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Foreign direct investments screening in EU law at the time of the crisis caused by the pandemic
Get PDFPoslednjih godina primetan je trend u pravcu češće i šire kontrole stranih direktnih investicija (SDI) iz trećih zemalja u okviru nacionalnih prava država članica EU. Stoga je to pitanje uređeno na komunitarnom nivou Uredbom (EU) 2019/452 o proveri SDI. U radu su objašnjeni razlozi promene odnosa prema unutrašnjim SDI iz trećih zemalja u državama članicama, a onda i na nivou EU. Potom je analiziran pravni okvir za SDI u EU, kako bi se utvrdile mogućnosti njihovog ograničavanja nacionalnim pravima. Posebna pažnja je posvećena Uredbi (EU) 2019/452, koja postavlja minimalne standarde za nacionalne mehanizme provere SDI. Konačno, autorka ispituje uticaj pandemije na odnos prema SDI u EU i zaključuje da je aktuelna kriza doprinela učvršćenju i daljem razvoju njihove kontrole.The European Union is generally open to inward foreign direct investments (FDI). However, over recent years there is a rising trend in screening of inward FDI from third countries in the Member States. As a result, the Regulation (EU) 2019/452 on screening of foreign direct investments was enacted. In this paper the author, firstly, explains the reasons for a change in treatment of inward FDI from third countries within the Member States and the EU itself. The second part of the paper contains an analysis of the legal framework for FDI in the EU, in order to determine the possibility of their restrictions through national legislations. Special attention is given to the FDI-Screening Regulation and its minimum standards for national screening mechanisms. Finally, the author examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the treatment of FDI in the EU and concludes that the current crisis has contributed to further expanding the scope and importance of their screening and control
Administrative law challenges of post-clearance audit in Serbia
Get PDFMost imported/exported goods are not controlled by customs authorities at the border. This allows for the fast release of goods and the better functioning of international trade. The backbone of this system consists of customs declarations filed by the importers/exporters, selective control at the border, based on risk assessment, and the post-clearance audit (PCA) of the accepted customs declarations. This paper deals with the questionable practice of the Serbian Customs Administration with regard to the conducting of the PCA, particularly its relation with the Law on General Administrative Procedure and the issues related to the classification of goods according to customs tariff. The author identifies issues regarding the transparency, interpretation and implementation of the PCA in Serbia and contests the (internationally recognized) practice of changing the classification of goods in accepted customs declarations. The author proposes possible solutions for identified challenges
Trade in counterfeit goods in Serbia: Methodological approach and quantification
Get PDFRad predstavlja prvi korak u kvantifikaciji kategorija robe kod kojih postoji najveći rizik od krivotvorenja prilikom uvoza u Srbiju. U prvom delu prikazujemo metodologiju kvantifikovanja nivoa krivotvorenja, njene prednosti i ograničenja. U drugom delu, utvrđujemo kategorije proizvoda sa najvećom verovatnoćom da će sadržati krivotvorene proizvode prilikom uvoza. Korišćenjem OECD metodologije formiran je GTRIC-p indeks za Srbiju i omogućeno poređenje sa zemljama članicama OECD. Utvrđeno je da se Srbija po strukturi rizičnih kategorija proizvoda ne razlikuje značajno u odnosu na zemlje EU. Negativni efekti prouzrokovani su pre svega stranim titularima prava intelektualne svojine, čiji se krivotvoreni proizvodi uvoze u Srbiju. U tom kontekstu i pored uređenog pravnog okvira postavlja se pitanje podsticaja za njegovu primenu.The paper represents the first step in quantifying the categories of goods with the highest risk of being counterfeit during import into Serbia. Firstly, we present a methodology for quantifying the level of counterfeiting, its advantages, and its limitations. Secondly, we determine the product categories most likely to contain counterfeit products. Likewise, by using the OECD methodology, the GTRIC-p indicator for Serbia was formed, enabling comparison with OECD member countries. Based on the results, Serbia does not significantly differ from EU countries in terms of structure and product categories most at risk. The negative effects of imports of counterfeit products are borne mainly by the foreign intellectual property rights holders whose counterfeit products are imported into Serbia. In this context, despite the legal framework in place, incentives for its proper implementation are questionable
Interpretation and construction: An addendum to the discussion about creation and application of law
Get PDFU okviru svojih redovnih aktivnosti sudovi pripisuju značenja pravnim tekstovima da bi utvrdili normativnu situaciju stranaka u sporu. Aktivnost pripisivanja značenja pravnim tekstovima od strane sudova uobičajeno nazivamo autoritativnim tumačenjem prava. U velikom broju slučajeva, značenje koje tekstu pripisuje sud na različite načine odstupa od onoga što bi laici, pa čak i pravnici očekivali, a sama odstupanja se u pravnoj teoriji objašnjavaju na različite načine. U svrhu objašnjenja koriste se pojmovi stvaranja i primjene prava, ekstenzivnog i restriktivnog tumačenja, secundum, praeter i contra legem presuđivanja. U ovom radu se pak razmatraju shvatanja interpretacije, konstrukcije i njihovog odnosa, kao moguća objašnjenja situacija u kojima autoritativno tumačenje odstupa od očekivanja stručne i laičke javnosti. U tu svrhu, izlažu se savremena tekstualistička i intencionalistička (kognitivistička) shvatanja interpretacije i konstrukcije i upoređuju se sa savremenim skeptičkim shvatanjima. Uprkos jednostavnosti i intuitivnoj prihvatljivosti nekih kognitivističkih stanovišta, pokazuje se da skeptička shvatanja daju bolju teorijsku osnovu za razmatranje primjene i stvaranja prava od strane sudova. Samo razlikovanje između interpretacije i konstrukcije pokazuje se kao korisno teorijsko oruđe za objašnjenje postupanja sudova, kao i za preciziranje postojećih teorijskih razlikovanja.As part of their regular activities, courts attach meaning to legal texts to determine the normative situation of the parties to the dispute. The activity of attributing meaning to legal texts by the courts is commonly called authoritative interpretation of law. In many cases, the meaning attributed to the text by the court deviates significantly from what laymen and even lawyers would expect, and the deviations themselves are explained in different ways in legal theory. In the purpose of explanation, the terms creation and application of law, extensive and restrictive interpretation, secundum, praeter and contra legem adjudication are used. This paper introduces and explains the concepts of interpretation, construction and their relationship, as possible explanations of situations in which authoritative judicial interpretations deviate from the expectations of the professional and lay public. For this purpose, contemporary textualist and intentionalist (cognitivist) conceptions of interpretation and construction are presented and compared with contemporary skeptical (realist, antiformalist) conceptions. Despite the simplicity and intuitive acceptability of some cognitivist views, skepticism is shown to provide a better theoretical basis for considering the application and creation of rights by courts. The very distinction between interpretation and construction proves to be a useful theoretical tool for explaining the actions of courts, as well as for specifying existing theoretical distinctions
Prvi posleratni upravnik Gradske biblioteke u Pančevu - Mihovil Tomandl: Autobiografija, Matica srpska, Novi Sad, 2021
Get PDFAn overview of regulatory strategies on crypto-asset regulation - challenges for financial regulators in the western Balkans
No full textThe rise of the crypto-asset market has opened up a number of questions on their benefits and risks. As a new form of virtual property, cryptocurrencies and tokens of investment nature are characterized by specific technological infrastructure. In order to understand the regulatory perspective of the crypto-asset market, it is necessary to briefly present the issues related to digital assets infrastructure and the forms of crypto-assets, which blur the line between financial products and virtual property. Cryptoassets represent a form of fintech innovation that could materially affect the financial landscape (notably payments, investments and capital raising), may have impact on the financial sector and therefore may create conditions for regulatory arbitrage where regulated participants operate in a highly regulated environment. The Paper aims to identify the basic issues of the crypto-assets regulatory framework and the extent of applicable regulatory approaches. Comparative regulatory practices of selected countries, as well as the global regulatory perspective of this market, serve as a guide to assess the existing regulatory framework and regulatory challenges, in order to assess urging issues which the regulators in Western Balkan countries are facing. Regulators are confronted with a dilemma: how to promote financial innovation while preserving financial stability and protecting investors. That is why many regulators have adopted a regulatory stance in regulating distributed ledger (blockchain) technologies and tend to formulate regulatory strategies which are risk based, phased and adaptive. Regulatory responses vary from a complete ban on issuing or trading crypto-assets, warnings and principles-based regulation, to extending existing rules on the capital markets and payment systems to specific intermediaries which are licensed almost as financial institutions per se. A tendency towards developing a new set of legislation specifically aiming to register and/or license providers of services connected to virtual property based on cryptography may be observed, and a proposal for an EU regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets is a clear example
Europeanization of General Administrative Procedure in Serbia
No full textSerbia (as well as other countries of the Western Balkan region) recently adopted the new General Administrative Procedure Act (gapa). The drafting and adoption process was strongly influenced by the European Union and its experts from the sigma organization. The paper first analyzes the novelties introduced and improvements made under European influence. The authors then go on to analyze deficiencies of European influence in the drafting process. Two main shortcomings thereof were the false deregulation and debureaucratization of gapa and the 'one- size-fits-all' approach applied in all the countries of the Western Balkan region, in spite of inherent differences in their legal systems. The purpose of the criticism given in the paper is to avoid the same issues in the future, during the process of harmonization of Serbian law with the acquis communautaire
Kahneman Daniel, Olivier Sibony, Cass R. Sunstein: Noise: A flaw in human judgement, The little, brown spark, New York-Boston-London, 2021
Get PDFThe impenetrable wall of administrative silence in Serbia
Get PDFĆutanje uprave postaje sve veći problem u Srbiji. Podaci pokazuju da se broj tužbi protiv ćutanja uprave uvećao 26 puta u poslednjih 10 godina. Uprkos pomenutom povećanju, postoje indicije da se pravna sredstva protiv ćutanja uprave izjavljuju u zanemarljivo malom broju slučajeva u kojima nadležni organi nisu odlučili u zakonom predviđenom roku. Dva moguća razloga za to su neznanje stranaka (većina njih su laici) ili nepoverenje u raspoloživi sistem pravnih sredstava protiv ćutanja uprave. Nažalost, zakonodavac i sudstvo su dodatno pogoršali situaciju. Rad se upravo bavi zakonodavnom i sudskom podrškom ćutanju uprave, koja odvraća stranke od izjavljivanja raspoloživih pravnih sredstava i podstiče ih da se uzdrže od angažovanja advokata. Zakonodavac podržava ćutanje uprave tako što, s jednim izuzetkom, ne dozvoljava strankama da traže naknadu štete pretrpljene usled ćutanja uprave. Upravni sud je podržao ćutanje uprave zauzimanjem pravnog stave prema kojem tužilac nema pravo na naknadu troškova postupka u slučaju kad je podneta tužba protiv ćutanja drugostepenog organa, a prvostepeni organ je zamenio sopstveni ožalbeni akt pre nego što je Upravni sud odlučio o tužbi.The administrative silence, as an apparent manifestation of maladministration, has become an ever-increasing problem in Serbia. The number of administrative silence lawsuits submitted to the Administrative Court has increased more than 26 times in the last 10 years. Two potential reasons why the parties do not submit administrative appeals and administrative silence lawsuits to the Administrative Court even more often could be the lack of necessary legal knowledge (most of the parties are lay persons) or their distrust in the available legal protection mechanisms. Unfortunately, the legislator and the judiciary have undertaken measures that further aggravate the situation. This paper discusses two forms of legislative and judicial support to administrative silence, which discourage parties from using legal remedies against administrative silence and engaging lawyers. The legislator effectively supports administrative silence by, save for one exception, preventing parties from claiming damages for the damage they sustained due to the failure of competent administrative authorities to decide in their cases in a timely manner. The Administrative Court supports the administrative silence by a legal stand prescribing that a party is not entitled to reimbursement of the costs of the proceedings, including the costs of lawyer's services, provided that the first-instance administrative authority replaced its act challenged by an administrative appeal before the Administrative Court decided on the administrative silence lawsuit