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The Serbian legislative assembly of 1870: a step towards parliamentarism
No full textThe National Assembly (Narodna skupština) of the Principality of Serbia was for the most part an advisory body until the ‘Regency’ Constitution of 1869 gave it legislative powers (although inferior to the prince's, as it had no legislative initiative) and a more (though not completely) democratic composition. On the one hand, the subsequent National Assembly that convened in 1870 was held according to the provisions of the new constitution of 1869 and was tasked, among other things, to pass a number of organic laws that would regulate the constitutional framework in more detail. On the other hand, the members of the National Assembly had no experience in legislation or other new powers that the National Assembly gained in 1869, and their overall level of education was fairly low. Just as the Regency Constitution of 1869 was a compromise and a middle phase that led to, but did not yet introduce, parliamentarism in Serbia, this first session of the reformed National Assembly was a middle phase in its conquest of legislative power. This article analyses the work of the 1870 National Assembly and shows to what extent the democratic elements newly prescribed by the constitution were actually present in its proceedings
Normativity of international law
Get PDFU knjizi "The Nature of International Law", Miodrag Jovanović nastoji da objasni prirodu međunarodnog prava tako što analizira tipične karakteristike prototipskog pojma prava (institucionalnost, normativnost, prinudnost i podobnost za pravednost), a zatim sagledava savremeno međunarodno pravo kroz prizmu tih karakteristika. U članku se posebna pažnja posvećuje njegovoj analizi normativnosti (međunarodnog) prava. Osnovna intencija ovog članka nije da kritikuje Jovanovićeve teze o normativnosti prava kao takvog, već da ukaže da one nisu najbolji mogući okvir za objašnjenje normativnosti međunarodnog prava. Stoga se izlaže drugačiji konceptualni okvir od onog koji je on ponudio u ključu Razove ideje pravnih normi kao isključujućih razloga za delanje i praktičke racionalnosti. Taj okvir čini dobro poznata Hartova ideja internog stajališta ili interne tačke gledišta. Izložena argumentacija pokazuje da bi, unutar takvog okvira, normativnost međunarodnog prava mogla bolje da se objasni i razume, a u njega se, čini se, dobro uklapaju i pojedine uvrežene intuicije o međunarodnom pravu.In The Nature of International Law, Miodrag Jovanović, generally speaking, tries to explain the concept of international law. He analyzes few typical characteristics of the prototype concept of law (institutionality, normativity, coercion and justice-aptness), and then he looks at contemporary international law through "the lenses" of these characteristics. The article pays special attention to his analysis of the normativity of (international) law. The main intention is not to criticize Jovanović's theses about the normativity of law, as such, but to point out that they are not the best possible framework for explaining the normativity of international law. Therefore, a different and more appropriate conceptual framework is presented than the one he offered in the key of Raz's idea of legal norms as exclusionary reasons for action and practical rationality. This framework is grounded on Hart's well-known idea of an internal point of view. The presented argumentation shows that within such a framework, the normativity of international law could be better explained and understood, and also it seems that certain ingrained intuitions about international law fit well into it
Lattmann Christopher: Der Teufel, die Hexe und der Rechtsgelehrte. Crimen magiae und Hexenprozess in Jean Bodins "De la Démonomanie des Sorciers", Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M., 2019
Get PDFDelić Nataša: Krivično pravo - posebni deo, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 2021
Get PDFOvertime work as a form of work exploitation
Get PDFAutorka u radu analizira normativni okvir koji reguliše prekovremeni rad na međunarodnom i nacionalnom nivou, ali i pitanje prekovremenog rada u praksi. U radu je postavljena teza da poslodavci pribegavaju prekovremenom radu kako bi smanjili troškove rada, a zaposleni pristaju na prekovremeni rad, čak i kad je nezakonit, u strahu od otkaza, te ovakvom zloupotrebom od strane poslodavaca prekovremeni rad postaje vid radne eksploatacije. Autorka je sprovela istraživanje putem ankete i putem intervjua, kako bi utvrdila u kojoj meri je (ne)zakonit prekovremeni rad prisutan u praksi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je neplaćeni prekovremeni rad izuzetno zastupljen, a da zaposleni imaju strah da se suprotstave ovakvoj praksi. Zaključak je da postoji raskorak između normativnog i stvarnog kada je reč o prekovremenom radu.In the paper, the author analyzes the normative framework that regulates overtime work at the international and national level, but also the issue of overtime work in practice. The author puts forward the thesis that employers resort to overtime work in order to reduce labour costs, and employees agree to work overtime, even when it is illegal, due to the fear of dismissal, so by such abuse by employers, overtime work becomes a form of work exploitation. The author has conducted the research through a survey and an interview in order to determine the extent to which (illegal) overtime work is present in practice. The results of the research show that unpaid overtime work is widely present and that employees are afraid to stand up against this practice. In conclusion, there is a discrepancy between the normative and the real when it comes to overtime work
The principle of equality of ''arms'' in criminal procedure
Get PDFPredmetdoktorske disertacijeje načelo jednakosti „oružja“ i njegova primena u krivičnom postupku. Istraživanje obuhvata izvore iosnove načela,pojam i njegoveodlike u pravnoj teoriji, sudskoj praksi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava i uporednom pravu. Razmatra senačin ostvarivanja zahteva načela u krivično procesnom zakonodavstvu i u postupku primene zakona. Autor analizira osnovne odredbe Zakonika o krivičnom postupku,načela, institute i osnovna pravila koji su pretpostavke i sredstva za jednakost „oružja“ u krivičnom postupku i odražavaju sadržinu načela.Centralni delovi istražuju primenu načela u fazama istrage, optuženja, na glavnom pretresu i u postupku po pravnim lekovima. Razlog opredeljenja za temu je tumačenje da jeratio legis novina u krivičnom postupku da se obezbedi jednakost „oružja“ javnog tužioca i okrivljenog. Ustanovljenje javno–tužilačke istrage,elemenata stranačkog postupka i sužavanje dokaznihovlašćenja suda,naglasilisupotrebu da se u krivičnom postupku obezbedi zaštita načela. Cilj rada je da se načelo sveobuhvatnije razmotri istraživanjem pravne teorije, sudske prakse i normativnom analizomi time pružidoprinos nauci krivičnog procesnog prava. Radi otkrivanja prepreka za ostvarivanje načela u praksi i razmatranja potencijalnog razvojazakonodavstva, daje se pregled i sistematizuju pozitivnopravna rešenja. Uporedo, cilj su smernice javno –tužilačkoj i sudskoj praksi za vođenje krivičnog postupka uznastojanje da se zaštiti načelo jednakosti„oružja“. Osnovni rezultati istraživanja su definisanje pojma jednakosti „oružja“ radijačanja zaštitnih garancija načela, smernicemarljive i brižljive primene načela u praksi, potreba uspostavljanja ravnoteže traganja za istinom i zahteva prava na pravično suđenje, analiza dopuštenih ograničenja prava na odbranu koja ne rezultuju povredom načela, te dopuštenih postupanja suda po službenoj dužnosti iz perspektive primene načela. Temeljni zaključci su potvrde postavljenih hipoteza, potrebaparalelnog ustanovljenja načela istine i jednakosti „oružja“, jačanja kontrolne uloge suda u fazi istrage i optuženja radi zaštite načela, granice postupanja suda po službenoj dužnosti postavljene zahtevima načela, eliminisanje zakonske nejednakosti stranaka u postupku po žalbi i specifična primena načela u postupku po vanrednim pravnim lekovima. Raznolike metode istraživanja, istraživačke strategije i tehnike prikupljanja podataka primenjuju se u cilju povezivanja naučnih, praktičnih znanja i veština. Uporedo se ističu naučna, stručna mišljenja i stavovi sudske prakse. Načelo jednakost „oružja“ obrađuje se iz novog ugla u cilju da se pruži doprinos razvoju pravne nauke, zakonodavstva i sudske prakse. Metodi istraživanja koriste se ravnomerno u analizi opštih instituta i faza krivičnog postupka radi celokupnog uvida u ostvarivanje načela.The subject of the Doctoral Dissertation is the principle of equality of “arms” and its application in criminal proceedings. Research included sources and basics of the principle, concept and its features in legal theory, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and comparative law, the requirements of the principle in criminal procedure legislation and in the law enforcement process. Тhe author analyzes the basic provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, principles, institutes and basic rules that are the assumptions and instruments for equality of “arms” in criminal proceedings and reflect оn the substance of the principle. The central focus is the application of the principle in the stages of investigation, indicting, trial and in legal remedies proceedings. The reasonfor choosing the topic is due to the observation that the ratio legis of a new element in criminal proceedings is to ensure the equality of “arms” of the public prosecutor and the defendant.The establishment of the public prosecutor's investigation,the elements of the adverse procedure andreducing the evidentiary powers of the court emphasized the need to ensure the protection of the principle in criminal proceedings. The aim of this paper is to consider the principle more comprehensively by researching legal theory, case law and normative analysis and thereby contribute to the science of criminal procedural law. In order to identify obstacles to the implementation of the principle in practice and to consider the potential development of legislation, a review and systematization of positive legal solutions is given. At the same time, the aim is to provide guidance to public prosecutors and court practice in conducting criminal proceedings in an effort to protect the principle of equality of “arms”. The basic results of the research include adefinition of the concept of equality of “arms”, for strengthening the safeguards of the principle, guidelines for the diligent and careful application of the principle in practice, the need to establishing balance between the search for truth and the right to fair trial, an analysis of the permissible limitations on the rights of the defense which do not result in a breach of the principle, аnd of the court's ex officio powers from the perspective of applying the principle. The basic conclusions are the confirmation of the set hypotheses, the need for parallel establishment of the principles of truth and equality of “arms”, strengthening the control role of the court in the investigation and indicting phase to protect the principle, the limits of the ex officio powers of the court set by the requirements of the principle, elimination of legal inequality of the parties in the appeal procedure and specific application of the principle in the procedure of extraordinary legal remedies. Various research methods, strategies and data collection techniques are applied to link scientific, practical knowledge and skills. Scientific, professional opinions and jurisprudence are equally emphasized. The principle of equality of “arms” is being analyzed from a new angle in order to contribute to the development of legal science, legislation and case law.Research methods are used evenly in the analysis of general institutes and phases of criminal proceedings for the purpose of overall insight into the realization of the principle
Insurance in the time of corona virus: Catastrophic risks in the light of pandemic
Get PDFU radu se analizira pandemija COVID-19 virusa iz ugla tržišta osiguranja. Autorka polazi od pretpostavke da su osiguravači jedini privredni subjekti koji mogu biti partneri države u postupku upravljanja rizikom pandemije. Naime, pandemija je katastrofalni i globalni rizik, i kao takva testira kapacitete ne samo tržišta (re)osiguranja, već i spremnost države da sinhronizovanom akcijom sa privatnim sektorom spremno odgovori novim izazovima. Pod tim primarno mislimo na saniranje ekonomskih posledica izazvanih korona virusom. Da bi mogli da ponude cenovno pristupačno osiguranje rizika korone, osiguravači treba da dobiju subvencije dela premija od države, kao i subvencije dela pokrivenih šteta. Partnerstvo države i sektora osiguranja ne završava se time. Država treba da preuzme proaktivnu ulogu u administriranju rizika pandemije i u edukaciji svih potencijalno oštećenih lica.In the paper is analysed pandemic of COVID-19 from the point of view of insurance market. Author starts from the assumption that insurers are the only companies that could be partners of the state in the process of administration of pandemic risk. Namely, pandemic is a kind of catastrophic and global risk that put on test not only capacities of (re)insurance market but also the readiness of the state to respond to new challenges with synchronized action with the private sector. This primarily refers to the remediation of eco-bomb consequences caused by corona virus. In order to be able to offer affordable insurance of corona risk insurers should receive a subsidy of part of the premiums from the state as well as the subsidy of the part of covered damages. The state should assume proactive role in the process of administrating risk of pandemic and educating all potentially injured persons
The Byzantine emperor as the protector of the conciliarity
No full textSabornost predstavlja jedno od važnijih svojstava Crkve. Saborni način rešavanja bitnih crkvenih pitanja vremenom je doveo do formiranja više vrsta crkvenih sabora. Nesumnjivo najznačajnija forma crkvene sabornosti u istočnoj Crkvi su tzv. domaći ili endimusa sabori, čiji članovi su bili arhijereji koji su se zatekli u Konstantinopolju u trenutku kada se pojavila potreba za njegovim održavanjem. U radu je analiziran položaj koji je na ovim saborima imao vizantijski car, koja su bila njegova prava i u kojoj meri je imao uticaj na donošenje odluka. Autor zastupa stav da vladar nije imao supremaciju nad ovom vrstom sabora, već da su sva njegova prava delegirana od strane Crkve, koja je propisivala granice njegove jurisdikcije.Conciliarity or synodality is one of the most important characteristics of the Orthodox Church. The conciliar way of resolving important church issues over the time led to the formation of several types of church councils. Undoubtedly, the most important form of ecclesiastical conciliarity in the Eastern Church were the so-called Endemousa synods, whose members were the bishops who found themselves in Constantinople at the time when the need arose for its maintenance. The paper analyzes the position that the Byzantine emperor had at these assemblies, what were his rights and to what extent he had an influence on decision-making. The author argues that the emperor did not have supremacy over this type of council, but that all his rights were delegated by the Church, which prescribed the limits of his jurisdiction
Legal measures on vaccination against smallpox in the Principality of Serbia in the 1830s-1840s
Get PDFThe paper addresses the legal measures regarding vaccination against smallpox in the Principality of Serbia in the 1830s-1840s. The main focus is on two normative acts-Rules for the inoculation of pox of 1839 and a Supplement to these Rules of 1842. Relying on archive material, the paper strives to show both the normative content of these acts (including a comparison with the Austrian regulations of 1836), as well as the circumstances in which they were passed and their application in practice. Particular attention is paid to the main obstacles to effective vaccination-distrust and fear of the procedure among the general population and insufficient available medical staff-and steps that were taken to overcome these difficulties