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Liberatory "accession" to debt: An overlooked institution of the Draft Code on Obligations and contracts
Get PDFSve naše zakonske odredbe u materiji promene dužnika prenete su iz Skice za zakonik o obligacijama i ugovorima. Međutim, tom prilikom je izostavljeno pravilo da poverilac i treće lice mogu izričito da ugovore oslobađajući efekat ugovora o pristupanju dugu. U Skici nije rešeno pitanje može li dužnik tome da se usprotivi. Ne znamo zašto TA odredba Skice nije preuzeta u Zakon o obligacionim odnosima. Ne znamo mnogo ni o tome kako su se razvijali stavovi Mihaila Konstantinovića o promeni dužnika. O tom razvoju postoje samo dva traga: autorizovane Beleške s predavanja koja je Konstantinović držao studentima Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu i tekst Skice. Zbog toga ovaj rad ima dva cilja. Prvo, da se razmotre promene u shvatanjima Mihaila Konstantinovića od njegovih prvih zabeleženih reči o ustanovi promene dužnika do Skice. I drugo, da se preispitaju smisao i domašaj zapostavljenog pravila o oslobađajućem pristupanju dugu.All the provisions of the Yugoslav, and subsequently Serbian, Law on Obligations of 1978 relating to substitution of debtor, originate from the Draft Code on Obligations and Contracts of 1969. However, the rule according to which the creditor and the third party may expressly discharge the original debtor was omitted from the Law. The reasons for this exclusion have not been recorded. Also, the Draft fails to specify whether the original debtor may protest their own release, i.e., if their consent is necessary for the discharge. This article has two purposes: to explore how the ideas of Mihailo Konstantinović, the sole author of the Draft, on the subject of substitution of debtor developed over time, and to examine the omitted rule on liberatory "accession" to debt or, more precisely, the assumption of debt by agreement between the creditor and a third party
On prohibition of assignment when the assignor's account is blocked: A contribution to the theory on the existence of forbidden contracts that are not sanctioned with absolute nullity
Get PDFCesija je jedan od uobičajnih poslova u savremenom privrednopravnom prometu. Slično se može reći za ustupanje umesto ispunjenja - posebnu vrstu cesije kada dužnik na ime dugovane činidbe ustupi poveriocu svoje potraživanje. Iz ugla platnog prometa, posredno ispunjenje novčane obaveze putem cesije je načelo dozvoljeno, sa istom pravnom snagom kao i plaćanje putem računa (neposredno ispunjenje novčane obaveze). Prema zakonu, pravna lica i preduzetnici mogu međusobne novčane obaveze izmirivati i ugovaranjem promene poverilaca, s tim što takva transakcija nije dopuštena ukoliko su njihovi računi u trenutku plaćanja blokirani radi izvršenja prinudne naplate. Prihvaćeni normativni pristup, bez izrečnog propisivanja građanskopravne sankcije za pravni posao suprotan zabrani, otvara prostor za različita tumačenja, što u srpskom pravu često ne znači ništa drugo do "ustoličenje pravne nesigurnosti".The author tries to resolve a legal issue raised in Serbian court practice: does the norm that prohibits the settlement of a monetary obligation via assignment of claims, in situations where the assignor's account is blocked for the purpose of forced collection, represent by nature a norm: lex plus quam perfecta, or a norm: lex minus quam perfecta (Article 5 of the Law on Payments by Companies, Entrepreneurs and Natural Persons). According to the Serbian Supreme Court of Cassation, the misdemeanour liability for infringement of the prohibition of assignment cannot exclude the absolute nullity of legal transaction as a civil sanction, as specified in Article 103 of the Law on Obligations. On the contrary, the author argues that the repressive and preventive purpose of interpreted legal rule is achieved by the enhanced penalty, while the legal transaction undertaken contrary to the prohibition remains valid and in force
The EU Copyright Exceptions for Text and Data Mining: (Un)suitable Model Solution for the Development of Artificial Intelligence?
No full textTwo copyright exceptions for text and data mining (TDM) have been recently introduced in European Union (EU) law. The first "stronger" exception covers TDM conducted for the narrow purposes of scientific research by research organisations (non-profit or tasked with a public interest mission) and cultural heritage institutions. The second " weaker" exception refers to TDM in general, but the rightholders have the power to opt out from it (and after doing so, to license TDM of their content). These exceptions have become a target of immense criticism concerning their (un)suitability to adequately support further development of artificial intelligence in the European Union. This article offers an overview of both the EU TDM copyright exceptions and the ongoing critical discussions accompanying them. The aim is to determine what lessons and/or guidelines could be drawn from this EU experience for other countries that might be considering the introduction of a TDM copyright exception in their national laws
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on civil proceedings
Get PDFPandemija Kovid-19 je ukazala na sve moguće slabosti pravosudnog sistema u svim državama sveta. Pandemija je posebno ogolila nedostatke u Zakonu o parničnom postupku Srbije koji se javljaju u vezi sa rokovima u postupku, načinu održavanja i naročito odlaganja ročišta. Države su različito reagovale na pandemiju. Neke, među kojima i Srbija, preduzele su kratkoročne mere radi ublažavanja prvog udara pandemije. Druge su, pak, bile opreznije, uzele u obzir mogućnost trajanja pošasti, te posebnim zakonima prilagodile način odvijanja postupka u novonastalim uslovima. U suštini, pandemija utiče na mogućnost očuvanja prava iz korpusa prava na pravično suđenje. S druge strane, pak, postupci uprkos pandemiji moraju da se odvijaju u okvirima poštovanja osnovnih procesnih prava koja čine temelj pravne države.The COVID-19 pandemic is a health care crisis with serious human and social consequences, with challenges for the courts and the judiciary all around the world. It has created the conditions to reflect on the possibilities of applying innovative measures in the judiciary. In the context of domestic realities, we note that the gaps in the procedural legislation and other technical and legal shortcomings of the rules and institutions of civil procedural law significantly affect the access to justice. State civil courts have suspended dockets, allowed litigants to delay their cases, or are operating in person but with more limited contact. Serbian courts could not and still cannot shift to remote operation by phone or video. The so-called "virtual hearing" is not allowed by Serbian law. This article especially addresses to issues of duty to safeguard the public hearing in both the court room and in case of holding a virtual hearing
Between the judiciary and advocacy: Professional preferences of law students in Serbia
Get PDFU ovom radu autorka će se baviti pitanjem profesionalnih preferencija studenata prava, sa posebnim naglaskom na preferencije ka sudijskoj i advokatskoj profesiji. U prvom delu rada dat je prikaz najvažnijih pravničkih profesija u Srbiji, dok su u drugom delu teksta prikazani rezultati kvantitativnog istraživanja sprovedenog na Pravnom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu. U zaključnoj diskusiji autorka će pokušati da sistematizuje dobijene rezultate i da da objašnjenje za rezultate kroz prikaz motiva kojima se studenti rukovode prilikom izbora buduće profesije i kroz poređenje uslova rada u advokatskoj i sudijskoj profesiji.In this paper, the author will present the issue of professional preferences of law students, with a special emphasis on the preferences towards the judiciary and the advocacy as professions. The first part of the paper presents the most important legal professions in Serbia, while the second part of the text presents the results of quantitative research conducted at the Faculty of Law, the University of Belgrade. In the concluding discussion, the author will try to systematize the obtained results and give an explanation for them by presenting the motives that students are guided by when choosing a future profession and by comparing working conditions in the judicial and attorney professions
Belleflamme Paul, Martin Peitz: The economics of platforms: Concepts and strategy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2021; 256
Get PDFFederalist Mihailo Konstantinović
Get PDFProfesor Mihailo Konstantinović je zajedno sa svojim kolegama, Mihailom Ilićem i Đorđem Tasićem, savetovao predsednika vlade Dragišu Cvetkovića, koji je inspirisan zamislima kneza-namesnika Pavla, posle komplikovanih pregovora postigao sporazum s vođom najjače hrvatske političke stranke Vlatkom Mačekom. Na osnovu tog sporazuma, koji je sklopljen pri samom kraju avgusta 1939. godine, doneta je Uredba o Banovini Hrvatskoj, kojom je ova stekla poseban položaj u jugoslovenskoj kraljevini. Konstantinović je učestvovao u pregovorima kao ekspert i umnogome doprineo formulisanju teksta te uredbe. Namere tvoraca sporazuma, kao i kneza Pavla, težile su načelnom preuređenju države tako što će biti uveden federalizam. Konstantinović se vrlo mnogo angažovao u tom pogledu i sastavio je nacrt uredbe o Banovini Srpskih Zemalja. Političke prilike i rat omeli su ostvarenje takve zamisli, ali se profesor Konstantinović jasno pokazao kao pristalica federativnog uređenja.Mihailo Konstantinović, together with his colleagues Mihailo Ilić and Đorđe Tasić, served as counsel to Prime Minister Dragiša Cvetković committed by Prince Regent Pavle to reach an agreement with Vlatko Maček, the leader of the strongest Croatian political party. The August 1939 agreement resulted in the creation of the Banovina of Croatia, which thus obtained special status within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Konstantinović took part in the negotiations and significantly contributed to the drafting of the accompanying decree. The intention of the parties to the agreement, in line with the Prince Regents, was in the direction of introducing federalism in Yugoslavia. Konstantinović very much engaged in such efforts and drafted a decree that was to create the Banovina of Serbian Lands. Political circumstances, as well as the war, impeded the implementation of such ideas, but Konstantinović nevertheless proved himself a convinced federalist
Anonymity in the age of the internet
Get PDFNakon rane faze razvoja interneta koja je počivala na anonimnoj komunikaciji u virtuelnim zajednicama, u poslednje dve decenije dešava se dramatičan preokret. Širenje upotrebe digitalnih platformi za umrežavanje, s jedne strane, i vrlo labave politike privatnosti na internetu, s druge strane, sve više sužavaju mogućnost anonimne upotrebe interneta. Polazeći od takvih trendova, u radu se bavimo transformacijom uloge onlajn anonimnosti iz pravne i društvene perspektive sa ciljem da identifujemo ključne faktore i aktere koji podstiču deanonimizaciju interneta. U prvom delu rada pokazujemo da je anonimnost pratilac modernizacije savremenih društava, ali i da ona može nositi različite iza zove po njihovu slobodu i bezbednost. U drugom delu rada analiziramo fenomen anonimnosti na internetu kroz različite pro et contra perspektive, obraćajući posebnu pažnju na identifikaciju ključnih aktera koji dovode do sveopšte deanonimizacije, kao jedne od suštinskih karakteristika organizacije i javnog i privatnog života u XXI veku.While in its early phases the Internet had been based on anonymous communication within virtual communities, the past two decades have brought about a reversal. The proliferation of digital networking platforms, on one hand, and loose internet privacy policies, on another, have been narrowing the space for anonymous use of the Internet. Based on these trends the paper deals with the transformation of the role of online anonymity in the socio-legal perspective. In the first part we demonstrate that anonymity accompanies the modernization of contemporary societies, but there are also various freedom and security challenges. In the second part of the paper, we analyze internet anonymity as a phenomenon, assessing both arguments in favor and against it. We are particularly interested in identification of the stakeholders who advocate overall deanonymization, as one of the crucial characteristics of public and private life in contemporary society
Between ketman and defense of the university profession: Mihailo Konstantinović in the academic purges during the 1940s
Get PDFPo uspostavljanju vlasti Komunističke partije Jugoslavije, univerzitetski profesori su bili suočeni s izborom: podići glas protiv diktature uz plaćanje visoke cene, pristupiti KPJ ili prihvatiti obrazac ketmana. Mihailo Konstantinović je bio među malobrojnima koji su pokušavali da pronađu četvrti put: zadržati službu, ne preći na crvenu stranu, a ne ostati zarobljen u ketmanstvu. Takve postupke treba ceniti kao gestove hrabrosti, a ne oportunizma. Konstantinović nije prisustvovao sednici Saveta Fakulteta 1946. godine kada je udaljen Dragoljub Jovanović. Studenti-komunisti su 1947. godini zahtevali uklanjanje profesora Vladisavljevića i Mirkovića. Konstantinović je bio jedan od profesora koji su ih satima branili i bio izložen kritikama kolega komunista. Savet je na kraju prepustio odluku višim vlastima i Vladisavljević i Mirković su otpušteni. Iduće godine represiji je izložen docent Milivoje Marković, koga je, zbog pritiska članova KPJ, branio manji broj kolega. Konstantinović nije govorio, ali nije glasao za isključenje. Najvažnije mu je bilo da sačuva Fakultet.Under Communist rule in Yugoslavia a university professor could either raise his voice and pay a high price, join the Party or accept the ketman practice. Mihailo Konstantinović tried to find a fourth way: retain the office, not cross to the red side and avoid being perceived as a ketman. Konstantinović was absent at the meeting of the Facultys Council in 1946 when Dragoljub Jovanović was expelled. When in 1947 Communist students required removal of professors Milan Vladisavljević and Đorđe Mirković, Konstantinović was one of the professors who defended them, exposed to attacks by his Communist colleagues. The Council eventually relinquished the decision to higher authorities and Vladisavljević and Mirković were consequently dismissed. The following year assistant professor Milivoje Marković was targeted but due to the Communist pressure fewer colleagues defended him. Konstantinović did not take a stand on that occasion. His most important goal was to preserve the Faculty
Mandatory rules in recent Serbian jurisprudence and contractual practice
Get PDFSloboda ugovaranja i dispozitivne norme zakona karakteristične su za ugovorno pravo. Imperativne su izuzetak i njihovo kršenje vodi nevažnosti ugovora ili drugim posledicama. Otuda je u svakom konkretnom slučaju bitno utvrditi da li je norma ugovornog prava koju treba primeniti dispozitivna ili imperativna. U skladu sa slobodom ugovaranja, u zakonu se polazi od pretpostavke da su norme dispozitivne, izuzetak treba utvrditi. U pojedinim slučajevima praksa se kolebala, a sudovi su stav da su u pitanju imperativne norme branili neprihvatljivim argumentom da zakonom nije izričito dozvoljeno drugačije ugovaranje. Suprotno, u pojedine međunarodne ugovore, za koje je kao merodavno ugovoreno pravo Srbije, naročito o prodaji udela u privrednom društvu, sve češće se unose ustanove koje potiču iz anglosaksonskog prava, Representations and Warranties i Put option. Praksa tada nije uvek spremna da prepozna i primeni imperativne norme srpskog prava. U članku se kritički analiziraju primeri takve prakse.Freedom of contract and non-mandatory statutory rules are characteristics of the law on contracts. Mandatory provisions are exceptional and their violation leads to the invalidity of contract and other consequences. Freedom of contract assumes that the rules are non-mandatory, while the exception is to be determined. In a number of cases jurisprudence wavered, and the courts tend to defend their position that a rule is mandatory by invoking the unacceptable position that the Statute has not explicitly allowed different contracting. By contrast, Anglo-Saxon legal institutions representations and warranties and put option are often incorporated in international agreements in which Serbias law is accepted as applicable, especially in agreements on the sale of shares in limited liability companies. In such cases the jurisprudence is not always willing to recognise and apply mandatory provisions of Serbias law. In the paper the examples of such practice are subject to a critical analysis