RALF
Not a member yet
2273 research outputs found
Sort by
The succession responsibilities in international law through the work of the International Law Commission: The approach in Pavel Sturma's reports
Get PDFNe postoji mnogo tema u međunarodnom pravu koje su kompleksnije, heterogenije, sa više regionalnih i kontekstualnih specifičnosti, ali i više ispolitizovane, od pitanja sukcesije država, pa samim tim i sukcesije odgovornosti. Ako pogledamo samo XXI vek, lako se može uočiti veliki broj (novo)otvorenih političkih pitanja i teritorijalnih nesuglasica između država. Upravo zbog navedenog značaja, ali i aktuelnosti ove teme, autori su u navedenom članku analizirali rad Komisije za međunarodno pravo po pitanju sukcesije odgovornosti država. U radu su konsekutivno analizirani najzanimljiviji delovi četiri izveštaja Pavela Šturme, izvestioca Komisije za međunarodno pravo, uz adekvatan normativni i komparativni osvrt sa ciljem njihove kontekstualizacije i ocene. Fokus rada je na načinu na koji je Komisija pristupila ovom pitanju, koje je jedno od najkomplikovanijih u međunarodnom pravu. Još jednom se pokazao kao dobitan pristup u kome se daju smernice i okviri ali se ostavlja dovoljno prostora državama da svoje međusobne odnose regulišu na način koji smatraju najprikladnijim.There are not many topics in international law which are more complex, more heterogeneous, with more regional and contextual particularities, but also more politicized than the issue of succession of states and therefore the succession of responsibilities. In the 21st century alone, there are numerous open issues, among which the issue of Kosovo* is of particular importance for the Republic of Serbia. The mentioned significance of this topic, alongside its actuality and legal complexity is the reason why the authors decided to analyze the work of the International Law Commission on the issue of the succession of state responsibilities in the above article. The reports of Pavel Šturma, the rapporteur of the International Law Commission, were analyzed consecutively, highlighting the most significant features, with an adequate normative and comparative review. Through the analysis of all four reports provided by the rapporteur, the authors did not focus only on the tasks given to the rapporteur and his findings. Instead, they are also emphasizing dilemmas, other views, and opinions that were brought by various countries but also provide a historical and comparative context of both issues and solutions. While this topic could be further analyzed in many more articles and books, a clear overview of the work of the International Law Commission and Mr. Šturma on the topic of the succession of responsibilities in international law was provided. This approach benefits both younger scholars and practitioners looking for a firm basic article to commence research as well as for more experienced researchers and their need for more in-depth analysis. Legal analysis, focused on normative framework, resulted from the work of the Commission, as well as on practical implications is the basis of the authors' approach in this article
Same-sex relationships in light of application of the 2007 Hague Protocol on the law applicable to maintenance obligations
Get PDFPod istopolnim zajednicama života u uporednom pravu se podrazumevaju istopolni brakovi, registrovana partnerstva i de facto isto polne zajednice. U Haškom protokolu o merodavnom pravu za obaveze izdržavanja, značajnim izvorom srpskog kolizionog prava u toj oblasti, ništa nije naznačeno o njegovoj (ne)primeni na takve zajednice, niti je definisan pojam porodični odnos u smislu čl. 1 tog protokola. Autor u ovom radu istražuje u kojoj meri se taj pojam može ekstenzivno tumačiti i da li može obuhvatiti i istopolne zajednice života. Suštinska je dilema da li primena Protokola na takve odnose proizilazi iz autonomnog tumačenja pojma porodični odnos ili iz odluke svake države potpisnice pojedinačno. Zauzimajući stav o tim pitanjima, autor ispituje mogućnost primene Protokola za određivanje merodavnog prava u sporovima povodom izdržavanja iz istopolnih zajednica zaključenih u inostranstvu, koji se vode pred domaćim organima. Posebna pažnja je posvećena analizi hipotetičkog slučaja i domašaju klauzule javnog poretka iz čl. 13 Protokola.Same-sex marriages, registered partnerships and de facto unions are considered same-sex relationships in comparative law. In the Hague Protocol, an important source of the Serbian conflict of law system, nothing is indicated about its application to these relationships, nor is the notion of family relationship defined in sense of Article 1. This paper examines the scope of interpretation of this notion and whether it includes same-sex relationships. The main dilemma is whether the application of the Protocol may arise from autonomous interpretation of notion family relationship or from the decision of each contracting state. Taking a position regarding these issues, the author examines the possibility of application of the Protocol to determine applicable law in disputes regarding maintenance of same-sex relationships, concluded abroad, and processed before domestic authorities. Special attention is paid to the analysis of a hypothetical case and the extent of the public-policy clause from Article 13
Impact of COVID-19 on the aviation industry: An overview of global and some local effects
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic temporarily paralysed demand for air travel causing long-term implications for all industry stakeholders involved. Nobody was spared, and without government support, many airlines, airports and air navigation service providers (ANSP), would have gone out of business already in the first year of the pandemic. In order to assess the global impact of COVID-19 on the aviation industry, this paper reviewed data from publications by various international aviation organizations, academic papers, and annual reports by airlines, airports and ANSPs, etc. The findings show that the global aviation industry was severely hit by the pandemic, pushing all stakeholders to adopt countermeasures, with the most common response by airlines being the reconfiguring their networks and capacity or switching to cargo operations, airports and other operators reacted by reducing staff numbers, while passengers had to adapt to the new travel rules and the new normalit
Konstantinovićs concept of Limitation of Claims: Have the ideas about the times influence on law withstood the influence of time?
Get PDFMihailo Konstantinović je idejni tvorac Zakona o zastarelosti potraživanja iz 1953. godine. U ovom članku se istražuje na koji način je nadogradio i premašio austrijski Opšti građanski zakonik, koji je do tada važio na velikom delu jugoslovenskih teritorija, bilo neposredno bilo posredstvom koncepata usvojenih u Građanskom zakoniku za Kraljevinu Srbiju. Njegove temeljne ideje su kasnije, uz manje (delimično neosmišljene) izmene, preuzete u Zakon o obligacionim odnosima, tako da nekoliko decenija nije bilo potrebe za većom reformom oblasti zastarevanja. Savremene tendencije u toj oblasti teže unekoliko drugačijoj koncepciji zastarevanja, kojom se još veća pažnja posvećuje uravnoteženju položaja poverioca i dužnika, kao i objedinjavanju sistema. Međutim, treba uzeti u obzir da su one posledica savremenijeg diskursa o ljudskim pravima u privatnom pravu i problema sa primenom delimično zastarelih i nepreglednih pravila o zastarevanju u evropskim pravnim sistemima, gde - za razliku od zemalja nekadašnje Jugoslavije - pravila ponegde nisu osavremenjena sto i više godina.Mihailo Konstantinović was the author of the 1953 Act on Limitation of Claims. The article explores how he improved and surpassed the rules on limitation set forth in the Austrian Civil Code which had previously been directly or indirectly applicable in a large part of the former Yugoslavia. His cornerstone ideas were later also copied with minor changes (partly not well thought through) into the Law on Obligations, ensuring there was no need for a comprehensive reform for decades. Admittedly, modern guidelines on limitation propose somewhat different concepts, focusing increasingly on the balance between the creditor and the debtor and on the simplification of the system. However, these guidelines are based on the modern discourse on human rights in private law and on the negative experience of some European jurisdictions with outdated and untransparent rules on limitation which - as opposed to the former Yugoslavia - remained unchanged for a century or more
The right of shipwreck in medieval Serbia
Get PDFThe paper represents the first attempt to specifically and comprehensively explore the right of shipwreck (ius naufragii) in medieval Serbia. In the opening section, the wider comparative context is established through an overview of the presence of this legal custom in Europe and the Mediterranean during the ancient and medieval periods. This is followed by a discussion of the available information on its presence in Serbia, which spans the period from the early 14th to the mid-15th century and includes examples both of its exercise and of regulations by which it was abolished in regard to communities focused on maritime trade - Venice and Dubrovnik. The final section is dedicated to the examination of its status as a regal right of Serbian medieval rulers and the circumstances and mechanisms of its abolition regarding Venetian and Dubrovnik ships
Gilbert Richard J.: Innovation Matters: Competition Policy for the High-Technology Economy, Cambridge, Mass. & London, The MIT Press, 2020
Get PDFThe anatomy of price gouging: A regulatory or competition law antidote
Get PDFUnlike other natural disasters, the coronavirus disease pandemic is global in character, which is why interest among researchers in the price gouging phenomenon is on the rise. Without disputing many solid arguments favouring the market mechanism, we will reconsider the goals and means of potential government intervention. One possibility lies in economic regulation, the other in competition law. In the first case, price ceilings are usually imposed for necessary goods, followed by rationing and export restrictions. On the other hand, competition policy focuses on preventing the exercise of temporary market power. We will try to show that market failures can provide specific arguments for regulation but relying on competition protection policy seems unjustified. Still, since the critical issue is defining excessive prices in the short run, we expect competition authorities to address this issue, considering that they are permanently monitoring various markets
Reimbursement of funeral costs in Roman law
Get PDFSveta i moralna dužnost članova porodice, pre svega naslednika, bila je da sahrani pokojnika. Pogrebna ceremonija i veličina nadgrobnog spomenika odražavali su društveni status ostavioca; ipak, sahrana je imala dvojaku ulogu - da obezbedi miran prelazak duše u večnost i osigura mir potomcima. Čitajući pravničke tekstove, uočava se da je pitanje troškova sahrane bilo od velikog značaja za potomstvo. Osim toga, zaključujemo da su rimski zakonodavci, advokati i sveštenici bili posebno svesni njegovog značaja. S tim u vezi, pretor je izdao Edictum de sumptibus funerum, kojim je ustanovljena actio funeraria, kako bi se utvrdilo ko i pod kojim uslovima stiče pravo na naknadu troškova sahrane, ali i kako bi se obezbedilo da niko ne bude sahranjen o tuđem trošku. Cilj ovog rada je da odgovori na pitanja ko je imao obavezu i odgovornost da organizuje sahranu i snosi njene troškove, kada i pod kojim uslovima je organizator mogao da utuži nastali trošak, kao i šta se smatralo troškovima sahrane. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na sledeće. Veličina sahrane i visina pogrebnih troškova zavisili su od društvenog statusa i bogatstva pokojnika. Troškovi sahrane podeljeni su na nužne, koji obuhvataju troškove bez kojih sahrana ne bi mogla da se organizuje i prigodne, koje zavise od ugleda umrlog. Iako je bilo pokušaja da se Ulpijanova klasifikacija na nužne i pogodne troškove proširi, čini se da to nije bio slučaj u praksi. Troškovi sahrane uglavnom su se - uz nekoliko izuzetaka - pokrivali iz zaostavštine, a obavezu nadoknade učinjenih troškova najčešće su snosila lica koja su sahranjivala pokojnika. Iz Ciceronovih i Ulpijanovih tekstova saznajemo koje su osobe bile dužne da sahranjuju pokojnika, odnosno pokriju troškove sahrane. Važno je napomenuti da istraživanja pokazuju da je od trenutka smrti do plaćanja troškova zaostavština bila u režimu hereditas iacens i da je njome upravljao pretor kako bi se osiguralo da niko ne bude sahranjen o tuđem trošku. Rad koristi jezičko, sistemsko i istorijsko tumačenje tekstova D.11.7.12.4-6, D.11.7.13, D.11.7.14.3,4,6 i 10, D.11.7.21, Cic.Leg.2.48-49, kao i istorijski metod.The sacred and moral duty of family members, primarily heirs, was to bury the deceased. The funeral ceremony and the size of the funeral monument reflected the social status of the decedent; nonetheless the funeral itself had a dual role - to ensure a peaceful transition of the soul into eternity and to provide peace for the descendants. Reading the legal texts, it could easily be seen that the issue of funeral costs was at the high level of importance for the offspring. In addition, we can assert that the Roman legislators, lawyers and priests were particular aware of its importance. In this regard, the praetor issued the Edictum de sumptibus funerum, establishing the actio funeraria, in order to determine who and under what conditions acquires the right of reimbursement of funeral costs, but also to ensure that no one is buried at someone else's expense. The aim of this paper is to answer the questions who had the liability and responsibility to organize the funeral and bear it costs, when and under what conditions could organizer sue for the incurred expense and what was considered as the funeral cost. Results indicate the following. The grandeur of the funeral and the amount of funeral expenses depended on the social status and wealth of the deceased. The costs of the funeral were divided into necessary, which cover expenses in the name of activities without funeral could not take place and convenient, which depend on the reputation of the defunctus. Although there have been attempts to expand Ulpian's classification into necessary and convenient expenses, this does not seem to have been the case at the outset. Funeral expenses were mostly - with a few exceptions, covered from the inheritance, and the obligation to reimburse the costs incurred was most often borne by the persons burying the deceased. From Cicero's and Ulpian's texts, we learn which persons were obliged to bury the deceased, i.e. cover funeral expenses. It is important to note that research shows that from the moment of death until the costs are paid, the inheritance is in the regime of hereditas iacens, and that it is administered by the praetor to ensure that no one is buried at someone else's expense. The paper uses linguistic, historical and systematic interpretation of passages D.11.7.12.4-6, D.11.7.13, D.11.7.14.3,4,6 and 10, D.11.7.21, Cic.Leg.2.48-49, as well as historical method
(Un)certainty in the price of air ticket
Get PDFU radu se razmatra neizvesnost koju trpe potrošači pri kupovini avio-karata. Ona se ispoljava u dva oblika. Prvo, kao nedorečenost u ceni karte prilikom njene kupovine, tako što se u početnim koracima kupovine ističe jedna cena, a docnije, pri neposrednom zaključenju ugovora, potrošaču se predočava druga, konačna cena uvećana najčešće za naknade za registrovani prtljag, obroke u toku leta i osiguranje. Drugi oblik neizvesnosti postoji kada je prevoz vazduhoplovom sastavni deo složenijeg ugovora o organizovanju putovanja. Tada je moguće da se poveća ukupna cena čitavog paket aranžmana zbog povećanja cene prevoza, najčešće iz razloga promena na tržištu nafte. Zaključuje se da su oba povećanja cene karte neopravdana, s obzirom na to da stvaraju neizvesnost na strani potrošača, iako je drugi oblik pravno uređen, i najčešće nedvosmisleno predočen korisniku.In the article, the author considers the uncertainty in the price of air tickets which is manifested in two ways. The first one is difficulty in cognition of real price of ticket due to many of advertising methods which are aimed to attract as many as possible new passengers. Usually, the price at the beginning of the process of purchasing the ticket is much lower than the final price at the end of the process of its purchase. The second example of uncertainty is present in the package tour arrangement where is possible to increase the overall price due to reasons on the carrier's side (usually due to an increase in the price of fuel). The author concludes that both of the aforementioned occasions of increasing the price of the tickets are unacceptable because of protecting reasons of consumers
Admissibility of appeal on the points of law in the procedure for recognition of foreign judgments
Get PDFU dosadašnjoj sudskoj praksi u Srbiji zastupano je shvatanje da revizija kao vanredni pravni lek nije dozvoljena u postupku priznanja strane sudske odluke. Autori imaju cilj da ispitaju osnovanost ovakvog shvatanja tako što ga kritički razmatraju iz ugla propisa koji uređuju materiju međunarodnog privatnog prava, vanparničnog i parničnog postupka. Takođe, u radu se ispituje da li bi takvo rešenje odgovaralo i širem regulatornom okviru koji obuhvata ustavne i međunarodne norme, svrsi primenjivih instituta, kao i potrebi da se obezbedi puna pravna zaštita i sigurnost međunarodnog privrednog prometa. Autori zaključuju da ne postoje zakonske prepreke koje zaista onemogućavaju izjavljivanje revizije u postupku egzekvature, te da bi dozvoljenost ovog vanrednog pravnog leka doprinela unapređenju međunarodnog privrednog prometa, kao i neophodnoj pravnoj sigurnosti.Serbian courts do not allow appeal on the points of law (as an extraordinary legal remedy) in the procedure for recognition of foreign judgments. The authors aim to examine the validity of this understanding by critically considering it from the perspective of regulations governing the issues of private international law, non-litigious procedure and civil procedure. In addition, the paper examines whether such a solution corresponds to a broader regulatory framework that includes constitutional and international norms, the purpose of applicable institutes, as well as the need to ensure full legal protection and facilitate international business transactions. The authors conclude that there are no legal obstacles to appeal on the points of law in the exequatur procedure, and that its admissibility would contribute to the improvement of international economic traffic and legal certainty