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Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Fruit Depending on Altitude
No full textThis study evaluated the effect of altitude on the content of polyphenols (total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins and gallotannins), antioxidant activity (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and ABTS and DPPH assays), antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity in black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit extracts. The research was conducted in western Serbia at three locations of different altitude: location 1-Katrga (187 m), location 2-Trbusani (271 m) and location 3-Miokovci (493 m). The results indicated that altitude had a significant impact on the accumulation and synthesis of the tested parameters. At higher altitudes, the accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins increased. The highest values were determined at the location situated at an altitude of 493 m. By contrast, the accumulation of condensed tannins and gallotannins was most intensive at the lowest-altitude location (187 m). Microbial properties of extracts were examined using eight selected indicator strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations varied from 19.53 to 156.25 mu g/mL, depending on altitude. The fruit of black mulberries grown at 187 m had the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activity compared to altitudes of 271 m and 493 m altitudes. The concentrations of extracts which inhibited 50% of cell growth for Hep2c, RD and L2OB at the lowest altitude were 18.55, 15.32, and 37.17 mu g/mL, respectively. The present results showed that altitude had a significant effect on the synthesis and accumulation of polyphenols, and a strong effect on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of black mulberry fruit
Apple viruses and viroids
No full textPo proizvedenim količinama plodova voćaka jabuka se nalazi na trećem mestu u svetu, posle banana i pomorandži. U Srbiji je u poslednjoj deceniji proizvodnja jabuke gotovo udvostručena. U odnosu na druge vrste voćaka jabuku napada manji broj virusa i viroida. Većina virusa ne izaziva vidljive simptome na biljnim organima, pa stabla deluju potpuno zdrava, ali kod osetljivih sorti dolazi do smanjenja prinosa. Po rasprostranjenosti i ekonomskom značaju izdvajaju se četiri virusa jabuke: virus jamičavosti stabla jabuke (apple stem pitting virus, ASPV), virus brazdavosti stabla jabuke (apple stem grooving virus, ASGV), virus hlorotične lisne pegavosti jabuke (apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, ACLSV) i virus mozaika jabuke (apple mosaic virus, ApMV). Od viroida, po štetnosti se izdvaja viroid plutavosti pokožice ploda jabuke (apple scar skin viroid, ASSVd).Apples are the third most produced fruit in the world, behind bananas and oranges, in terms of volume. Over the past ten years, Serbia's apple production has nearly doubled. Apples are less subjected to viral and viroid attacks than other fruit species. Most viruses cause no visible symptoms on the plant's organs, and the trees either seem to be in good condition or, in the case of sensitive cultivars, their yield is reduced. Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) are four apple economically important and widely distributed viruses. Among the viroids, the apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) is particularly destructive for apple production
Acclimatization of micropropagated red raspberry to ex vitro conditions
No full textMikropropagacija je savremena biotehnološka metoda za proizvodnjugenetički identičnih, fiziološki ujednačenih i zdravih biljaka bez patogena u najkraćem mogućem roku. Imajući u vidu probleme u proizvodnji maline u Srbiji, Institut za voćarstvo u Čačku je pokrenuo kontrolisanu proizvodnju sadnog materijala sorti maline ‘Meeker‘ i ‘Willamette‘ mikropropagacijom korišćenjem nuklearnog materijala proizvedenog po Sertifikacionoj šemi za Rubus. Za razvoj metode za efikasno in vitro razmnožavanje ovih genotipova posebna pažnja je posvećena optimizaciji faze aklimatizacije tokom 2017. i 2018. godine. Ožiljene i neožiljene biljke su posađene u supstrat koji se sastojao od treseta i zeolita u odnosu 2:1, gde se pratilauspešnost aklimatizacije pod „mist” sistemom u staklari. U 2017. godini najoptimalniji mesec za aklimatizaciju ožiljenih i neožiljenih biljaka za obe sorte maline bio je jun , kada je uspešnost aklimatizacije ožiljenih biljaka bila 100% za obe sorte. U istom periodu, neožiljene biljke su aklimatizovane sa uspešnošću od 94,74% (‘Meeker‘) odnosno 97,56% (‘Willamette‘). U 2018. godini avgust je bio najoptimalniji mesec za aklimatizaciju ožiljenih biljaka kod sorte maline ‘Willamette‘ (99,55%), dok je kod sorte ‘Meeker‘ jul (100%). Kod obe sorte maline jul je bio najoptimalniji mesec za aklimatizaciju neožiljenih biljaka (96,54% kod ‘Willamette‘ i 98,33% kod ‘Meeker‘). Uzimajući u obzir ukupan broj ožiljenih i neožiljenih biljaka tokom dve eksperimentalne godine, uspešnost aklimatizacije ožiljenih biljaka kod sorte ‘Meeker‘ je 96,00% i 93,10% neožiljenih biljaka. Kod sorte maline ‘Willamette‘ uspešno je aklimatizovano 97,69% ožiljenih i 85,79% neožiljenih biljaka.Micropropagation is a modern biotechnological method for the production of genetically identical, physiologically uniform and healthy plants without pathogens in the shortest possible time. Considering the problems in raspberry production in Serbia, Fruit Research Institute, Čačak initiated controlled production of ‘Meeker‘ and ‘Willamette‘ planting material by micropropagation using nuclear stock produced according to the Certification scheme for Rubus. To develop а method for efficient in vitro propagation of these genotypes special attention has been devoted to optimization of acclimatization stages during 2017 and 2018. Rooted and unrooted plants are placed in a substrate consisting of peat and zeolite in a ratio of 2:1 where the success of acclimatization under the "mist" system in the glassworks was monitored. In 2017, the most optimal month for acclimatization of rooted and unrooted shoots for both raspberries cultivars were June, when the success of acclimatization of rooted shoots was 100% for both cultivars. In the same period, unrooted shoots were acclimatized with a success rate of 94.74% (‘Meeker‘) and 97.56% (‘Willamette‘), respectively. In 2018, August was the most optimal month for acclimatization of rooted shoots in the raspberry cultivar ‘Willamette‘ (99.55%), while in the ‘Meeker‘ cultivar it was July (100%). For both raspberry cultivars, July was the most optimal month for acclimatization of unrooted shoots (96.54% for ‘Willamette‘ and 98.33% for ‘Meeker‘). Taking into account the total number of rooted and unrooted plants during the two experimental years, the success of acclimatization of rooted shoots in the ‘Meeker‘ cultivars 96.00% and 93.10% of unrooted shots. In the raspberry cultivar ‘Willamette‘, 97.69% of rooted and 85.79% of unrooted shoots were successfully acclimatized
Long-term conservation of fruit tree germplasm using different cryopreservation techniques at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full textČuvanje biljnog materijala na izuzetno niskim temperaturama (tečni azot, -196°C) je veoma značajana metoda za dugotrajnu konzervaciju biljne germplazme. Pošto krioprezervacija značajno snižava troškove i rizike vezane za održavanje biljnih kolekcija u poljskim uslovima, ova metoda je prepoznata kao komplementarana konvencionalnim metodama čuvanja. Program primene ovakve strategije u očuvanju biljnih genetičkih resursa je iniciran i u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak. Istraživanja su fokusirana na optimizaciju protokola za različite tehnike krioprezervacije koje se baziraju na fenomenu vitrifikacije i na njihovu primenu u konzervaciji germpazme kontinentalnih voćaka. Tehnika inkapsulacije-dehidracije je uspešno primenjena u krioprezervaciji džanarike, kupine Čačanska bestrna i maline ‘Latham’. Ispitivanje primene tehnike vitrifikacija u konzervaciji germplazme Prunus-a i Malus-a je pokazalo da se značajno povećanje kapaciteta regeneracije krioprezerviranih vrhova izdanaka podloge za trešnju ‘Gisela 5’ i jabuke ‘Gala Must’ može postići variranjem dužine dehidracije i/ili vrste korišćenih vitrifikacionih rastvora. Optimizacija protokola za tehniku „droplet“ vitrifikacije kod predstavnika rodova Prunus (šljive Crvena ranka, Sitnica, Požegača, Krina, Džanarika i podloga ‘Gisela 5’), Malus (jabuka ‘Gala Must’) i Rubus (kupina Čačanska bestrna) je postignuta ispitivanjem uticaja različitih vitrifikacionih rastvora, dužine tretmana, temperature dehidracije i dužine rehidracije na ponovno rastenje krioprezerviranih eksplantata. Poslednjih godina, inicirana su takođe i istraživanja primene novo razvijenih „V cryo-plate“ i „D cryo-plate“ metoda krioprezervacije. Ove metode omogućavaju prevazilaženje izvesnih ograničenja vezanih za nedovoljnu dehidraciju, oštećenje i gubitak biljnog materijala, kao i manipulativnih problema u protokolima drugih tehnika vitrifikacije. Korišćenjem ovih metoda uspešno su krioprezervirani vrhovi in vitro izdanaka različitih autohtonih šljiva (Crvena ranka, Požegača, Sitnica, Moravka, Belošljiva), džanarike, podloge ‘Gisela 5’, jagode ‘Clery’, borovnice ‘Toro’ i mongolske borovnice. Pored krioprezervacije in vitro eksplantata, u Institutu se vrše i ispitivanja uticaja kriotretmana na reproduktivnu sposobnost polena in vitro i in vivo kod različitih sorti šljive (Valjevka, Valerija, Čačanska lepotica) i trešnje (‘Kordia’, ‘Summit’).Storage of plant material at ultra-low temperature (liquid nitrogen, -196°C), has become important tool for long-term conservation of plant germplasm. Since cryopreservation reduces cost and risks linked to management of field germplasm collections, it has become а complementary approach to conventional conservation methods. Program for application of this strategy has also been initiated within Department of Fruit Physiology of FRI, Čačak. Most of the research is focused on optimization of the protocols for different vitrification-based cryopreservation techniques and their application for conserving fruit tree genotypes. Encapsulation-dehydration technique has been successfully applied for cryopreservation of myrobalan, blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and raspberry ‘Latham’. Research on application of vitrification technique for conservation of Prunus and Malus germplasm has shown that significant increase in regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ and apple ‘Gala Must’ can be achieved by varying duration of dehydration and/or type of vitrification solution (VS) employed. Optimization of the droplet-vitrification protocol in representatives of Prunus (plums ‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Požegača’ and ‘Krina’, myrobalan, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’), Malus (apple ‘Gala Must’) and Rubus (blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’) genera was performed by evaluating the effect of different VSs, treatment durations, temperature of dehydration and duration of unloading on recovery of cryopreserved explants. Recently, the research on application of newly developed V and D cryo-plate techniques has been initiated, too. These methods allow overcoming disadvantages of other vitrification procedures such as mistiming dehydration, damage and loss of material and manipulative problems. Shoot tips of number of autochthonous plums (‘Crvena Ranka’,‘ Požegača’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Moravka’, ‘Belošljiva’), myrobalan, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’, strawberry ‘Clery’, blueberry ‘Toro’ and saskatoon were successfully cryopreserved using these methods. Besides cryopreservation of in vitro explants, the effect of cryo-treatment on pollen reproductive ability in vitro and in vivo has also been examined in different plum (‘Valjevka’, ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’) and sweet cherry (‘Kordia’, ‘Summit’) cultivars
Effect of altitude on physical characteristics of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruit
No full textThis research was conducted toexamine the effect of altitude on fruit and stone characteristics (weight, length, width and thickness) in fruits of nine plum cultivars (Boranka, Čačanska Rana, Čačanska Lepotica, Timočanka, Krina, Mildora, Stanley, Čačanska Najbolja and Čačanska Rodna). The experiment was performed at two locations: Location 1 – (300 m altitude) and Location 2 – (550 m altitude). During the three-year research, at both altitudes, there were changes in physical attributes of fruits. Results showed that fruit weight, as well as other tested fruit dimensions increased with an increase in altitude. The average fruit weight was higher by 9.57% at the higher altitude location, whereas fruit length, width, and height were higher by 5.97%, 6.37% and 5.78%, respectively. Values for stone characteristics were reversed from values for fruit characteristics. Namely, stone weight and dimensions, had lower values in plum fruits grown at higher altitude. Stalk length was shorter at the lowest altitude location. Cultivars also showed highly significant differences in the tested parameters. In both altitudes, the highest fruit characteristics were determined in cultivar Timočanka, and the lowest in cultivar Mildora. The present results indicated that altitude had a significant effect on the physical attributes of plum fruits, which should be considered when establishing commercial plum orchards.Настоящoто изследване епроведено за наблюдение навъздействието на надморската височина върху характеристиките наплодовете и костилките (тегло, дължина, ширина и дебелина) в плодове на девет сорта сини сливи: Боранка, Чачанска ранна, Чачанска лепотица, Тимочанка, Крина, Милдора, Стенлей, Чачанска найболя и Чачанска родна. Експериментът е проведен надве места: 1 Място – (300 m надморска височина) и 2 Място – (550 mнадморска височина). По време на тригодишното изследване и на двете височини се наблюдават промени във физическите характеристики на плодовете. Резултатите показват, четеглото на плодовете, както и други изследвани размери се увеличават спокачване на надморската височина. Средното тегло на плода е повисоко с 9.57% на по-високото място, като дължината, ширината ивисочината на плодовете са по-високи съответно с 5.97%, 6.37% и 5.78%. Стойностите за характеристиките на костилката бяхаобърнати от стойностите за характеристиките на плодовете. А именно, теглото и размерите на костилката имат по-ниски стойности при плодове, отглеждани на по-голяма надморска височина. Дължината надръжката е по-къса на най-ниската надморска височина. Също така, сортовете показват доста значителни разлики в изследваните показатели. И при двете надморски височини, най-високи показатели са установени при сорт Тимочанка, а най-ниски при сорт Милдора. Настоящите резултати показват, че надморската височинаима значително въздействие върху физическите характеристики на сливовите плодове, което трябва да се има предвид при създаване на търговски сливови градини
Effect of altitude on primary metabolites of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruit
No full textThis research was conducted to examine the effect of altitude on the contents of primary metabolites (soluble solids, total sugars, invert sugars, proteins, total acids, pH and soluble solid/acid ratio) of the fruit of plum. Nine plum cultivars were involved, including ‘Boranka’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Timočanka’, ‘Krina’, ‘Mildora’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ and ‘Čačanska Rodna’. The experiment was performed at two locations: Location 1 – (300 m altitude) and Location 2 – (550 m altitude). The contents of primary metabolites varied widely depending on altitude. The synthesis of soluble solids content was most intensive at the location situated at an altitude of 550 m. Also, the fruit of plums grown at 550 m had higher total sugars and invert sugars compared to those at 300 m altitude. In contrast, higher values of acids and proteins were determined at а lower altitude (300 m). During the three-year experimental period, significant differences in the tested parameters were observed among the cultivars. Regardless of the altitude, the highest values of soluble solids, sugars and pH, and the lowest levels of total acids were recorded in cultivar ‘Mildora’. On average, the highest concentration of total acids was recorded in the fruits of ‘Čačanska Rana’, whereas ‘Boranka’ had the highest levels of proteins. The results suggest that plum fruits are rich in primary metabolites, and that altitude has an important effect on the synthesis of the tested parameters in the fruits
Occurrence of phenological stages in currant cultivars (Ribes sp.) in agroenvironmental conditions of Čačak, western Serbia
No full textIstraživanja su sprovedena u periodu od tri godine kako bi se izvršilo sistematsko praćenje i proučavanje zakonitosti periodičnih pojava ili fenoloških faza u razvojnom ciklusu (početak listanja, puno listanje, pojava cvasti, početak cvetanja, puno cvetanje, početak zametanja bobica i sazrevanje bobica) sori ribizle (Ribes sp.). Eksperimentom je obuhvaćeno devet sorti crne ribizle (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Tsema’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’, ‘Tiben’, ‘Tenah’, ‘Black Reward’), deset sorti crvene ribizle (‘Losan’, ‘Redpoll’, ‘Rovada’, ‘Detvan’, ‘Junifer’, ‘Jonkherr van Tets’, ‘Industria’, ‘Red Lake’, ‘Rondom’, ‘Rolan’) i tri sorte bele ribizle (‘Weisse аus Juteborg’, ‘Primus’, ‘Blanka’). Istraživanja su sprovedene u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak, Zapadna Srbija, u period od 2017 do 2019 godine. Fenološke osobine su određivane primenom međunarodnog deskriptora za crnu ribizlu (CPVO-TP/040/2 – UPOV, 2009), i crvenu i belu ribizlu (CPVO-TP/52/1 – UPOV, 2004). Ispitivane sorte su se razlikovale u fenološkim osobinama. U agroekološkim uslovima Čačka, sorte crne ribizle su ranije ulazile u fenološke faze u poređenju sa sortama crvene i bele ribizle. Najraniji početak svih fenoloških faza uočen je kod crne ribizle ‘Čačanska Crna’ i ‘Tisel’, crvene ‘Junifer’ i bele ribizle ‘Primus’. Sa druge strane, najkasnija fenološka svojstva zabeležena su kod crne ribizle ‘Ben Lomond’, crvene ‘Industria’ i bele ribizle ‘Weisse аus Juteborg’. Poznavanje fenologije ribizle kao vrste voćaka koja ranije ulazi u period vegetacije i fazu cvetanja od posebnog je značaja pri izboru odgovarajuće lokacije za podizanje komercijalnih zasada ribizle. Ispitivane sorte su pogodne za gajenje u agroklimatskim uslovima Čačka, Zapadna Srbija, s obzirom na njihov kasniji početak fenofaze cvetanja, kao važne karakteristike kojom se izbegavaju oštećenja od kasnih prolećnih mrazeva.An experiment was conducted over a period of three years to systematically examine patterns of occurrence of periodic life-cycle events or phenological stages (beginning of leaf unfolding, full leaf unfolding, inflorescence emergence, beginning of flowering, full flowering, beginning of berry set and berry ripening) in currant cultivars (Ribes sp.). The experiment included nine black currant cultivars (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Tsema’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’, ‘Tiben’, ‘Tenah’, ‘Black Reward’), ten red currant cultivars (‘Losan’, ‘Redpoll’, ‘Rovada’, ‘Detvan’, ‘Junifer’, ‘Jonkherr van Tets’, ‘Industria’, ‘Red Lake’, ‘Rondom’, ‘Rolan’) and three white currant cultivars (‘Weisse аus Juteborg’, ‘Primus’, ‘Blanka’). Investigations were carried out at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Western Serbia, during 2017-2019. Phenological properties of tested currant cultivars were determined using international descriptors for black currants (CPVO-TP/040/2 – UPOV, 2009), and red and white currant (CPVO-TP/52/1 – UPOV, 2004). The tested cultivars showed differences in the phenological traits. Under the agroenvironmental conditions of Čačak, black currant cultivars entered earlier into phenological stages compared to red currant and white currant cultivars. The earliest occurrence of phenological events was observed in black currant cvs. ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Tisel’, red currant cv. ‘Junifer’ and white currant cv. ‘Primus’. On the other hand, the latest phenological properties were recorded in black currant ‘Ben Lomond’, red currant ‘Industria’ and white currant ‘Weisse аus Juteborg’. Knowledge of the phenology of currant as a fruit species that demonstrates an early entry into the growing season and flowering stage is of particular importance when choosing an appropriate location for establishing commercial currant orchards. The tested cultivars are suitable for growing under the agroclimatic conditions of Čačak, Western Serbia, given their late entry into the flowering stage as their important characteristic in terms of preventing damage due to late spring frosts
Detection of blueberry latent virus on highbush blueberries in Montenegro
No full textThe highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a relatively new fruit species for fruit growing in Montenegro. Established plantations are located in the northern part of the country.
To investigate the presence of viruses in blueberry plantations in Montenegro during 2022, visual inspections of plantations were carried out. Seventeen leaf samples of five cultivars (‘Aurora’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigita Blue’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Earlyblue’) were collected and analyzed.
The samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of: blueberry shock virus (BlShV), blueberry scorch virus (BlScV), blueberry shoestring virus (BSSV), blueberry leaf mottle virus (BLMoV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). The samples were further tested for the presence of blueberry mosaic-associated virus (BlMaV) and blueberry latent virus (BlLV) using RT-PCR and for the presence of the blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV) using PCR. Extraction of total nucleic acids was performed with 2% CTAB buffer. Reverse transcription was performed using pd(N)6 random primers, and PCR reactions were performed using virus-specific primers. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide.
The presence of blueberry latent virus was confirmed in 10 blueberry samples (59%) in cultivars 'Duke', 'Bluecrop', and 'Earlyblue'. Virus identification was confirmed by sequencing the amplified fusion protein gene fragments of all 10 isolates. No other viruses were confirmed in the tested samples.
This is the first survey for virus presence in blueberries in Montenegro and the first finding of blueberry latent virus in the country
Quality assessment of raspberry cultivars grown in Western Serbia
No full textProizvodnju maline (Rubus idaeus L.) u Republici Srbiji odlikuje višedecenijska apsolutna dominacija sorte ‘Willamette’, što je posledica njene visoke prilagođenosti odgovarajućim agroekološkim uslovima. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da se zahtevi svetskog tržišta menjaju i da su usmereni ka povećanju potrošnje plodova u svežem stanju i asortimana proizvoda od maline neophodno je inovirati sortiment tj. introdukovati sorte koje se, pored visokih prinosa, odlikuju plodovima širokog spektra senzornih i nutritivnih svojstava. U cilju identifikovanja razlika u kvalitetu ploda, proučavano je pet sorti maline (‘TulaMagic’, ‘Tulameen’, ‘Amira’, ‘Fertodi Zamatos’ i ‘Willamette’) koje su ubrane tokom tri berbe 2020. godine u ariljskom malinogorju (Milićevo Selo). Ispitivanje kvaliteta ploda maline izvršeno je utvrđivanjem fizičkih (težina ploda, dimenzije, broj koštunica u plodu) i hemijskih osobina ploda [sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM), ukupnih (UŠ) i invertnih šećera (IŠ), saharoze (S), ukupnih kiselina (UK), ukupnih fenola (UF), ukupnih antocijana (UA) i ukupnog antioksidativnog kapaciteta ploda (UAK)] ispitivanih sorti. Najveću masu ploda, visinu i sadržaj RSM, UŠ, IŠ i S imala je sorta ‘Tulameen’, dok je sorte ‘Willamette’ pokazala lošije rezultate u pogledu mase ploda, širine, RSM, UŠ i IŠ. Sa druge strane, pomenuta sortase odlikovala značajno većim vrednostima UK (1,97%), S (0,97%) i UА (43,53 mg 100g-1 sv.m.) u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim sortama maline. U plodovima sorte ‘Fertodi Zamatos’ utvrđene su više vrednosti mase ploda, dimenzija i sadržaja RSM (10,3%), UK (1,63%), UŠ (5,88%), IŠ (5,22%) i UF (0,165 mg 100g-1 sv.m. ). ‘Amira’ i ‘Fertodi Zamatos’ su imale značajno veći sadržaj UA i UF, što je rezultiralo i najvećim identičnim vrednostima UAK (0,183 mmol TE 100 g-1 sv.m.) ploda u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim sortama maline.The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production in the Republic of Serbia is characterized by decades of absolute dominance of the cultivar ‘Willamette’, which is owing to high adaptability of the cultivar to respective agro-environmental conditions. Bearing in mind the fact that the demands of the world market are changing and that they are aimed at increasing fresh consumption and the range of raspberry products, it is necessary to innovate the assortment, i.e. introduce cultivars that, in addition to high yields, are characterized by fruits of a wide range of sensory and nutritive properties. To identify and compare the differences in fruit quality, five raspberry cultivars (‘TulaMagic’, ‘Tulameen’, ‘Amira’, ‘Fertodi Zamatos’, and ‘Willamette’) were harvested during three harvests in 2020 at Arilje region(Milićevo Selo). For evaluation of raspberry fruit quality, the physical (fruit weight, dimensions, number of drupelets within a fruit) and chemical properties [soluble solids content (SSC), total (TS) and invert sugars (IS), sucrose (SC), titrable acids (TA)] as well as nutritive values [total phenols content (TPC)], total anthocyanins (TAN) and antioxidative capacity (TAC) of the fruits were analyzed. The highest fruit weight, height, and the highest content of SSC, TS, IS, SC were recorded in the cultivar ‘Tulameen’, while the cultivar ‘Willamette’ showed worse results in terms of fruit weight, width, SSC, TS, IS. On the other hand abovementioned cultivar had significantly higher TA (1.97%), SC (0.97%), and TAN (43.53 mg 100g-1 FW) compared to the other cultivars. The higher values of fruit weight, dimensions, and content of SSC (10.3%), TA (1.63%), TS (5.88%), IS (5.22%), and TPC (0.165 mg 100g-1 FW) were registered in the samples of ‘Fertodi Zamatos’. ‘Amira’ and ‘Fertodi Zamatos’ had a significantly higher content of TAN and TPC, which resulted in the highest TAC (0.183 mmol TE 100g-1 FW) of these cultivars compared to the other tested cultivars
Сравнително изследване на химичния състав на пресни и сушени плодове от сливов сорт Чачанска родна
No full textČačanska Rodna is a plum cultivar of combined characteristics. The fruits are used for fresh consumption, drying, plum brandy and other forms of processing. This paper presents the ten-year examinations of prune quality depending on characteristics of the fresh fruits.
Fruits from the plantation of Fruit Research Institute, at Preljinsko brdo locality, where standard agro- and pomotechnical measures have been regularly applied were used for examinations. Fruits intended for drying of approximately same mass and ripeness degree that are suitable for processing were picked.
Drying of plum fruits was performed at an experimental drier at an air temperature of 90°C until 75% of the total dry matter was reached in prunes. Based on the results of examining
chemical composition of fresh and dried plum, it can be concluded that fruits of Čačanska Rodna are suitable for drying regardless of climatic conditions during summer period.
During plum drying, a hydrolysis of sucrose occurred, which had been manifested in a dramatic decrease of its content in dried fruits compared to fresh ones and at the same time, an increase of invert sugars.
Even though drying resulted in a slight loss of the content of total sugars and total acids, the sugar/acid ratio of dried fruit did not decrease in relation to the fresh fruit, i.e. quality of dried fruits did not diminish.Чачанска родна е сорт синя слива с комбинирани характеристики. Плодовете се използват за прясна консумация, сушене, сливова ракия и други форми на преработка. Настоящата статия представя десетгодишни изследвания на качеството на сини сливи според характеристиките на пресните плодове. За изследване са използвани плодове от насажденията на Изследователски институт по овощарство, местност Прелинско бърдо, където редовно се прилагат стандартни помо-технологични мерки.
Набраните плодове са предназначени за сушене с приблизително еднакво тегло и степен на зрялост, подходящи за преработка.
Сушенето на сливовите плодове е извършено в експериментална сушилня при температура на въздуха 90°C, докато общото сухо вещество в плодовете достигне 75%. Въз основа на резултатите от изследването на химичния състав на пресни и сушени сливови плодове, може да се заключи, че плодовете на Чачанска родна са подходящи за сушене, независимо от климатичните условия през летния период. При сушенето на сливи се е получила хидролиза на захарозата, която се е проявила в драстично намаляване на съдържанието ѝ в сушени плодове, в сравнение с пресните и в същото време се увеличават инвертните захари.
Въпреки че сушенето води до лека загуба на съдържание на общи захари и общи киселини, съотношението захари/киселини в сушените плодове не намалява спрямо пресните плодове, т.е. качеството на вкуса на сушените плодове не намалява