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Critical analysis of the rules on shareholder identification in Serbian companies Act
Get PDFRad sadrži produbljenu analizu pravila Zakona o privrednim društvima, koja uređuju pravo akcionarskih društava da identifikuju svoje akcionare, ali i krajnje akcionare. Navedena pravila su usvojena 2021. godine sa ciljem usklađivanja srpskog prava s pravom Evropske unije, odnosno sa izmenjenom Direktivom 2007/36/EZ o pravima akcionara. U prvom delu rada je objašnjena problematika identifikacije akcionara u akcionarskim društvima. Zatim je analiziran ratio legis pravila koja uređuju to pitanje u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji. Centralni deo rada se bavi pravom akcionarskog društva da identifikuje svoje akcionare, korespondentnim obavezama posrednika i položajem akcionara s tim u vezi. Na osnovu pružene analize dolazi se do zaključka da je prilikom implementacije komunitarnih pravila srpski zakonodavac u određenim aspektima odstupio od svog uzora, tako da je izokrenut smisao čitavog instituta identifikacije akcionara, a uz to i narušena koherentnost sistema domaćeg prava akcionarskih društava. Otuda, u poslednjem delu rada, autor daje konkretne predloge za unapređenje regulative u ovoj oblasti.This paper contains an in-depth analysis of provisions in the Serbian Companies Act that regulate the right of listed companies to identify their shareholders and final shareholders. These rules were adopted in 2021 with the aim to harmonize Serbian law with the law of the European Union, i.e., the Revised Shareholder Rights Directive 2007/36/EC (SRD II). The first part of the paper explains the problem of identifying shareholders of listed companies and analyzes the reasons for regulating this issue at the EU level and in Serbia. The central part of the paper deals with the right of a listed company to know its shareholders, the corresponding obligations of intermediaries and the position of shareholders in that respect. A detailed analysis of these issues leads to a conclusion that the Serbian lawmaker has in certain aspects departed from the SRD II, which resulted in distortion of the whole concept of shareholder identification and incoherence of the current system of rules on listed companies. For this reason, in the last part of the paper the author gives specific proposals for improvement of existing rules in this field
Procedure of registration in real estate cadaster
Get PDFPromena registarskog sistema sa zemljišne knjige na katastar nepokretnosti imala je najveći uticaj na procesne odredbe, odnosno postupak registracije, jer se sa vanparničnog sudskog postupka prešlo na poseban upravni postupak. Pored toga, od stupanja na snagu Zakona o postupku upisa u katastar nepokretnosti i vodova 2018. godine sprovedeno je načelo upisa po službenoj dužnosti, što je omogućeno upotrebom informacionih tehnologija u postupku upisa. Postupak upisa moguće je pokrenuti bilo po službenoj dužnosti bilo po zahtevu, što unekoliko komplikuje procesne odredbe jer traži da se uredi situacija kad je postupak za isti upis pokrenut na oba načina. Specifičnost postupka upisa u katastar nepokretnosti ogleda se u ograničenoj ulozi organa koji vodi postupak, u smislu izostanka materijalnopravne provere isprava koje su osnov za upis. Upis se vrši na osnovu prvostepenog rešenja. Drugostepeni postupak pokreće se uvek na zahtev, odnosno podnošenjem žalbe, koja se za razliku od prvostepenog postupka ne podnosi elektronski već u papirnoj formi. Sudsku kontrolu rada katastra nepokretnosti vrši Upravni sud, jer je protiv konačnog drugostepenog rešenja moguće podnošenje tužbe u upravnom sporu.Changing the system of registration from the Land Books to the Real Estate Cadaster had a profound influence to the procedural provisions, respectively the procedure of registration, because a shift was made from uncontentious court proceedings to special administrative proceedings. Apart from that, since the 2018 Law on Procedure of Registration in Real Estate and Lines Cadaster came into force, the principle of registration by official duty had been implemented, which was enabled by the use of information technologies in the registration procedure. The procedure of registration may be initiated either by official duty or by request of an interested party, which complicates the procedural provisions to a certain degree, because it requires the situation where the procedure of registration of the same right is initiated in both manners to be regulated. One of the characteristics of the registration procedure in the Real Estate Cadaster is a limited role of authority carrying out the procedure to check the substantive validity of documents sent for registration. e registration is made on the basis of the first instance decision. e appeal (second instance) procedure is always initiated upon request (no appeal by official duty), respectively by lodging an appeal, which is, as opposed to requests within the first instance procedure, can be submitted in paper form. Judicial control of the work of the registry is carried out by the Administrative Court, because an administrative action is allowed against a final (second instance) administrative decision of the registry
The widening gap between proclaimed gender equality and real state of affairs in times of COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFA premise of this article is that the existing gap between the advanced gender equality normative framework and the state of gender equality in real life has widened in times of crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The background theoretical-methodological framework is presented in the introduction. The first chapter presents progressive gender equality achievements in the normative and strategic international, European and national framework. The next chapter explains why all crises have been worsening gender (in)equality in real life and even within the scope of already achieved rights. The third chapter outlines the negative impacts of COVID-19 on gender equality and living conditions of women globally, in the EU and Serbia. The fourth chapter addresses how the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to advancing gender equality. The conclusion sums up the main topics of analysis and considers challenges related to the pandemic's possible positive impacts on gender equality
The Referential Use of Another’s Trademark in the Context of Comparative Advertising
No full textWithin the broader question of the permissibility of the referential use of another’s trademark, the author deals with the trademark aspects of comparative advertising. This matter is regulated in the EU and Serbia by the rules of unfair competition law and trademark law, and the author reflects on the origin and perspectives of the intertwining of these two areas. The research is organized around the division of the information content of the trademark into navigation goodwill and surplus goodwill. Navigation goodwill corresponds to the function of a trademark to indicate the origin of the marked product, while surplus goodwill describes the reputation of the trademark. The limits of protection of surplus goodwill are problematic in legal theory and practice. One highlight of research is the interpretation of the legal prohibition on comparative advertising of products that are imitations or replicas of the reference product. Another highlight is the conclusion that free riding on the reputation of another’s trademark, when comparatively advertising a competing product, is not unfair (impermissible) per se. Unfairness must be based on additional circumstances, especially harm to the reputation of the trademark
Mihailo Konstantinović (1897-1982): A jurist who defined an era
Get PDFU članku je dat biografski pregled života i dela Mihaila Konstantinovića, profesora Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu i dopisnog člana JAZU. Prikazani su njegovo školovanje, univerzitetska i naučna karijera, politički angažman, rad na zakonodavstvu i u stručnim udruženjima. Autor se osvrće kako na doprinos Mihaila Konstantinovića srpskom zakonodavstvu i pravnoj nauci i priznanja koja je zaslužio, tako i na kontroverze njegovog života i rada, te zaključuje da je detaljnije proučavanje njegovog lika i dela svakako neophodno.The article provides a biographical overview of the life and work of Mihailo Konstantinović, professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law and corresponding member of the Yugoslav Academy of Arts and Sciences. This contribution covers his education, university and scientific career, political engagement, work on legislation and in professional associations. The article reflects on the contribution of Mihailo Konstantinović to Serbian legislation and jurisprudence and the recognition he deserved, as well as on the controversies of his life and work, concluding that a more detailed study of his character and work is undoubtedly necessary
Social responsible company's proactive approach towards employees and tax policy in the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFPoslodavac je dužan da poštuje ustavom i zakonom garantovana prava zaposlenih, dok od njegove poslovne strategije i finansijskih mogućnosti zavisi da li će zaposlenima, osim zarade, da pruži i neke dodatne pogodnosti. Slaba komunikacija između zaposlenih, nizak stepen tolerancije i dr. stvaraju lošu radnu atmosferu, što se nepovoljno odražava na poslovanje kompanije. U radu autorka polazi od hipoteze da bi društveno odgovorna kompanija mogla da obezbedi veće konkurentne prednosti ukoliko razvija proaktivan pristup prema zaposlenima, organizujući, između ostalog, zajedničke sportske i rekreativne aktivnosti koje doprinose očuvanju zdravlja zaposlenih, unapređenju međuljudskih odnosa i uspostavljanju tešnje veze između poslodavca i zaposlenih. To je naročito važno u uslovima kada je dvogodišnja pandemija izazvana virusom COVID-19 dovela do pretežno virtuelnih kontakata, izolacije i otuđenja ljudi. Kompromisno prevazilaženje različitosti u mišljenjima i socijalna kohezija povećavaju profitabilnost kompanije. Država je pokazala spremnost da poreskim merama podstakne kompanije na aktivnosti interne društvene odgovornosti, koje posebno imaju za cilj preventivnu zaštitu zdravlja zaposlenih.The employer is obliged to respect employees' rights guaranteed by the Constitution and the laws, whereas he can provide the employees with some benefits in addition to the salary which depends on his business strategy and financial capabilities. Poor communication among employees, low level of tolerance etc. create a bad working atmosphere, which adversely affects the company's business. In the paper the author starts from the hypothesis that a socially responsible company could provide greater competitive advantages if it develops a proactive approach to the employees organizing, among others, joint sports and recreational activities that contribute to preserving their health, improving interpersonal relations and establishing closer ties between the employer and the employees. Th is is especially important under the situation when the two years' pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has led to predominantly virtual contacts, isolation and alienation. Both compromise as a way to overcome different opinions and social cohesion increase the company's profitability. The state has shown readiness to encourage by tax measures the companies to implement the activities of the internal social responsibility which are particularly aimed at the preventive protection of the employees' health
Ilić Aleksandra : Komentar zakona o izvršenju krivičnih sankcija, JP Službeni glasnik, Beograd, 2022
Get PDFMeasures against the plague and other contagious diseases in Serbia in the first half of the 19th century
Get PDFThe paper provides an introduction covering the absence of measures against the plague and other contagious diseases in the Ottoman Empire, the measures practiced in the Austrian Empire, the terminology used for measures against the spreading of the disease in the Serbian language, etc. This is followed by a section that covers the plague during the First Serbian Uprising and the remembrance of its disastrous consequences. The central part of the paper focuses on the measures against cholera and the plague taken by the Principality of Serbia, starting the 1830s. Regulations modeled after the Austrian counterparts passed in 1839 and 1841, establishing a cordon sanitaire toward the Ottoman Empire
Evidence from the EncroChat and SKY ECC encrypted phones
Get PDFU radu se razmatra problematika pravne prirode i dokaznog značaja podataka pribavljenih nadzorom i dekodiranjem kriptovanih komunikacionih platformi EncroChat i Sky ECC. Prvi deo rada bavi se načinom na koji je sproveden nadzor nad ovim platformama, pravnom uporištu takvih radnji, pravnom osnovu za dostavljanje pribavljenih podataka drugim državama, njihovoj oceni i daljoj upotrebi u krivičnom postupku. U drugom delu bavimo se pravnom prirodom pribavljenih podataka kroz dilemu da li se radilo o ciljanom nadzoru u krivičnom postupku ili masovnom nadzoru sprovedenom od strane obaveštajnih službi kao i praksom ESLJP vezanom za ova pitanja i zaštitu člana 8 EKLJP. Imajući u vidu da mnogi podaci vezani za otkrivanje i obelodanjivanje ovih platformi još uvek nisu dostupni javnosti, analiza je mahom rađena na osnovu raspoloživih izveštaja pojedinih organizacija i odluka donetih od strane sudova u Nemačkoj i Velikoj Britaniji.Technological development and new forms of crime require redefinition of existing legal frameworks at domestic and international level. EncroChat and SkyEcc cases highlighted these problems, throwing the courts before the old Packer's dilemma, whether to give priority to crime control or due process model. While the protection of citizens' rights prevailed for many years, guided by the maxims that "the democracy of a society is measured by the provisions of its criminal procedure" and that "it is better 100 guilty persons to escape than that one innocent person suffer" it seems that in the era of information technologies, another model prevails, legitimizing almost unimaginable concepts such as mass surveillance of communications with derogation of the principle of territorial sovereignty. The "problem" escalated and came to the attention of many European countries after the "breaking" of the communication platforms EncroChat and SKY Ecc, which certainly contributed to the detection (and prevention) of numerous criminal acts by criminal groups, while at the same time opened many questions, starting from the method of discovering communication, delivering material to other countries and using it in criminal proceedings, the validity and admissibility of the so-called of "mass surveillance" that affects not only "criminals" but also "ordinary citizens", i.e. all users of certain communication platforms. The first part of the paper deals with the issues how these networks were break down, the legal basis for such actions, the legal basis for providing the obtained data to other countries, their evaluation and further use in criminal proceedings. As different countries have different procedural rules, the question is whether a domestic judge is authorized to evaluate the legality of evidence obtained abroad and according to what criteria? In this regard, a distinction is made between EU member states where European investigative orders and the principle of mutual recognition apply and other countries in the system of mutual legal assistance in criminal matters. In the second part, we deal with the legal nature of the obtained data through the dilemma of whether it was targeted surveillance in criminal proceedings, or mass surveillance carried out by the intelligence services, as well as the ECtHR's practice related to these issues. Bearing in mind that these investigations are still under the "veil of silence", the study was based on Europol/Eurojust data and few publicly available decisions of courts in Germany and the United Kingdom about the admissibility of these evidence
Mihailo Konstantinović on working on the Civil Code in inter-war Yugoslavia
Get PDFTekst je posvećen radu na kodifikaciji građanskog zakonika u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji dugom gotovo deceniju i po, koji, na kraju, nije doveo do usvajanja zakonika i mišljenju Mihaila Konstantinovića o tome radu. Najpre su ukratko izložene činjenice o ambijentu i prilikama u kojima je započet rad na kodifikaciji, o glavnim akterima, njihovim stavovima, metodu kodifikovanja i ishodu toga rada - nastanku Predosnove građanskog zakonika za Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju. Mišljenje Mihaila Konstantinovića o tom radu počinje istorijom nastanka srpskog Građanskog zakonika, kako se desilo da austrijski Građanski zakonik potisne francuski Code civile. Izložen je način na koji je Konstantinović branio svoj stav da je bilo pogrešno što je za osnovu za rad na jedinstvenom građanskom zakoniku bio uzet austrijski Građanski zakonik. Navedeni su Konstantinovićevi razlozi zašto je za osnovu trebalo uzeti Opšti imovinski zakonik za Crnu Goru iz 1888. godine, koji je napisao Valtazar Bogišić.The paper analyses the work on the codification of the civil code in interwar Yugoslavia and Mihailo Konstantinović's opinion of that work, which lasted almost a decade and a half but did not lead to the adoption of the code. The paper describes the environment and circumstances in which the work on codification began, the main actors, their positions, the method of codification, and the outcome of that work - the creation of The Pre-Draft of the Civil Code for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Mihailo Konstantinović's opinion on that work begins with the history of the creation of the Serbian Civil Code, and how it happened that the Austrian Civil Code was used as the basis, as opposed to the French Civil Code. Konstantinović's arguments for why it was wrong to use the Austrian Civil Code, instead of the 1888 Montenegrin General Property Code are presented