RALF
Not a member yet
2273 research outputs found
Sort by
Rethinking land registration in XXI century Serbia
Get PDFKrajem XX veka, Srbija je promenila sistem registracije nepokretnosti od zemljišnih knjiga, koje su bile neažurne i zapostavljene tokom socijalističkog perioda, u jedinstvenu evidenciju, katastar nepokretnosti. Zbog istorijskih okolnosti i ustrojstva sistema katastra nepokretnosti, zakonodavac je morao da primeni neortodoksna rešenja kako bi postigao željeni nivo pravne sigurnosti. Zbog objedinjavanja evidencija različite prirode (faktičke i pravne), jedinstvena evidencija morala je da transformiše načelo zakonitosti i uključi javne beležnike i sudove u njegovu primenu. Osavremenjavanje registra značilo je široku upotrebu informacionih tehnologija, što je učinilo uspostavljanje potpuno elektronski vođenog postupka upisa jednim od glavnih pravno-političkih ciljeva. Ovo je omogućilo i uvođenje načela upisa po službenoj dužnosti, kako bi evidencija uvek bila ažurna. Mehanizmi zaštite pravne sigurnosti koje omogućava registar ne funkcionišu kad je reč o objektima u izgradnji jer takvi objekti nisu upisani dok se izgradnja ne okonča. Otuda je uveden poslednji neortodoksni novitet: mogućnost upisa objekata u izgradnji i njihovih posebnih delova.In the late XX century, Serbia changed its system of land registration from the land books, that were outdated and neglected during the socialist era, to unified cadaster, the REC. Due to historical circumstances and construction of the REC system, lawmakers had to resort to unorthodox solutions to achieve the desired level of legal security. Because of unifying records of different nature (factual and legal), the REC needed to rethink the principle of legality and include the public notaries and courts in its implementation. Modernizing the registry meant that information technologies were used very broadly, making the shift to a fully electronic procedure of registration one of the main policy goals. This enabled introduction of the principle of registration by official duty, for the records to always be up to date. Mechanisms of protecting legal security provided by the registry do not function for objects under construction because they are not registered until the construction is completed. Therefore, the last unorthodox novelty was introduced: registration of buildings and apartments under construction
Parents disagreement to changing the childs permanent residence: Procedural dilemmas and possible solutions
Get PDFU slučaju kada roditelj koji ne vrši roditeljsko pravo nije saglasan sa promenom prebivališta deteta, odnosno preseljenjem u inostranstvo sa roditeljem koji samostalno vrši roditeljsko pravo, naši sudovi, po pravilu, zauzimaju stav da isključivo zbog toga što nije dao saglasnost roditelja koji ne vrši roditeljsko pravo treba delimično lišiti roditeljskog prava i time omogućiti da o promeni prebivališta drugi roditelj odlučuje samostalno. U teoriji porodičnog prava takva praksa je kritikovana kao neprihvatljiva, pa se nameće potreba da se istraže i druge procesne mogućnosti u tim situacijama. U ovom radu se analiziraju razlike predmeta spora u postupku za delimično lišenje roditeljskog prava i predmeta spora u slučaju kada nema saglasnosti o promeni prebivališta, ispunjenost uslova za vođenje postupka u sporu za zaštitu prava deteta koji je predviđen Porodičnim zakonom i vrsta zaštite koja bi bila primerena rešenju tih sporova.In the case when the parent who does not exercise parental rights does not agree with the change of permanent residence of the child, i.e., doesnt agree with the child moving abroad with a parent who independently exercises parental rights, courts in Serbia, as a rule, take the position that only because they did not give consent, the parent who does not exercise parental rights should be partially deprived of the parental rights and thus enable the other parent to independently decide on the change of permanent residence. In the theory of family law, this practice has been criticized as unacceptable, therefore there is a need to explore other procedural possibilities in such situations
The right of the parent to return to its country of origin in the light of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International child abduction and the European Convention on the protection of Human Rights
Get PDFU fokusu ovog rada je pravo na povratak u zemlju porekla roditelja koji se u stranoj zemlji primarno stara o detetu. Pravna prepreka ostvarenju prava roditelja koji se primarno stara o detetu da se preseli iz inostranstva u zemlju porekla i da sa sobom povede i dete postoji u Haškoj konvenciji o građanskopravnim aspektima međunarodne otmice dece čija mehanička primena sprečava roditelja da samostalno promeni boravište deteta čime se otvara pitanje poštovanja prava roditelja i deteta. Praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava i Ustavnog suda Republike Srbije sadrži smernice za tumačenje odredaba Haške konvencije o otmici deteta u sve češćim situacijama kada se kao otmičar javlja roditelj koji se primarno stara o detetu i koji se bez saglasnosti drugog roditelja preselio sa detetom u svoju zemlju porekla. Procenom najboljeg interesa deteta može se prevazići tenzija između prava roditelja da se vrati u zemlju porekla i Haške konvencije o otmici deteta.This article examines the right of return to the country of origin of a parent who has been granted the rights of custody over a child in the country in which that parent and the child temporarily reside. A legal obstacle to realization of the right of return of the parent to its country of origin exists in the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction which is often applied mechanically and works to prevent the parent from relocating with the child. Case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of Serbia provides guidelines for interpretation of the Hague Abduction Convention in quite frequent situations when a parent who is a primary caregiver acts as an abductor. The standard of the best interest of the child can overcome the tension between the right of parent to return and the Hague Abduction Convention
Divorce of marriage due to severe deterioration of marital relations: The creation of professor Mihailo Konstantinović
Get PDFAutorka analizira tešku poremećenost bračnih odnosa kao brakorazvodni uzrok koji je, zahvaljujući profesoru Mihailu Konstantinoviću, prvi put bio unet u jugoslovenski Osnovni zakon o braku 1946. godine. Tokom vremena, u pravnoj literaturi i sudskoj praksi pojavila su se različita tumačenja nekih spornih pitanja primene te odredbe; u prvom redu o tome da li i supružnik koji je kriv za poremećaj odnosa u braku ima pravo na tužbu za razvod braka, kao i na koji način se uopšte može utvrđivati isključiva krivica za poremećaj bračnih odnosa. S druge strane, nedovoljno precizna odredba o sporazumnom traženju razvoda braka otvorila je put raspravama o tome da li je Osnovni zakon o braku poznavao i sporazumni razvod braka, koji je sudska praksa razrešila tumačenjem da je sporazumno traženje razvoda braka bilo kvalifikovano kao da je reč o institutu sporazumnog razvoda.The article highlights the severe deterioration of marital relations as laid down for the first time in the Yugoslav Basic Law on Marriage in 1946 thanks to Professor Mihailo Konstantinović. Over time, different interpretations of some controversial issues related to the application of this provision have appeared in legal literature and judicial practice; in the first place, whether the spouse who is responsible for the disruption has the right to initiate divorce proceedings, as well as how the exclusive responsibility for severe deterioration can be determined. On the other hand, the insufficiently precise provision on the consensual request for divorce opened the way for discussions about whether the Basic Law recognized consensual petition, which was resolved by judicial practice by interpreting that the joint petition was recognized and given the significance of divorce on the basis of an agreement between the husband and the wife
Avoiding mandatory COVID-19 vaccination: Arrogance toward science and lack of respect for common sense
Get PDFThis paper is a continuation of the research that the author started several years ago and which was published in the article Compulsory Vaccination of Children: Rights of Patients or Interests of Public Health? The emphasis will be on professional and scientific discussions on whether it is permissible to prescribe mandatory vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether this is in line with the Constitution and legally allowed for all or only for certain population categories in Serbia. Earlier decisions of the constitutional courts of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia, as well as the recent judgment of the ECtHR in the Vavřička case will be reconsidered. All these decisions by the highest national courts, as well as the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, have unequivocally confirmed that mandatory vaccination is not contrary to some basic human rights regularly invoked by opponents of vaccination
The Klobuchar bill: Is something rotten in the US antitrust legislative reform?
Get PDFAn intense public debate is currently taking place in the US. The main subject of this debate is tech giants and the antitrust law reform. The fundamental dilemma is whether giant corporations, such as Apple, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook, fit the traditional antitrust law or not. Senator Klobuchar proposed the new bill (the Competition and Antitrust Law Enforcement Reform Act) in 2021, and Congress is currently between a rock and a hard place. If Congress decides to support the New Brandeis movement and enact the bill, it could harm the tech giants and make the US start lagging behind China. If it decides otherwise, it could cause considerable dissatisfaction among US voters. This paper analyses the bill in detail and explores the possible outcomes. The conclusions suggest that enactment of the bill could have overwhelmingly adverse economic consequences for the competitiveness of US markets, innovation, and consequently for consumer welfare
Legal guarantees of ownership
Get PDFOve godine se navršava 125 godina od rođenja i 40 godina od smrti Mihaila Konstantinovića, nekadašnjeg redovnog profesora Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu. Od mnogih tema iz oblasti građanskog prava kojima se prof. Konstantinović bavio, autorka izdvaja institut prava svojine, tačnije pitanje pravnih garancija prava svojine. Baveći se pojmom prava svojine, Konstantinović je otvorio pitanje ograničenja prava svojine te problematizovao ideju o njenoj nepovredivosti. U ovom radu, iako je u osnovi inspirisan Konstantinovićevim redovima o "pitanju svojine", kako je sam naslovio jedan od svojih članaka posvećenih toj temi, analizira se pojam pravnih garancija prava svojine. Autorka u radu nudi i kriterijume za razlikovanje pojmova ograničenja prava svojine od nekih drugih pojmova, samo naizgled srodnih ovom pojmu, smatrajući da je precizna terminologija osnov sistema koji čini skelet stvarnog prava. Na taj način bi se ključni deo stvarnog prava mogao sistematizovati kroz tri celine: pravo svojine, ograničenja i opterećenja prava svojine.Out of many civil law topics that Mihailo Konstantinović dealt with, the author analyzes the institute of ownership, i.e., the issue of legal guarantees of ownership. Namely, Konstantinović wrote about the notion of the ownership, pointing out that in different times ownership was defined differently and that property owners throughout history did not always have the same scope of authority. In this way, Konstantinović opened the issue of the limitation of ownership and problematized the idea of its inviolability. This paper, inspired by Konstantinović's lines on the "ownership issue", analyzes the concept of legal guarantees of ownership. The paper also offers criteria for distinguishing the term ownership limitation from related terms, considering that precise terminology is the basis of the system that forms the backbone of property law. Thus, the key part of property law could be systematized through three units: ownership, limitations, and deprivation of ownership
The importance of the right to a healthy environment during the pandemic
Get PDFThe protection and preservation of the environment and stable climatic conditions, as well as the right of public participation in environmental decision-making in public spaces, are emerging as topics of special significance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for integrated protection of natural goods of general interest, harmonization with the EU acquis, the need to simultaneously overcome the COVID-19 crisis and implement the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans raises numerous questions, some of them being: is environmental protection a priority during the pandemic and, if so, which aspects of environmental protection represent the primary concern; have the measures limiting public gatherings had an impact on public participation in decision-making; and, do the proposed legislative amendments and additions complete the environmental protection system, with clear criteria for an environmental impact assessment of the related activities and the decisions to support their pursuit
Tax treatment of flexible forms of work in Serbia in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of flexible forms of work, those forms of work that have essentially been enabled by the development of modern technologies. In the case of flexible forms of work, evasion of taxes and, perhaps more importantly, contributions to compulsory social security are quite pervasive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Serbian Tax Administration tried to collect taxes from persons who pursued flexible forms of work for employers or clients from abroad, which led to protests. Ultimately, the negotiations with the Serbian Government resulted in an agreement on transitional solutions, as well as future changes in the tax regulations. This paper aims to explain the essence of the problem that arises in Serbian tax law in connection with flexible forms of work, to analyze the proposed transitional solutions, as well as to offer some suggestions that could lead to longer-term solutions to this problem
Effectiveness of labour legislation and the role of labour inspection in light of international labour organization standard
Get PDFUređivanje radnih odnosa praćeno je preduzimanjem mera od značaja za obezbeđivanje delotvorne primene radnog zakonodavstva. Među tim merama poseban značaj ima nadzor koji vrši inspekcija rada. U prošlom veku, u većini država razvijen je solidan pravni i institucionalni okvir inspekcijskog nadzora u svetu rada, pri čemu su mnoge države kao inspiraciju ili model za njegovu izgradnju koristile standarde sadržane u konvencijama Međunarodne organizacije rada br. 81 i 129. Uprkos tome, inspektori rada suočavaju se s brojnim izazovima i preprekama, između ostalog i stoga što proliferacija radnopravnih propisa i pojava novih profesionalnih rizika i novih formi rada nisu praćene odgovarajućim mehanizmima za obezbeđivanje delotvorne zaštite radnih prava. Ovo vredi i za izbijanje ekonomskih i finansijskih kriza, koje su redovno skopčane s nastojanjima poslodavaca da snize troškove rada zaobilaženjem primene radnopravnih, socijalnopravnih i poreskopravnih propisa. Ne treba gubiti iz vida ni to da u savremenom svetu rada ozbiljnu prepreku za delotvoran inspekcijski nadzor predstavlja i činjenica da nemali broj radnika ostaje izvan personalnog područja primene radnog zakonodavstva. Takođe, nemali broj radnika radi "na crno", dok je tzv. eksternalizacija rada zamaglila pravni položaj radnika, dovodeći u pitanje tradicionalno razlikovanje radnog odnosa i nezavisnog rada za drugog, ali i tradicionalnu (unitarnu) koncepciju poslodavca, budući da njegova ovlašćenja sada vrše dva ili više subjekata. Ozbiljnost navedenih izazova postaje veća ako se ima u vidu problem nedovoljnog broja i neodgovarajuće obučenosti inspektora rada, što redovno ima za posledicu sprovođenje nadzora samo nad neprihvatljivo skromnim delom (registrovanih i neregistrovanih) subjekata podložnih inspekcijskom nadzoru. Mala verovatnoća da će kod njih stvarno biti realizovana inspekcijska poseta dodatno ohrabruje poslodavce da nastave sa zaobilaženjem primene merodavnih propisa. Na to se nadovezuju i blage kazne koje inspektori rada imaju na raspolaganju, kao i činjenica da njihov rad neretko biva obesmišljen neažurnošću prekršajnih sudova. Konačno, poseban problem predstavlja i izostanak specijalizacije inspektora rada za pojedina radnopravna pitanja, odnosno za zaštitu određenih posebno osetljivih kategorija radnika. Autorka nastoji da ciljeve, funkcije i ovlašćenja inspekcije rada razmotri u svetlu standarda Međunarodne organizacije rada, kao i da ih preispita u svetlu aktuelnih tendencija u razvoju radnog prava, počevši od ekonomskog i političkog zaokreta ka neoliberalizmu, preko ekonomskih i finansijskih kriza, do intenzivnih međunarodnih migracija stanovništva.Regulation of labour relations is accompanied by adoption of measures pivotal to ensuring effective implementation of labour legislation. One of the most important measures is labour inspection. During the last century, a solid legal and institutional framework for labour inspection had been developed in most of the world, with many countries using the standards contained in the International Labour Organization conventions no. 81 and 129 as inspiration or model. Nevertheless, labour inspectors face many challenges and obstacles, because the proliferation of labour regulations and the emergence of new occupational risks and new forms of work are not accompanied by appropriate mechanisms to ensure effective protection of labour rights. This also applies to the emergence of economic and financial crises, which are regularly linked to employers' efforts to reduce the cost of work by bypassing the labour, social and tax regulations. We should not lose sight of the fact that a large number of workers are outside of the personal scope of application of labour legislation, which, in the contemporary world of work, is a serious obstacle to successful labour inspection. In addition, a large number of workers performs undeclared work, and the so-called externalization of work has blurred the legal position of workers, calling into question the traditional distinction between employment and independent work for others, but also the traditional (unitary) concept of an employer, as its prerogatives are now exercised by two or more entities. The seriousness of these challenges becomes even greater if we take into account the insufficient number of labour inspectors and their inadequate training, which often results in the unacceptably modest number of (registered and unregistered) entities being inspected. The low probability of inspection actually taking place will further encourage employers to continue to circumvent the applicable regulations. This is bolstered by the lenient penalties that the labour inspectors have at their disposal, as well as the fact that their work is often rendered meaningless by the negligence of the misdemeanor courts. Another problem is the lack of specialization of labour inspectors for certain labour issues, such as the protection of particularly sensitive categories of workers. The authoress seeks to examine the goals, functions and prerogatives of labour inspectors in view of the International Labour Organization standards, as well as to review them taking into consideration the current trends in labour law, like economic and political turn towards neoliberalism, economic and financial crises as well as the intense international migrations