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Determination of Flash Flood Hazard Areas in the Likodra Watershed
No full textClimate change has a direct impact on flash floods, and indirectly on the environment, society, and economy, due to the rapid development and difficulty of predicting this hydrological phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to assess the potential flash flood hazard areas in the Likodra watershed (218.62 km(2)), one of the most vulnerable parts to flash floods in Serbia, using the flash flood potential index (FFPI) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Recurring events from 1995 to this day and the devastating impact on settlements of the analyzed area show that this territory is extremely vulnerable. The data used include hydrological statistics (maximum daily rainfall) and spatial data on watershed geographical characteristics (slope, soils, land use, vegetation, drainage density) obtained or derived from various sources (maps, satellite images, digital databases) which were integrated into the GIS environment. The results indicate a severe flash flood hazard level, with high flash flood susceptibility classes occupying 76.20%, 87.78%, and 91.73% of the area, depending on the considered criteria and weights assigned to them
Impact of COVID-19 on wood-based products industry: An exploratory study in Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and BiH
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the forest-products industry locally and globally, including the availability of raw materials, supply chain, production, and product sales. Therefore, it was essential to study the effect of COVID-19 in Central and Southeast European countries, including Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the forest-products industry plays a vital global role. An international group of wood scientists developed and implemented the web-based questionnaire that consisted of four parts: demographic questions, production changes, COVID data gathering, governmental response to COVID-19, and lessons learned. Participants were mainly from furniture production, joinery, and wood processing. Results indicate that more than 80% of respondents reported negative changes. The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected the supply chain, and the most significant changes were in the availability of solid wood (23%) and engineered wood products (21%). Among the most critical issues were increased prices of all materials, increased transportation costs, extended delivery times, limited quantities for all materials, and total disruption of supply chains
Industrial heritage preservation and the urban revitalisation process in Belgrade
No full textUrban regeneration is often driven by economic interests, while the preservation of the meaning and memory of a place is neglected. This could be considered as a reason a series of civil initiatives emerged in Belgrade to prevent damage to the built heritage and to indicate the need for stronger citizen involvement in the city's development processes. This paper will focus on the issues of the Belgrade waterfront industrial heritage protection process by exploring eleven case studies, observed through a framework that includes key actors in the protection process. In order to determine the level of citizen participation in this process, the degree of their activity was studied by analyzing the social media content through which they communicate about this particular topic. Furthermore, possibilities of different approaches in presentation and utilization of the abandoned industrial heritage will be investigated, in order to define common procedures that will be in line with the city development goals, citizen expectations and heritage protection measures
Management of roe deer population (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Serbia
No full textThe research was conducted during the 2018/19 hunting year at three hunting grounds: "Barajevska reka" -"Takovo" and "Jadar". The average density of Roe deer in hunting grounds varied from 48.67 to 74 individuals per 1,000 ha of hunting-productive area. However, when observing the number of individuals per 1,000 ha of total hunting area, the density varies from 16.07 individuals to 34.72 individuals. The determined gender ratio at the hunting ground "Jadar" was (M: F = 1: 0.93). At the hunting ground "Takovo", the gender ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.22), while at the hunting ground "Barajevska reka" the ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.59). The average fertility of Roe deer was 1.67 embryos per individual, or 1.75 embryos per pregnant female. Depending on the study area, the real growth varied from 0.54 to 0.73 fawns per female. Loss in Roe deer are caused mostly by biotic factors. The determined average age of shot individuals varied depending on the hunting ground from 3.53 to 5.24 years. The current state of Roe deer populations in Serbia varies between analyzed hunting grounds, but the overall situation is quite unsatisfactory, especially in terms of density, gender ratio and age structure of culled individuals
New risk for ash trees health – an outbreak of Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
No full textMeđu najčešćim vrstama drveća na elementima zelene infrastrukture su
predstavnici roda Fraxinus (Fam. Oleaceae), koji uključuje više od 60 vrsta pretežno
rasprostranjenih u umerenom pojasu. U Srbiji ima 4 nativne vrste i jedna podvrsta: crni
jasen (F. ornus L.), beli jasen (F. excelsior L.), poljski jasen (F. angustifolia Vahl.), oštrolisni
jasen (F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Willdenow) Franco & Rocha Afonso) i maljavi poljski
jasen (F. pallisae Willmott). Poljski jasen je prirodno rasprostranjen u priobalju Mediterana
i Crnog Mora, od Atlantika u Portugaliji, zapadne Francuske i u Panonskoj niziji.
Fraxinus angustifolia 'Raywood' – crvenolisni poljski jasen, je vredan kultivar, koji
se često gaji u drvoredima. Malo je tolerantan prema vetru. Odgovaraju mu lesna
zemljišta, peskovita, glinovita sa niskim ili umerenim sadržajem hranljivih materija. U
pogledu vlage zemljišta, nije zahtevan jer najbolje uspeva u suvom i veoma suvom
zemljištu. U pogledu svetlosnog režima, traži sunčane i delimično zasenjene ekspozicije.
Veoma je tolerantan prema kiselosti zemljišta, podnosi kiselo, neutralno i bazno zemljište.
Oblik krošnje je široko jajolik, poluotvorena krošnja dostiže visinu od 15-20 m i širinu od
8-12 m. Među najviše cenjenim estetskim karakteristikama, ovaj kultivar ima bogat jesenji
kolorit lišća, koji varira od naranžaste, crveno-ljubičaste do ljubičaste.
Prema raspoloživoj literaturi u Srbiji, rod Fraxinus je odnosima ishrane povezan
sa 98 vrsta štetnih insekata, 6 Phytophthora spp., 1 vrstom bakterije i 9 vrsta fitopatogenih
gljiva. Kompleks biotičkih i abiotičkih faktora koji izazivaju sušenje jasena su velika
pretnja šumskim ekosistemima i zelenoj infrastrukturi gde se gaje kultivari jasena.
Proučavanja u 2022. godini na području opštine Veliko Gradište pokazuje da je
crvenoglavi jasenov krasac Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) izazvao
lokalno prenamnoženje i sušenje stabala jasena u drvoredu. Disekovanja delova stabla od
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korenovog vrata, duž debla i grana različitog prečnika, pokazala su veoma visoku
populacionu gustinu štetočine. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da proučavanjem biologije i razvojnog
stadijuma N. acuminatus doprinese zdravstvenom stanju kultivara jasena na elementima
zelene infrastrukture time što će obavestiti stručnjake iz hortikulturne industrije
(proizvođače sadnog materijala), službe zaštite šuma i ukrasnih biljaka i druge, da
preduzmu preventivne mere da bi se smanjio rizik da ova strana vrsta ugrozi jasen.One of common ornamental trees on green infrastructure belong to the genus
Fraxinus (Fam. Oleaceae), which includes about species, mostly distributed in temperate
regions. In Serbia there are 4 native species and one subspecies: flowering ash (F. ornus
L.), white ash (F. excelsior L.), narrow-leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl.), Caucasian ash (F.
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angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Willdenow) Franco & Rocha Afonso) and Balkan ash (F.
pallisae Willmott). Narrow-leaved ash is distributed along the coasts of the Mediterranean
Sea and the Black Sea, the Atlantic in Portugal, in western France, and in the region of
Pannonia,
Fraxinus angustifolia 'Raywood' - Raywood Narrow leaved ash, Raywood ash is a
valuable cultivar very often grown in tree rows. It is slightly tolerant to wind. This cultivar
prefers loess, sand and loamy soil low or moderately rich in nutrients. Soil moisture, the
most appropriate for this cultivar, is dry to very dry. Concerning light requirements, it
requires sunny or partial shade exposition. It is very tolerant to pH range in soil as it can
be grown in acidic, neutral and alkaline soil. Crown is wide egg-shaped and semi-open
and it can reach high 15-20 m and width from 8-12 m. Among the most ornamental
characteristics of this cultivar are autumn colours of leaves, which vary from orange, red
violet to violet.
Due to available literature in Serbia genera Fraxinus is trophicaly related with 98
insect pest species, 6 Phytophthora spp., 1 bacterium and 9 pathogenic fungi species.
Complex of biotic and abiotic factors causing ash dieback is a great threat to forest
ecosystems and green infrastructure where ash is grown. The research in 2022 in the
vicinity of municipality Veliko Gradište revealed that red-headed ash borer Neoclytus
acuminatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) caused local outbreak and death of trees in
the tree row. Dissection from collar, along stem and branches of various diameter, reviled
very high population of the pest. Biology and development stages of N. acuminatus were
studied. This paper aims to contribute to plant health of ash trees in green infrastructure
warning professionals in horticulture industry (producers of nursery stock), forest and
ornamental plant protection service to undertake preventative measures to minimize the
risk of this alien pest on ash treesas
Tolerantnost na sušu klonova Salix ‘Sw Inger’, Salix ‘Ester’ i Salix ‘Wilhelm’ u energetskom zasadu PD RB „Kolubara“
No full textVrste i unutarvrsni taksoni roda Salix danas predstavljaju važan resurs za
proizvodnju biomase kao obnovljivog izvora energije. Biološke i ekološke osobine vrba,
kao što su vegetativno razmnožavanje iz zrelih reznica, brz rast, jaka izdanačka moć,
tolerancija nutritivno siromašnih zemljišta i dr. su odredile ovaj rod kao veoma povoljan
za korišćenje u energetskim zasadima (Kajba & Andrić, 2014, Stajić, 2016). Međutim,
potrebe vrba za vodom su veoma velike, a preživljavanje i produkcija biomase su najčešće
determinisani statusom vode na staništu (Jia et al., 2020). U energetskim zasadima resursi
vode su često limitirani, a izloženost vodnom deficitu je sve češće zastupljena u dužim
vremenskim intervalima tokom letnjih meseci. U ovakvim uslovima dolazi do promena
biljnog metabolizma koje utiču na rast, razvoj i produktivnost. Zbog ovoga su važna
istraživanja fizioloških i morfoloških odgovora, koji mogu da ukažu na tolerantnost
genotipova vrba na vodni deficit i druge stresne faktore vezane za klimatske promene
Adaptivno upravljanje šumama
No full textAdaptivno upravljanje je osnovni koncept strategije
upravljanja šumskim ekosistemima u uslovima povećanih rizika. Zbog
toga postoji potreba za razvojem ključnih teorija i informacija na
kojima se zasniva adaptivno upravljanje šumama, jer je ono postalo
premisa savremenih strategija razvoja šumarstva u Evropi, a osnovne
ideje o ovom načinu upravljanja razvijale su se, prije svega, na saznanjima
iz ekologije šuma. Adaptivno upravljanje predstavlja praćenje
aktivnosti (monitoring) u cilju prilagođavanja budućih aktivnosti
željenim efektima upravljanja. Glavni uzroci koji su uticali na
primjenu adaptivnog upravljanja u šumarstvu vezani su za strateške
šumarske principe i globalne izazove. Šumski ekosistemi izloženi su
prirodnim i društvenim rizicima koji uzrokuju poremećaje i neželjene
efekte upravljanja. U cilju smanjivanja rizika za realizaciju
strateških ciljeva u šumarstvu, nastala je potreba razrade
upravljačkih mehanizama za adaptaciju šumskih ekosistema. Globalne
aktivnosti, pored sprovođenja mjera za mitigaciju (ublažavanje)
klimatskih promjena, podrazumijevaju mjere za adaptaciju (prilagođavanje)
na klimatske promjene, održivi razvoj i ublažavanje negativnih posljedica za šumske ekosisteme. Pri tome je potrebno izaći iz okvira upravljanja
koji se temelje uglavnom na pojednostavljenoj ravnoteži između
zapremine, prirasta i etata i sistematski integrisati rezultate
svih intervencija i spoljašnjih uticaja na šume kako bi se poboljšalo
stanje šuma i prilagodilo promjenama. Najbolji pokazatelj
ugroženosti vrsta i šumskih biljnih zajednica jeste smanjenje njihovog
areala i biodiverziteta. Većina klimatskih modela predviđa velike
promjene u okviru šuma zbog velike brzina klimatskih promjena i
ograničenja prilagođavanja mnogih vrsta drveća klimatskim ekstremima. Šume se sporo prilagođavaju novim uslovima, naročito zbog
povećanja temperatura, povećanja koncentracije ugljen-dioksida, kao i
povećanja depozicije nitrata. Najuticajnija klimatska varijabla za
šume je ona koja određuje promjenu temperaturnog režima i poremećaj
vjetra. Ključ za upravljanje šumama u uslovima rizika leži u povećavanju
učešća otpornijih vrsta prilagođenih budućim klimatskim uslovima,
odnosno u promovisanju raznolikosti vrsta drveća i njihovih
provenijencija i heterogenosti strukturnih oblika šuma. Za stvaranje
ovakvih šuma potrebno je gajiti šume čije osobine su bliske prirodnim
i potencijalnim šumskim zajednicama za odgovarajuće uslove staništa
i autohtone vrste. Adaptivno upravljanje šumama podrazumijeva
multidisciplinarni pristup i četverofazni ciklus jačanja razumijevanja složenih biofizičkih, socijalno-ekonomskih i političkih
sistema uz stalni monitoring (kontrola ekosistema) i sticanje novih
empirijskih znanja, čiji se pozitivni efekti primjenjuju u praksi.
Prednost adaptivnog upravljanja je u tome što se vrši prilagođavanje
planova i aktivnosti na osnovu rezultata monitoringa u
novonastalim nepredviđenim uslovima
The Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) as a Biomonitor for the Presence of Lead and Cadmium in Vojvodina, Serbia
No full textLead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are heavy metals considered possible contaminants of
water, soil and air (especially when occurring as a consequence of human activities in
agriculture or industry), and can be found in the liver or kidneys of animals, thus serving
as indicators of pollution. Vojvodina is a northern province of the Republic of Serbia
which boasts very intensive agricultural production, especially crop production. The
brown hare is well-adapted and abundant in Vojvodina. As a complete herbivore, it has
the potential to be a good biomonitor for the presence of lead and cadmium in the chosen
biotope. A total of 60 samples of hare livers were collected and analyzed immediately
after hunting. The average concentration of lead in all the liver samples analyzed was
851.43 µg/kg of wet tissue. The lead concentrations determined at three different sites in
Vojvodina (namely Odžaci in Bačka, Rusko selo in Banat and Kraljevci in Srem) were not
statistically significant. However, the average lead concentrations at all the sites were
above the permitted level (500 µg/kg of wet tissue). The maximum amount of lead
determined was 2,302 µg/kg of wet tissue, i.e. almost five times above the permitted level.
The cadmium concentrations in all the samples analyzed ranged from 12.90 to 1183.00
µg/kg of wet tissue. The average cadmium concentrations determined at three different
sites were found statistically significant, suggesting a local source of contamination. The
average cadmium concentrations at sites I, II and III were 65.57, 205.91 and 413.99
µg/kg of wet tissue, respectively. The average cadmium concentrations determined at the
sites considered were below the permitted level, although exceeding the legal limit in
some of the samples analyze
Contribution to methods and techniques of scientific research: structure of the scientific research report - 7. inclosure
No full textPrilog je specifičan deo izveštaja o istraživanju, koji kod kraćih formi izveštaja nije ni zastupljen. Teško mu je definisati neku čvršću strukturu i obično se ostavlja autoru da ga formira po nahođenju. Ovde je učinjen pokušaj da se ona, ipak, uspostavi, a osnovni kriterijum za sačinjavanje strukture bio je praćenje strukture prethodno izloženog teksta. Takva struktura ima sledeće delove: a) prilozi vezani za sakupljene podatke i druge vrste informacija koje mogu da se vežu za početak istraživanja, b) prilozi vezani za informacije iz okruženja i dešavanja od uticaja na sprovođenje istraživanja, v) prilozi vezani za odabrane metode i tehnike istraživanja, g) prilozi vezani za rezultate is traživanja i d) prilozi vezani za informacije opšteg karaktera, koje pomažu razumevanju određenih aspekata sprovedenog istraživanja
Forest management in the first level of protection at the special nature reserve “Obedska bara”
No full textŠume hrasta lužnjaka na području Specijalnog rezervata prirode «Obedska bara» izuzetno su vredne i jedinstvene na nacionalnom i evropskom nivou, zbog čega su i prepoznate kao temeljna vrednost rezervata. Lokalni naziv najstarijeg kompleksa hrastovih šuma u specijalnom rezervatu prirode je „prašuma Debela gora“ i ona je stavljena u režim zaštite prvog stepena. S obzirom da je obuhvaćena režimom zaštite prvog stepena, prioritetni cilj gazdovanja šumama jeste očuvanje biološke raznovrsnosti, što podrazumeva odsustvo bilo kakvih gazdinskih tretmana. Kao rezultat ovakvog pristupa, dolazi do gubitka hrastova i ostalih vrsta sa većim zahtevima za svetlost, a javljaju se i preuzimaju dominaciju druge vrste poput graba, što je analizirano u ovom radu. S obzirom da zamena vrste nije cilj gazdovanja šumama na područjima u režimu zaštite prvog stepena, u ovom radu su predložene zaštitne mere gazdovanja šuma u cilju restauracije i revitalizacije područja koje bi se mogle sprovoditi uz saglasnost nadležnih institucija