regulation of the auction primarily in the United Kingdom, because it represents a representative sample for observation and analysis. Certain issues are also considered in other legal systems using the comparative law research methodology, in order to propose the best way in which it is necessary to regulate auction sales in Serbian law. Regulation of voluntary auctions in Serbian law is necessary, bearing in mind that auctions are extremely developed in the world, including electronic (online) auctions, which are of special importance and prevalence. Web-sites for the auction sale of goods (for example, eBay, Amazon, etc.) have not been developed in our country, but given the digitalization and the growing and fast development of information and communications technologies, it could be expected that they will be developed in our country in the near future. Therefore, the dissertation also considers certain issues important for electronic (online) auctions. By giving a proposal on the way of regulating the voluntary auction in Serbian law, based on the analysis of certain controversial issues, the dissertation could also serve as a stimulus to regulate the voluntary auction in our law. Thus, in addition to certain types of auctions, which are already regulated in certain special laws, by the detailed regulation of voluntary auctions a systematic approach to auction sales would be applied and comprehensive regulation of auction would be created
Constitution making 100 years ago: Press according to the St. Vitus day constitution
Get PDFU članku koji se objavljuje povodom 100 godina od donošenja Vidovdanskog ustava, autor se bavi jednim od ključnih instituta ovog dokumenta - slobodom štampe. Na osnovu diskusija u Ustavnom odboru i plenumu Ustavotvorne skupštine, autor zaključuje da su odredbe Vidovdanskog ustava o štampi, nastale autokratizacijom određenih odredbi Ustava Srbije od 1903. U članku se naročito analiziraju ograničenja štampe uvedena prelaznim naređenjima Vidovdanskog ustava, putem zaobilazne cenzure i inkriminacije verskog ili plemenskog razdora ili mržnje protiv države.In the article, published on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the enactment of the St. Vitus Day Constitution, the author deals with one of the key institutes of this document - freedom of the press. Based on discussions in the Constitutional Committee and the plenum of the Constituent Assembly, he concludes that the provisions of the St. Vitus Day Constitution on the press were created by the autocratization of certain provisions of the Constitution of Serbia of 1903. The article especially analyzes the restrictions of the press introduced by the transitional orders of the St. Vitus Day Constitution, through circumventing censorship and incrimination of religious or tribal discord or hatred against the state
Legal presumption of fault in the Serbian Law of obligations
Get PDFSubje ktivna neugovorna (deliktna) odgovornost za štetu uslo vljena je štetom, uzročnnom vezom i krivicom. Sve te uslove dokazuje oštećeni (sistem dokazane krivice) jer se odgovornost za štetu ne pretpostavlja. Ali, postoji i oboriva pretpostavka krivice, kojom se dokaz nepostojanja krivice prevaljuje na štetnika (sistem pretpostavljene krivice). Sistem dokazane krivice preovlađuje, dok je sistem pretpostavljene krivice prihvaćen u manjem broju zakonodavstava (ranije sovjetsko i aktuelno rusko pravo, a zatim i nekadašnje jugoslovensko i aktuelno pravo bivših jugoslovenskih republika). Jedino su redaktori srpskog Prednacrta građanskog zakonika predložili vraćanje na sistem dokazane krivice. U radu su najpre izloženi istorijski osvrt na primenu sistema dokazane krivice i zakonska rešenja iz jugoslovenskog prava pre i posle donošenja Zakona o obligacionim odnosima, da bi se, potom, kritički analizirali sistem dokazane i sistem pretpostavljene krivice. Na kraju rada je zaključno razmatranje u kojem se, uz sumiranje njihovih osobenosti, potenciraju prednosti sistema pretpostavljene krivice.Subjective tort liability, or subjective non-contractual liability, presupposes damage, causation, and fault. All three conditions are to be proven by the injured party, because fault for damage is not presumed - the system of proven fault. Certain legal systems include a rebuttable presumption of fault, which transfers the burden of proof to the tortfeasor - the system of presumed fault. While the system of proven fault certainly prevails, the system of presumed fault is accepted in fewer legislations. The paper gives a historical overview of the application of the system of proven fault as well as an exposition of the solutions in Yugoslav law before and after the adoption of the 1978 Law on Contracts and Torts, followed by a critical analysis of the systems of proven and presumed fault. After summing up their distinct features, in the conclusion the author emphasizes the advantages of the system where fault is presumed
Does law matter?
Get PDFImplicit in almost all of legal philosophy is the belief that law matters. But is that belief sound, and, if it is, then why, when, where, and how does law matter? Thus, exploring the conceptual, normative, and empirical dimensions of the proposition that law matters represents a cluster of questions that, if not the most important questions in legal philosophy, are certainly among the most important
Promoting the rule of rationality over positive law and legal thinking
Get PDFThe paper makes the following claims. First, the most important problem for contemporary legal philosophy is contrasting the morally disgusting state of the world. Second, qua jurisprudents, the problem must be dealt with indirectly. Third, the indirect way of dealing with the problem requires pursuing the goal of promoting the rule of reason, the dominance of rationality, over law and legal thinking. Fourth, such an overall goal is to be pursued by breaking it down into five more specific goals: namely, promoting the epistemic, methodological, conceptual, instrumental, and substantive rationality of law and/or legal thinking. Fifth, pretentious and idle ways of doing jurisprudence must be put aside
The concordat with Serbia of 1914 as a Forebearer of modern concordats and the model of Church-state cooperation
Get PDFThe concordat of 1914 affirmed the Kingdom of Serbia, on the eve of the Great War, as the state with sufficient legal and political capacity to secure equal treatment for its newly acquired Catholic minority population in relation to the Orthodox majority, and consequently, to serve as the pivot of unification of South Slavs irrespective of their religious affiliation. The aim of the paper is to examine the claim that the subject concordat represented the model for the new generation of concordats which came into being after World War I. If that hypothesis proves true, the significance of the subject concordat should be assessed against the backdrop of two facts - the key features of the interwar concordats have continued to permeate the concordats that have been concluded since World War II until the present day, as well as that the subject conceptual approach to concordats, as agreements of two equal counterparties on issues of common interest, made way to the model of Church-state cooperation, which is pervasive in modern-day Europe. The conclusion may further magnify the seminal nature of the concordat concluded with the Kingdom of Serbia in 1914, and, consequently, of its own ancient and rudimentary predecessor, the concordat with the Principality of Montenegro of 1886
European values: Between a strong affirmation and a genuine ambiguity
Get PDFPojam "evropskih vrednosti" široko je rasprostranjen i prisutan u javnom diskursu, ali je istovremeno i paradoksalno suštinski neodređen. Njegovo normativno jačanje u evropskim ugovorima posledica je snažne potrebe da se Evropska unija vrednosno utemelji, da se izgradi evropski identitet i time legitimiše evropska izgradnja. Upitno je, međutim, da li vrednosti koje su definisane članom 2 Ugovora o Evropskoj uniji mogu poslužiti takvom cilju, s obzirom na njihov visok stepen opštosti i činjenicu da se navedene vrednosti - koje zapravo predstavljaju načela sa daljom pravnom razradom - mogu naći u različitim pravnim sistemima u državama širom sveta. Više od toga, postavlja se pitanje nisu li navedene vrednosti, i način na koji se one primenjuju unutar EU, zapravo odraz dominantne individualističke ideologije i kao takve pokazatelj određene vrste civilizacijske dekadencije (zapadne) Evrope. Problemi sa kojima se suočava EU i njene države članice u pogledu interne geopolitike odnosno imigracione politike nedvosmisleno ukazuju na takvu mogućnost.European values are as present in public discourse as they are fundamentally unspecified. The main reason for the normative rise of European values in European treaties lies in the necessity of founding the European Union on the solid axiological ground, forging a European identity, and, therefore, strengthening its legitimacy. Nevertheless, this goal could hardly be achieved with regard to the fact that European values, as they are defined in article 2 of the Treaty on the European Union, cannot be considered as constitutive elements of a collective identity in the same way they can be found in other political communities, such as nation-states. They are no more than mere principles with legal consequences that can be found in many legal systems of different countries in the world. Furthermore, the way they are put into practice within the EU, i.e., in accordance with the dominant individualistic ideology, could be a sign of the historical decline of Europe that could be fatal to it when we bear in mind the geopolitical and immigration issues that Europe is facing
