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Non-competes in employment contracts: (Un)justified restrictions on the freedom to work
Get PDFAutorka u radu analizira normativne i praktične aspekte radnopravnog instituta zabrane konkurencije. Hipoteza postavljena u radu jeste da, iako radno pravo treba da poznaje institut zabrane konkurencije, postoji potreba da se u većoj meri ograniči unošenje zabrane konkurencije u ugovor o radu (naročito za period posle prestanka radnog odnosa), kako ne bi došlo do neopravdanog ograničenja slobode rada zaposlenih. Cilj rada je da izloži prednosti i mane zabrane konkurencije iz (suprotstavljenih) perspektiva poslodavca i zaposlenog, te da ukaže na to koje odredbe u domaćem pravnom okviru je potencijalno neophodno revidirati kako ne bi dolazilo do zloupotrebe zabrane konkurencije od strane poslodavaca u praksi. Rad sadrži analizu rešenja domaćeg radnog zakonodavstva i kratak pregled rešenja iz određenih država Evropske unije koja mogu biti smernica za izmene i dopune domaćeg zakonodavstva, kao i analizu rezultata istraživanja sprovedenog putem upitnika koja pokazuje da zaposleni nisu u dovoljnoj meri upoznati sa institutom zabrane konkurencije. Konačno, autorka je sprovela i intervju sa respondentima koji su imali ili imaju zabranu konkurencije u ugovoru o radu. Na osnovu intervjua se može zaključiti da zaposleni pristaju na klauzulu zabrane konkurencije u strahu da neće dobiti posao, iako smatraju da nema opravdanog osnova za ovakvu klauzulu.The author analyses the normative and practical aspects of non-competes as a labour law institute. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that although non-compete clauses should exist, there is a need to further limit the inclusion of such clauses in employment contracts (especially post-contractual non-competes), so that there would not be an unjustified limitation on the freedom to work. The aim of the paper is to present the advantages and disadvantages of non-competes from the (opposed) perspectives of the employer and employee, and to indicate which provisions in the Serbian legal framework should potentially be revised in order to avoid employers abusing non-competes in practice. The paper contains an analysis of the legal framework in Serbia and a brief overview of solutions from certain European Union member states which could be utilized as guidelines for amending Serbian legislation, as well as an analysis of the results of a survey conducted through a questionnaire which demonstrates that employees are not very familiar with non-competes. Finally, the author conducted interviews with respondents who have or have had non-competes in their employment contract. Based on the interviews, it was concluded that employees agree to the non-competes out of fear of not getting employed, despite believing that there is no justified basis for such a clause
Sarotte, Mary Elise: Not One Inch: America, Russia, and the Making of Post-Cold War Stalemate, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2021
Get PDFMihailo Konstantinović and the transformation of the private law in Serbian and earlier Yugoslav law
Get PDFU srpskoj i ranijoj jugoslovenskoj javnosti relativno malo se znalo o Mihailu Konstantinoviću. Razlog je uglavnom bilo to što je iza sebe ostavio skroman broj radova. Na pitanje jednog mladog pravnika zašto nije napisao više, profesor je odgovorio da mu nije izgledalo da je pisanje komentara o pravu koristan posao u situaciji u kojoj zakoni ne postoje ili nisu na potrebnoj visini. Stoga je odlučio da se posveti pisanju zakonskih nacrta, a ne knjiga o pravu. Između dva rata njegova aktivnost se sastojala u kritici stanja prava i pokušaja da se u Nacrtu građanskog zakonika, nazvanog Predosnova, nametne austrijski Građanski zakonik. Posle Drugog svetskog rata Konstantinović je bio isključivi redaktor prednacrta zakona iz svih oblasti građanskog prava (izuzev stvarnog prava). Znatan broj tih originalnih tekstova je u toku vremena bio izmenjen i dopunjen. Ali činjenica je da i danas značajan deo njegovih ideja uređuje pravne odnose od Kajmakčalana do Karavanki!The Serbian and previous Yugoslav public knows little about Mihailo Konstantinović, one of our greatest jurists. The reason for this is the fact that he published a modest number of scholarly papers. When asked why he had not written more, Konstantinović responded that he did not consider it beneficial to write treatises and commentaries in a situation where the laws did not exist or were not properly drafted. Hence, he decided to focus on writing laws and not books about law. After the Second World War, Konstantinović was the sole redactor of a number of draft laws in the most important fields of private law, i.e. family law, inheritance law and law of obligations. A number of his original texts have been amended or supplemented over time, but the fact remains that even today a significant number of his ideas guide legal relations in the countries of the former Yugoslavia
Mulder Nicholas: The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2022.
Get PDFThe constant change of EU consumer law: The real deal or just an illusion?
Get PDFEU consumer law is in a process of constant change. Over the past several decades EU consumer law has gone through many changes, reaffirming the statement by Greek philosopher Heraclitus: the only constant is change (Panta Rhei). This paper emphasizes the transformative nature of EU consumer law and its constant changes. Firstly, the paper addresses the changes in legal grounds and competences, as the roots of EU consumer law. Secondly, it presents the changes of the levels of harmonization and their impact on EU consumer directives and the national laws of the Member States. It continues by observing the impact of the CJEUs uniform and autonomous interpretation on the national case law of the Member States and consumer law enforcement. In conclusion, the paper accentuates the role of the transparency requirements and information duties in online business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions as fundamental aspects affecting the future of EU consumer law
Comission agency: Certain open issues
Get PDFUgovor o komisionu zanimljiv je stoga što komisionar deluje u svoje ime, a za račun komitenta. Način regulisanja komisiona u Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima otvorio je neka pitanja od praktičnog značaja koja su u doktrini i praksi naišla na različite stavove. U radu se posvećuje pažnja nekim pitanjima koja smatramo naročito interesantnim, a koja, čini se, u poslednje vreme nisu podrobnije razmatrana u nas: sadržina i domašaj komisionarove obaveze da postupa po uputstvima komitenta, komitentova prava u pogledu stvari i potraživanja koja je komisionar stekao ili se kod njega nalaze, implikacije načina na koji Zakon štiti komitenta u slučaju komisionarovog stečaja i posledice komisionarovog kašnjenja u isplati naplaćene cene ili čak neovlašćene upotrebe komisionarevih sredstava.A particularity of commission agency is that the commission agent acts in its own name, but for the account of the principal. The provisions of the Law on Obligations leave certain practical issues conclusively unresolved, and such issues have been encountered both in doctrinal analysis and in case law. The article analyzes some of the issues that, while being relevant in practice, have not been subject to scrutiny recently, such as the content and reach of the obligation of the commission agent to act in accordance with the instructions of the principal, the principals rights over chattels, and claims acquired by the commission agent or held by it, implications of the provisions of the law regulating the rights of the principal in case of bankruptcy of the commission agent, and the consequences of commission agent's belated transfer of monies received or even unauthorized use of monies belonging to the principal
Ermolovič, Viktor Ivanovič: Osnovnye instituty graždanskogo prava srednevekovoj Serbii i stran kontinental'noj Evropy (X-XV vv.), Belorusskij gosudarstvennyj èkonomičeskij universitet, Minsk, 2021
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Laesio enormis in Serbian law and its relationship with other related legal institutes
Get PDFJoš 1954. godine, u radu posvećenom prekomernom oštećenju, Konstantinović je pokrenuo važna pitanja načina uređenja te ustanove. Imajući u vidu razmimoilaženja u stavovima u posleratnoj sudskoj praksi, Konstantinović je smatrao da je važno da iznese argumente u prilog shvatanju da bi ta ustanova trebalo da bude uređena po objektivnom principu, u skladu sa rešenjem koje je bilo predviđeno srpskim Građanskim zakonikom. Međutim, donošenjem Zakona o obligacionim odnosima izvršena je reforma ustanove prekomernog oštećenja čime je, između ostalog, pravo na poništenje uslovljeno zahtevom da se oštećeno lice u momentu zaključenja ugovora nalazilo u zabludi o pravoj vrednosti prestacije. Autor u ovom radu postavlja pitanje da li je drugačijim pozitivnopravnim rešenjem učinjen napredak ili se njemu mogu izneti i ozbiljne kritike. U pokušaju da dođe do odgovora, autor najpre analizira način uređenja prekomernog oštećenja u uporednom pravu, a potom argumentovano utvrđuje prednosti i nedostatke uređenja prekomernog oštećenja po objektivnom, odnosno subjektivnom principu.Mihailo Konstantinović raised important issues regarding how laesio enormis should be applied and regulated in the future, given the inconsistency in the post-war judicial practice. Konstantinović supported the view that laesio enormis should be governed by an objective principle. However, in the Law on Obligations, the right to annul the contract due to obvious disparity between contract obligations exists only if the aggrieved party was mistaken about the true value of the performance when concluding the contract. In this paper, the author raises the question whether such a shift in the regulation of laesio enormis represents an improvement or serious arguments can be raised against it. The author first analyzes how laesio enormis is regulated in comparative law, and then discusses the pros and cons of regulating this legal institute according to an objective and subjective principle
An outline of the rules on set-off in Serbian law
Get PDFU ovom radu se analiziraju i kritikuju pravila o prebijanju koja su prihvaćena u srpskim propisima i sudskoj praksi. Autor nastoji da pruži celovit prikaz te ustanove tako što će odgovoriti na osnovna pitanja koja se javljaju u vezi sa prebijanjem iz perspektive srpskog prava. U istraživanju su uzeti u obzir vodeći akademski predlozi koji se tiču ustanove prebijanja, te zakonski propisi, iskustvo i teorijska razmatranja iz pravnih sistema koji su bliski srpskom pravu i mogu da mu posluže kao uzor. Autor zaključuje da su pravila Zakona o obligacionim odnosima adekvatna i jasna, ali da se koncepcija prebijanja koja je postavljena u toj kodifikaciji napušta u evropskoj pravnoj teoriji i da zato treba razmišljati o njenoj temeljnoj reformi. Kao najslabiju tačku srpskih pravila o prebijanju autor ističe prebijanje u parničnom postupku koje se izdvojilo u posebnu vrstu prebijanja, čime je narušena ideja o jedinstvenoj materijalnopravnoj ustanovi prebijanja.This article contains a critical review of rules on set-off in Serbian legislation and court practice. The author provides a comprehensive overview of this institution by answering the main issues which arise in connection to set-off from the perspective of Serbian law. The research takes into account leading academic proposals for regulating set-off, as well as legislation, experience and academic discussions from legal systems which are closely related to Serbian law and may serve as a model. The author concludes that the Serbian Obligations Act provides adequate and clear rules, but that the accepted concept of set-off is being abandoned in European legal theory, which should be a reason to contemplate its fundamental reform. As the weakest point of Serbian rules on set-off, the author underlines set-off in judicial proceedings which has developed into a special type of set-off and undermined the idea of a unified substantive law of set-off