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Микроразмножаване на черешовaта подложка Гизела 5
No full textThe paper presents a protocol for micropropagation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens). The influence of repeated subculturing on proliferation capacity of shoots as well as the effect of type and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on multiplication and rooting parameters were studied. With standard method of surface sterilization of initial explants, aseptic culture was established on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with 2.0 mg/l BA, 0.5 mg/l IBA and 0.1 mg/l GA3. After leaf rossettes initiation, shoots were multiplied in five successieve subcultures on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA in combination with IBA i GA3 each applied at 0.1 mg/l. Decline in shoot formation capacity over repeated subcultures was observed, so as the highest value of multiplication index (3.2) was noticed in first subculture after initiation. However the subculturing improved the shoot elongation, and the highest value of shoots length, especially in axial shoots (1.32 cm), was observed in fifth subculture. Change in BA concentration in combination with NAA instead of IBA in fifth subculture did not influence multiplication index, as well as most other multiplication parameters. Gisela 5 displayed similar rooting ability on media containing 1.0 mg/l IBA or NAA (65% and 70%, respectively). 1-min dip treatment in NAA dissolved in sterile water (500 mg/l) followed by growing on hormone free (HF) medium significantly decreased rooting rate (50%), while shoots grown just on HF medium did not root at all. The percentage of acclimatization was significantly higher in in vitro rooted (61.8%) than in unrooted shoots (33.3%).Представен е протокол за микроразмножаване на черешова подложка Гизела 5 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens). Изследвано е влиянието на многократно субкултивиране, върху пролиферационния капацитет на леторастите, както и влиянието на вида и концентрацията на растежни регулатори на растенията (PGRs) върху параметрите на мултипликация и вкореняване. Със стандартен метод за повърхностна стерилизация на първоначалните експланти се установи асептична култура върху Murashige и Skoog (1962) среда (MS) с 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l IBA и 0.1 mg/l GA3. След инициирането на листни розетки, леторастите се мултиплицират в пет последователнисубкултури върху MS среда, съдържаща 1.0 mg/l BA в комбинация с IBA и GA3, всеки прилаган при 0.1 mg/l. Наблюдава се намаление на капацитета на образуване на леторасти при многократни субкултури, като найвисоката стойност на индекса на мултипликация (3.2) се забелязва в първата субкултура след иницииране то. Въпреки това субкултивирането подобрява удължаването на леторастите, а най-високата стойност на дължината на леторастите, особено при леторасти от аксиларен произход (1.32 cm), се наблюдава в пета субкултура. Промяната в концентрацията на БА в комбинация с NAA вместо IBA в пета субкултура не повлиява индекса на мултипликация, както и повечето други параметри за мултипликация. Гизела 5 показва подобна способност за вкореняване в среда, съдържаща 1.0 mg/l IBA или NAA (съответно 65% и 70%). 1-min потапяне в NAA разтворена в стерилна вода (500 mg/l), последвано от отглеждане върху среда без хормони (HF) значително понижава процента на вкореняване (50%), докато леторасти отглеждани само в HF среда изобщо не се вкореняват
Болестта шарка (plum pox virus) в Сърбия – предишни изследвания и бъдещи перспективи за контрол
No full textPlum pox virus (PPV, genus Potyvirus) is the causal agent of Sharka disease that is considered the most detrimental viral disease of stone fruits. Since its discovery in 1932 in Bulgaria, the disease has spread progressively to entire Europe and other continents, except Australia. PPV causes significant yield losses and reduces fruit quality in sensitive plum, peach and apricot cultivars. Sharka was reported in Serbia in 1935, and so far the presence of three major strains (PPV-M, -D and -Rec) was confirmed. Fifteen years ago, a largescale study on the presence, distribution, genetic diversity and epidemiology of Plum pox virus strains has begun at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. In this review, we summarized the results of our field and laboratory research and presented the future prospects for disease control in the country where Sharka is endemic to maintain feasible commercial fruit production.Plum pox virus (PPV, род Potyvirus) е причинител на болестта шарка, която се счита за най-пагубното вирусно заболяване при костилковите видове. От своето откритие през 1932 г. в България болестта се разпространява прогресивно в цяла Европа и други континенти, с изключение на Австралия. PPV причинява значителни загуби в добива и понижава качеството на плодовете при чувствителни сортове сливи, праскови и кайсии. Шарката е установена в Сърбия през 1935 г. И досега е потвърдено наличието на три основни щама (PPV-M, -D и -Rec). Преди петнадесет години в Изследователски институт по овощарство, Чачак, започна широко мащабно проучване за наличието, разпространението, генетичното разнообразие и епидемиологията на щамовете на Plum pox virus. В настоящoто изследване са обобщени резултатите от наши полски и лабораторни изследвания, предста вени са бъдещи перспективи за контрол върху болестта в Сърбия, където шарка та е ендемична, за приемливо поддържане търговско производство на плодове
Bioactivity of Juniperus communis essential oil and post-distillation waste: assessment of selective toxicity against food contaminants
No full textPreviously chemically characterized Juniperus communis essential oil (EO) and post-distillation waste (PDW) were tested for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity against food contaminants. Microdilution assay showed that PDW induced moderate antifungal (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values, ranging between 0.118-0.900 mg mL-1), and an antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes (MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.39 and 0.74 mg mL-1, respectively). Combinations of EO/PDW with selected antibiotics induced synergistic antilisterial activity in the checkerboard assay. The MTT assay determined that cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells was high for the EO but negligible for PDW (IC50 values were 0.087-0.106 and 1.450-6.840 mg mL-1, respectively). The selectivity indices indicated high selectivity of PDW against tested fungi and L. monocytogenes. In the adhesion-inhibition assay, PDW reduced in vitro adhesion of L. monocytogenes to colon cells (29-62% of inhibition). In conclusion, PDW exhibited an antimicrobial effect against important food spoilage and poisoning fungi and L. monocytogenes, and also reduced in vitro adhesion of L. monocytogenes to colon cells. The results indicate that J. communis PDW could be considered as natural preservative against food spoilage and poisonous fungi, and as an adjuvant to conventional therapy of listeriosis
Fоrmulisаnjе i prоizvоdnjа dvоsоrtnih kupаžа zа dоbiјаnjе srpskih šlјivоvih prеpеčеnicа vrhunskоg kvаlitеtа
No full textCrvеnа rаnkа, kао sоrtа šlјivе širоkо zаstuplјеnа u Srbiјi i tоlеrаntnа nа šаrku, mоžе sе kоristiti kао оsnоvа zа prоizvоdnju vrhunskih prеpеčеnicа fоrmirаnjеm spеcifičnih dvоsоrtnih mešavina sа kоmpаtibilnim sоrtаmа u оdgоvаrајućim оdnоsimа. Suštinа tеhničkоg rеšеnjа је stvаrаnjе prеpоznаtlјivih mеšаvinа (kupаžа, blendova) sоrtе Crvеnа rаnkа i drugih sоrаtа, u оdnоsimа 75/25%, 50/50% i 25/75%, kао оsnоvе zа prоizvоdnju vrhunskе šlјivоvе prеpеčеnicе. U cilјu bоlје hаrmоnizаciје аrоmаtičnih mаtеriја iz mоnоsоrtnih rаkiја, rаzviјеn је nоvi tеhnоlоški pоstupаk prоizvоdnjе u kојеm је tеhnоlоškа оpеrаciја rеdеstilаciје sirоvih mеkih rаkiја sprоvоdi tаkо štо sе sirоvе mеkе rаkiје mеšајu u оdgоvаrајućim оdnоsimа, а zаtim zајеdnо rеdеstilišu. Prema rezultatima senzorne analize, najveći broj kupaža sа ocenom višоm od 18,01 (zlatna medalјa) formiran je mešanjem rakija sorata Crvena ranka i Dragačica, i rakija sorata Crvena ranka i Čačanska rodna. Najmanju kompatibilnost pri mešanju pokazale su rakije sorata Crvena ranka i Čačanska lepotica. Kupаžirаnjеm sа rаkiјоm оd Crvеnе rаnkе, pоprаvlја sе u svim slučајеvimа sеnzоrni kvаlitеt rаkiја sоrаtа Drаgаčicа i Stеnlеј. Nајkvаlitеtniјi dvоsоrtni kupаži rаkiја sоrtе Crvеnа rаnkа i dаnаs čеstо gајеnе sоrtе Čаčаnskа rоdnа, dоbiјајu sе kupаžirаnjеm pri kојеm јеdnа, bеz оbzirа kоја, оd tе dvе mоnоsоrtnе rаkiје znаčајnо dоminirа (sа 75%). Najbolјe su ocenjene tradicionalne mešavine dоbiјеnе pо nоvоm tеhnоlоškоm pоstupku: kupаž Crvene ranke i Dragačice (CR/DR - 75/25%) dоbiјеn mešanjem pа rеdеstilаciјоm sirоvih mеkih rаkiја – оcеnа 18,15, i kupаž Crvene ranke i Požegače (CR/PО - 75/25%) tаkоđе dоbiјеn mešanjem pа rеdеstilаciјоm sirоvih mеkih rаkiја – оcеnа 18,20. Оvо ukаzuје dа zа prоizvоdnju vrhunskе rаkiје, trеbа tеžiti širеnju i оčuvаnju nаših trаdiciоnаlnih sоrаtа šlјivе. Rаdi pоstizаnjа nајbоlјih sеnzоrnih kаrаktеristikа dvоsоrtnih šlјivоvih prеpеčеnicа, bоlје је оbаviti prоizvоdnju kupаžа pо nоvоm tеhnоlоškоm pоstupku (mеšаnjеm sirоvih mеkih rаkiја u pоtrеbnоm оdnоsu i rеdеstilаciјоm tаkvе mеšаvinе), nеgо nа trаdiciоnаlаn nаčin (mеšаnjеm sоrtnih prеpеkа).Novo tehničko rešenje (metoda) primenjeno na nacionalnom nivou (M82
Cryopreservation of apple
No full textIn this work we employed two vitrification-based techniques (vitrification and droplet vitrification) to cryopreserve in vitro grown shoot tips of apple ‘Gala Must’ (Malus × domestica Borkh.). After preculture, shoot tips were osmoprotected at room temperature in a solution containing 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min, and then dehydrated in the following plant vitrification solutions: PVS2 (13.7% sucrose, 30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol, 15% DMSO), PVS A3 (22.5% sucrose, 37.5% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% DMSO) for 30, 40 and 50 min at 0 °C and PVS3 (50% glycerol and 50% sucrose) for 40, 50 and 60 min at room temperature. Explants dehydrated with PVS2 and PVS A3 were cryopreserved by vitrification while those dehydrated with PVS A3 and PVS3 were cryopreserved using droplet vitrification. In vitrification protocol, regrowth of the cryopreserved shoot tips dehydrated with PVS2 ranged between 20–40%. Dehydration with PVS A3 resulted in considerably higher regrowth rates (15–75%) using the same protocol. The highest values of regrowth were achieved with the longest treatment duration (50 min) for both vitrification solutions. As for droplet vitrification, regrowth of cryopreserved explants dehydrated with PVS A3 varied between 45–70%, and between 45–50% for those dehydrated with PVS3. The highest regrowth values, 70% and 50%, were achieved after 40-min PVS A3 treatment and 50-min PVS3 treatment, respectively. These results prove the feasibility of the PVS A3-based vitrification for the long-term storage of this genotype
Primena polietilenske folije pri stratifikovanju kalemova oraha
No full textPrimena polietilenske folije kao pokrivke pri stratifikovanju kalemova oraha sprečava odavanje toplote i isušivanje strugotine, doprinosi postizanju više temperature strugotine i obezbeđuje ravnomerniju temperaturu sa vrlo malo variranja. Ravnomernija temperatura strugotine direktno utiče na ostvarivanje bolјeg kontakta između podloge i plemke, omogućava bolјe prijanjanje podloge i plemke, brže formiranje kalusnog mosta na spojnom mestu i brže srašćivanje kalem komponenti. Iz navedenih razloga, pokrivanje kalemova polietilenskom folijom utiče na ranije buđenje pupolјaka i pojavu kalusa, čime se skraćuje period stratifikovanja kalemova oraha, i time značajno smanjuju troškovi zagrevanja stratifikale. U pogledu kvaliteta kalusiranja i prijema kalemova oraha na kraju procesa stratifikovanja, upotreba polietilenske folije doprinosi dobijanju većeg procenta kalemova sa odlično prstenovanim kalusom na celom spojnom mestu u proseku za 10,2% i većem prijemu kalemova na kraju procesa stratifikovanja u proseku za 11,5% u odnosu na kalemove koji nisu prekrivani folijom, što je veoma bitno sa stanovišta efikasnijeg i bržeg povraćaja uloženih sredstava. U cilјu dobijanja većeg prijema kalemova na kraju procesa stratifikovanja, skraćivanja perioda stratifikovanja kalemova, smanjenja troškova zagrevanja stratifikale i dobijanja visokokvalitetnih sadnica oraha sa dobro sraslim spojnim mestom neophodno je u rasadničkoj proizvodnji pri sobnom kalemlјenju oraha masovnije koristiti prekrivanje kalemova polietilenskom folijom. Polietilenska folija bi trebalo da postane sastavni deo tehnologije proizvodnje pri stratifikovanju kalemova oraha
Pomological and productive traits of some new plum cultivars
No full textU sortimentu šljive u Srbiji dominiraju stare, authtone sorte, dobro poznata sorta ʻStanleyʼ i sorte stvorene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, pre svih ʻČačanska lepoticaʼ, ʻČačanska rodnaʼ, ʻČačanska ranaʼ i ʻČačanska najboljaʼ. Da bi se zadovoljili različiti zahtevi tržišta i postigli što bolji rezultati u savremenoj proizvodnji šljive, neophodno je, između ostalog, introdukovati nove sorte. Pre uvođenja u proizvodnju, ove sorte zahtevaju značajno ispitivanje u ekološkim uslovima regiona u koji se introdukuju. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju najznačajnije pomološke i proizvodne osobine šest introdukovanih sorti šljive: ʻHanitaʼ, ʻJojoʼ, ʻJubileumʼ, ʻPresentaʼ, ʻTegeraʼ i ʻValorʼ. Ispitivane su najznačajnije fenološke (fenofaza cvetanja i sazrevanja plodova) i morfometrijske osobine (masa i dimenzije ploda, masa koštice i randman mezokarpa ploda), kao i bujnost (površina poprečnog preseka debla) i rodnost (prinos po stablu i koeficijent rodnosti). Fenofaza cvetanja je kod svih ispitivanih sorti trajala tokom druge dekade aprila u obe ispitivane godine, pri čemu je obilnost cvetanja ocenjena kao veoma dobra. Najveća masa, visina, širina i debljina ploda su utvrđeni kod sorte ʻValorʼ, dok su najveća masa koštice i bujnost stabla utvrđeni kod sorte ʻJubileumʼ. Najveći randman ploda imale su sorte ʻJojoʼ, ʻTegeraʼ i ʻValorʼ. Sorte ʻPresentaʼ i ʻJojoʼ su imale najveći prinos po stablu, dok je sorta ʻJojoʼ imala i najveći koeficijent rodnosti.Plum assortment in Serbia is dominated by old autochthonous cultivars, well-known cultivar ʻStanleyʼ and cultivars named and released in Fruit Research Institute, Čačak such as: ʻČačanska lepoticaʼ, ʻČačanska rodnaʼ, ʻČačanska ranaʼ and ʻČačanska najboljaʼ. In order to fulfill different demands of fresh fruit market and achieve better results in modern plum production, it is necessary, among other things, to introduce new cultivars. Before introduction of new cultivars in orchards, significant evaluation of these cultivars in environmental conditions of region they are being introduced is required. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the most importand pomological and productive traits of six introduced plum cultivars: ʻHanitaʼ, ʻJojoʼ, ʻJubileumʼ, ʻPresentaʼ, ʻTegeraʼ and ʻValorʼ. The most important phenological (flowering and ripening time), and morphometric traits (fruit and stone weight, fruit dimensions and flash percentage), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross section area) and cropping potential (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were evaluated. Flowering phenofase in all examined cultivars lasted during the second decade of april, whereby flowering abundance was estimated as very good. The largest fruit weight, and fruit dimensions (height, width and thickness) were determined in ʻValorʼ, whereas the largest stone weight and tree vigour were determined in ʻJubileumʼ. The largest flesh percentage was found in cultivars ʻJojoʼ, ʻTegeraʼ and ʻValorʼ. Cultivars ʻPresentaʼ and ʻJojoʼ had largest yield per tree, while ʻJojoʼ had the highest yield efficiency
Fruit breeding at Fruit Research Insitute, Čačak – achievements in last ten years
No full textU Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak se od njegovog osnivanja intenzivno radi na stvaranju novih genotipova kontinentalnih vrsta voćaka u skladu sa zahtevima proizvodnje, tržišta i prerađivačke industrije. Programi oplemenjivanja su bazirani na primeni konvencionalnih metoda ‒ planske hibridizacije i individualne pozitivne selekcije iz prirodnih populacija, kao i molekularnih markera za agronomski važne osobine. Oplemenjivački rad na stvaranju novih sorti jabučastih, koštičavih, jezgrastih i jagodastih vrsta voćaka sprovodi se putem odabira roditeljskih parova u skladu sa postavljenim oplemenjivačkim ciljevima, izdvajanja najboljih genotipova iz populacija planskih hibrida i prirodnih populacija na osnovu bioloških i proizvodnih osobina, i evaluacije njihove konkurentnosti u proizvodnji i na tržištu. Kao rezultat multidisciplinarnog naučnoistraživačkog rada stvorene su 43 sorte jabučastih, koštičavih i jagodastih vrsta voćaka. U periodu od 2008. godine, priznato je deset sorti ‒ dve kruške (‘Julijana’ i ‘Anđelija’), pet šljive (‘Nada’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Divna’, ‘Petra’ i ‘Pozna Plava’) i tri višnje (‘Sofija’, ‘Nevena’ i ‘Iskra’), a u postupku priznavanja je pet kandidat sorti ‒ jedna kruške (hibrid IV/45), jedna šljive (hibrid XIV/21), dve breskve (genotipovi Šutaković i V/2015) i jedna trešnje (hibrid V/30). U okviru ovog rada biće predstavljene sorte priznate tokom poslednjih deset godina, kao i perspektive primene novijih znanja i metoda u oplemenjivanju kontinentalnih vrsta voćaka.Since its foundation, the Fruit Research Institute has pursued intensive breeding programmes of temperate zone fruit species in accordance with the needs of fruit growing, processing industry and the market. The breeding programmes are based on the application of conventional methods – the planned hybridization and the method of individual positive selection from natural populations, as well as on the use of molecular markers for agronomic important traits. A breeding work toward the development of new pome, stone, nuts and small fruit cultivars is carried out through selection of parental pairs according to defined breeding objectives, selection of the best genotypes from hybrid populations or natural populations based on biological and productive traits as well as on the evaluation of the selected genotype competitiveness in fruit growing and in the market. The multidisciplinary breeding work has resulted in 43 released cultivars of pome, stone and small fruits. Ten cultivars have been released since 2008, i.e. two pear cultivars (‘Julijana’ and ‘Anđelija’), five plum cultivars (‘Nada’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Divna’, ‘Petra’ and ‘Pozna Plava’), and three sour cherry cultivars (‘Sofija’, ‘Nevena’ and ‘Iskra’), whereas five cultivar candidates are in the release procedure, i.e. one pear (hibrid IV/45), one plum (hybrid XIV/21), two peaches (genotypes Šutaković V/2015) and one sweet cherry (V/30). Within this paper, cultivars released in the last ten years and a brief overview of the objectives of modern breeding programmes and perspectives of applying of the newer knowledge and methods will be presented.dr Slađana Marić, član Programskog odbor
Biološke osobine novijih genotipova višnje (Prunus cerasus L.) stvorenih u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak
No full textThe work on the improvement of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak has been under way since 1960. The major breeding goals are to develop a self-fertile genotypes with consistent yields, superior fruit quality, suitability for industrial processing and fresh consumption, as well as with different ripening time. A special attention has been paid to obtaining genotypes tolerant/resistant to cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.) and brown rot (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz.). The main method is planned hybridization within Prunus cerasus. In addition, clonal selection from natural sour cherry populations of Balkan has been applied. The paper presents results of the two-year (2013‒2014) study of flowering and ripening time, morphometric properties and chemical composition of fruits, and field resistance to causal agents of economically important diseases and pests of newly-released sour cherry cultivars [‘Iskra’ (‘Köröser Weichsel’ × ‘Heimanns Rubin’), ‘Nevena’ (‘Köröser Weichsel’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’) and ‘Sofija’ (‘Čačanski Rubin’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’)], and promising genotypes obtained by planned hybridization [II/40 (‘Köröser Weichsel’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’ and V/106 (Köröser Weichsel’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’)] or clonal selection from natural population (‘G-6’ and ‘G-10’), in comparison to the standard cultivar (‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’). ‘Sofija’ and ‘G-10’ should be favoured owing to their early ripening time (beginning of second decade of June), exceptional potential for fruit size (7.20 g and 6.83 g, respectively), well-balanced parameters of chemical composition of fruits, and field-resistance to causal agents of cherry diseases and pests. Due to the numerous positive biological and agronomical traits, sour cherry genotypes developed at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, deserve to be given a place in commercial orchards, as well as parents within sour cherry breeding programmes worldwide.Rad na stvaranju novih genotipova višnje u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, započeo je 1960. godine. Glavni ciljevi oplemenjivačkog rada su stvaranje samooplodnih sorti višnje visokog potencijala rodnosti, odgovarajućeg kvaliteta ploda (krupnoća, nizak udeo koštice u ukupnoj masi ploda uz njeno lako odvajanje, visok sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, povoljan odnos šećera i kiselina), pogodnih za različite vidove industrijske i prerade u domaćinstvu, kao i za jelo u svežem stanju. Od novih genotipova se očekuje proširenje sezone berbe u odnosu na prosečno vreme sazrevanja u uslovima Čačka (treća dekada juna), prvenstveno u pravcu ranijeg sazrevanja. Posebna pažnja je posvećena stvaranju i selekciji genotipova tolerantnih/otpornih na pegavost lista (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.) i sušenje cvetova i grančica trešnje i višnje (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz.). Osnovni oplemenjivački metod je planska hibridizacija u okviru obične višnje (Prunus cerasus L.). Takođe, kao veoma značajan se primenjuje i metod selekcije iz prirodne populacije genotipova višnje područja Balkana. Kao rezultat ovakvog rada, do sada je priznato pet sorti višnje ‒ u ranijem periodu Čačanski Rubin i Šumadinka, a u novije vreme sorte Sofija, Nevena i Iskra, i izdvojeno više elitnih hibrida iz prirodnih i populacija planskih hibrida. Imajući u vidu da u pedigreu komercijalno značajnih sorti dominira mali broj genotipova, oplemenjivački program na stvaranju novih sorti višnje u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, koncipiran je tako da u potomstvu kombinuje pozitivne osobine domaćih i introdukovanih sorti dobro prilagođenih našim agroekološkim uslovima, i autohtonih genotipova za koje su proizvođači tradicionalno vezani, a koji se odlikuju pozitivnim proizvodnim osobinama (rano vreme sazrevanja, krupnoća ploda, otpornost). U radu su predstavljeni rezultati dvogodišnjeg (2013‒2014. godina) ispitivanja vremena cvetanja i sazrevanja, morfometrijskih karakteristika i hemijskog sastava ploda novije priznatih sorti višnje Instituta za voćarstvo, Čačak [Iskra (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Rubin], Nevena (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel) i Sofija (Čačanski Rubin × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel), kao i perspektivnih genotipova dobijenih planskom hibridizacijom [II/40 (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel i V/106 (Köröser Weichsel × Heimanns Konserven Weichsel)] i selekcijom iz prirodne populacije (G-6 i G-10), poređenih sa osobinama standardne sorte (Heimanns Konserven Weichsel). Sorta Sofija i genotip G-10 se mogu izdvojiti na osnovu ranog vremena sazrevanja (početak druge dekade juna), potencijala za krupnoću ploda (7,20 g; 6.83 g, resp.), harmoničnog odnosa parametara hemijskog sastava ploda, kao i poljske otpornosti na prouzrokovače ekonomski značajnih bolesti i štetočine. Zahvaljujući brojnim pozitivnim biološkim i proizvodnim osobinama, ispitivani genotipovi zaslužuju da se nađu u komercijalnim zasadima višnje, kao i u oplemenjivačkim programima kao roditeljske sorte.Radičević, Sanja - glavni i odgovorni urednik časopisa Voćarstvo; Vujović, Tatjana - tehnički urednik časopisa Voćarstv
Properties of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes selected in the Čačak Region (Central Serbia)
No full textThe Čačak region (central Serbia) is famous for apricot growing, accounting for about 10% of total apricot production in Serbia, with 3–4,000 t of fruit produced in high-yield years. Research was conducted from 2008 to 2012 to evaluate a large number of apricot genotypes in the region. Five genotypes exhibiting the best performance were singled out and marked with the letters GG and the numbers 1–5. This paper presents two-year results on the properties of these genotypes and their comparison with cv. ʻRoxana’ used as the control. Phenological characteristics (flowering and ripening), leaf traits and fruit attributes were assessed. The results showed that, compared to the control, all apricot genotypes began to flower 2 to 3 days earlier and were similar in both the progress and abundance of flowering. The onset and termination of ripening in all genotypes were 5 to 6 days earlier than in the control cultivar. As far as leaf properties are concerned, the genotypes GG1 and GG2 had larger leaf dimensions compared to the control. The petioles in all genotypes were shorter and had fewer glands than those of ʻRoxana’. Regarding fruit dimensions and fruit weight, the fruit size of GG5, followed by GG4, was similar to that of ʻRoxana’, whereas the other genotypes had smaller fruit dimensions and lower weight. Soluble solids content was highest in GG1. There was no significant difference in this trait between ʻRoxana’ and the tested genotypes. Overall, the largest number of positive properties was found in GG5 and GG4, which could be used as experimental material in further research, as well as for orchard establishment