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On the path of normalization: Yugoslav-Soviet trade negotiations in 1940
Get PDFU radu se na osnovu dostupnih objavljenih i neobjavljenih arhivskih izvora jugoslovenskog i sovjetskog porekla, kao i relevantne istoriografske i memoarske literature analiziraju istorijske okolnosti i motivi koji su doveli do otpočinjanja jugoslovensko-sovjetskih trgovinskih pregovora početkom maja 1940. godine. Osvetljeni su tok razgovora u Moskvi, karakter zaključenog sporazuma i dometi međusobnih trgovinskih odnosa do izbijanja Drugog svetskog rata u Jugoslaviji u aprilu 1941. godine. Predstavljene su i reakcije zainteresovanih velikih sila, posebno Nemačke, Italije i Velike Britanije na jugoslovensko-sovjetsko ekonomsko i političko zbližavanje. Rad sadrži autorovu ocenu značaja ekonomskih pregovora kao uvoda u potpunu normalizaciju jugoslovensko-sovjetskih odnosa.Based on available published and unpublished archival sources of Yugoslav and Soviet origin, as well as relevant historiographical and memoir literature, the paper analyzes the historical circumstances and motives that led to the opening of Yugoslav-Soviet trade negotiations in early May 1940. The course of the talks in Moscow, the character of the concluded agreement, and the scope of mutual trade relations until the outbreak of the Second World War in Yugoslavia, in April 1941, are highlighted. The reactions of the interested great powers-particularly Germany, Italy and Great Britainto the Yugoslav-Soviet economic and political rapprochement are also presented. The paper contains the authors assessment of the importance of economic negotiations as an introduction to the complete normalization of Yugoslav-Soviet relations
The legal balance between liberty and equality
Get PDFThe paper explores the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, distinguishing it from political theories and constitutional settings, where they are often considered in opposition. In order to find the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, and after identifying some of their relevant meanings for the purpose, it becomes necessary to focus on the rule of law, and to examine the relationship between liberty and equality in its different versions. Once the core meaning of the rule of law in terms of liberty and equality is enucleated, it is possible to consider extending it to the international field
Cryptocurrencies in the Islamic financial system viewed through the prism of Shariah law
Get PDFKreiranjem kriptovaluta otpočela je nova era u evoluciji novca. U kriptovalutnom sistemu države nemaju primat nad monetarnim tokovima već se on nalazi u rukama učesnika u kriptovalutnom sistemu. Time je omogućena demokratizacija novca, ali su otvorena i brojna pitanja koja je neophodno razrešiti kako bi se potpuno iskoristio potencijal kriptovaluta. Meću njima se posebno ističu pitanja uključivanja kriptovaluta u monetarnu politiku, računovodstvenog i poreskog tretmana kriptovaluta i sprečavanja potencijalnih zloupotreba. Šerijatski stručnjaci se, pak, bave kriptovalutama sa aspekta njihove šerijatske valjanosti, u vezi sa čime postoje sledbe nici doktrine o šerijatskoj neispravnosti kriptovaluta, s jedne strane, i sledbenici doktrine o šerijatskoj valjanosti kriptovaluta, s druge strane. U ovom radu ćemo analizirati tretman novca u islamskom učenju i praksi, koncepciju kriptovaluta, izazove njihove praktične primene i argumente koje u prilog svom stavu o šerijatskoj (ne)ispravnosti kriptovaluta iznose šerijatski stručnjaci.The creation of cryptocurrencies marked the beginning of a new era in money evolution. In the cryptocurrency system, governments do not have primacy over monetary flows, but it is in the hands of participants in the cryptocurrency system, which enables the democratization of money. This also raised a number of issues that need to be resolved. Among them, the issues of incorporating cryptocurrencies into monetary policy, accounting, and tax treatment of cryptocurrencies, as well as preventing potential abuses, are especially prominent. On the other hand, Shariah experts deal with cryptocurrencies from the aspect of their Shariah compliance, and on that issue they are divided. This paper analyzes the treatment of money in Islamic teaching and practice, the concept of cryptocurrencies, and the challenges of their practical application, as well as the arguments presented by Shariah experts in support of their positions on the Shariah (non) compliance of cryptocurrencies
De minimis state aid
Get PDFU radu se razmatra državna pomoć male vrednosti (de minimis aid). Ona je jedno od izuzeća od načela zabrane državi da materijalno pomaže nekim privrednim subjektima, kako ih ne bi povlastila u odnosu na ostale i time povredila njihovu ravnopravnost na tržištu. Autor objašnjava pojam državne pomoći male vrednosti, njeno opravdanje, povlašćenje koje uživaju njen davalac i korisnik (primalac) u odnosu na ostale vrste dozvoljene državne pomoći, te načine na koje se sprečava izigravanje pravila o njenom davanju. U radu se uporedo razmatraju pravila koja u ovom pitanju važe u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji. Zaključuje se da se srpskim pravom površno i nejasno uređuje državna pomoć male vrednosti, uz bitna odstupanja od prava EU. Osim toga, razmatra se i primerenost njenog najvećeg iznosa iz prava EU ekonomskim uslovima u Srbiji.In this paper the author analyses de minimis state aid as an exception from the principle of prohibiting the state to help some undertakings in order not to privilege them among other undertakings and to violate their equality on the market. Author explains the notion of de minimis aid, justification of this exception from the prohibition of granting the state aid, privilege that its provider and beneficiary enjoy in comparison with other types of allowable ("compatible") state AIDS, as well as the methods of preventing the circumvention of rules about its granting. Th e author compares the rules of European Union and Serbia in this question, pointing to differences between them. Th e conclusion is that Serbia regulates de minimis aid superficially and vaguely, with important deviations from the EU law. Besides, author contemplates the adequacy of the EU allowable sum of de minimis aid within Serbian economic conditions
Enforcement of civil claims during state of emergency declared due to the Covid-19 crisis
Get PDFNastanak i širenje epidemije korona virusa predstavljalo je iza zov za funkcionisanje postojećeg pravnog okvira u oblasti prinudne realizacije subjektivnih građanskih prava. Imajući u vidu nastalu opasnost po javno zdravlje, trebalo je regulisati postupanje sudova, javnih izvršitelja i drugih organa izvršnog postupka u takvoj situaciji. U Republici Srbiji vanredno stanje uzrokovano ovom pandemijom uvedeno je 15. marta 2020. godine, a ukinuto je odlukom Skupštine Srbije od 6. maja te iste godine. Za vreme vanrednog stanja, ali i tokom trajanja različitih mera za suzbijanje epidemije, čije je važenje produženo nakon ukidanja vanrednog stanja, postavilo se pitanje na koji način će funkcionisati prinudno ostvarivanje potraživanja u skladu sa odredbama Zakona o izvršenju i obezbeđenju. U radu ćemo analizirati akte donete od strane različitih državnih organa i imalaca javnih ovlašćenja, ali i postojeći normativni okvir prinudnog izvršenja i obezbeđenja, a naročito institute izvršnog prava koji omogućavaju prekid, odlaganje i zastajanje sa izvršnim postupkom.The purpose of this paper was to tackle conducting enforcement of civil claims in Serbia during state of emergency that has been declared because of coronavirus pandemic. Based on its constitutional powers in state of emergency Serbian Government has passed special regulation dealing with deadlines for initiating court proceedings and for filing legal remedies in the course of court proceedings. This regulation has also been applied to procedure for enforcement of civil claims. Ministry of Justice, High Judicial Council and Chamber of Public Enforcement Agents have issued various recommendations, conclusions and directives dealing with actions of courts and public enforcement agents. Since only the Serbian Government has undisputed constitutional authority to pass regulations in the state of emergency, all questions related to conducting civil enforcement had to be dealt by government regulations. In this way would have clear legal framework for enforcement of civil claims during state of emergency
On-line registration of companies in the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFAutor se u radu bavi postupkom elektronske registracije osnivanja privrednih društava u pravu Republike Srbije. Prvi put je ovaj postu pak omogućen 2017. godine radi elektronske registracije preduzetnika, a nedugo zatim i osnivanja jednočlanog i višečlanog društva sa ograničenom odgovornošću. Postupak se u celini izvodi elektronskim putem. Omogućeno je elektronsko podnošenje registracione prijave osnivanja privrednog društva, kao i elektronsko potpisivanje prijave korišćenjem kvalifikovanog elektronskog potpisa. Takođe je predviđena mogućnost sačinjavanja i dostavljanja elektronskih ili digitalizovanih dokumenata i nji hovo elektronsko potpisivanje. Najzad, elektronska registracija se okončava dostavljanjem odluke registratora u elektronskoj formi na registrovanu elektronsku adresu za prijem elektronske pošte. Uvođenje postupka elektronske registracije, a zatim i njena šira i efikasnija primena, predstavljaju jedan od važnih ciljeva u daljem unapređenju efikasnosti postupka osnivanja privrednog društva u Republici Srbiji. Ovaj postupak došao je do izražaja i tokom pandemije Covid-19, te iskustva iz tog perioda mogu da budu od značaja u daljem unapređenju ovog postupka.In this paper author presents an overview of the procedure of electronic registration of the companies' formation in the Serbian law. This procedure was made possible for the first time in 2017 for the purpose of electronic registration of entrepreneurs, and shortly afterward the establishment of a single-member and multi-member limited liability company. The procedure is performed entirely electronically. It is possible to submit electronically the registration application for founding a company, as well as to electronically sign the application using a qualified electronic signature. The possibility of composing and submitting electronic or digitized documents and their electronic signing is also envisaged. Finally, electronic registration ends with the delivery of the registrar's decision in the electronic form to the registered e-mail address. The introduction of the electronic registration procedure, and then its wider and more efficient application, represents one of the important goals in further improvement in the efficiency of the procedure of establishing a company in Serbia. This procedure came to the fore during the Covid-19 pandemic, and the experiences from that period may be important in the further improvement of this procedure
Why do we wear masks? Legitimacy, trust and norm compliance during pandemic
Get PDFHealth regulations curbing the spread of the Kovid-19 virus have brought a number of restrictions into our social life, from wearing masks and maintaining physical distance, to the complete abolition of important segments of social life. In doing so, the government has responded to the key risks of a pandemic: the health of individuals and the ability of health systems to care for large numbers of patients. At the very beginning of the pandemic, two notions took shape in the public: that young people are at lower risk than the elderly and the sick, and that they adhere less to epidemiological measures. Using a dana obtained through the survey at a sample of students at the Faculty of Law in Belgrade, I tried to establish the extent to which they comply with the regulations and which factors influence it the most. The results show that a relatively small percentage of respondents regularly comply with health regulations and that most of them are in the ambivalence zone. Compliance with the measures is influenced by the following factors: belief that the measures are justified and effective, that is, agreement with the content of the norms; trust in institutions, and especially trust in experts and doctors; as well as regular media consumption and trust in their objectivity. Social control, that is, moral and legal condemnation for non-compliance with measures, did not prove to be significant. These findings show that in crisis such as this, clear and transparent communication, and the behavior of actors and institutions that instills trust, can ensure voluntary compliance with legal measures
