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Sustainable management of the National park Kopaonik - opportunities and challenges
No full textUpravljanje nacionalnim parkom (NP) Kopaonik, sprovodi se preko Javnog preduzeća (JP) „NP Kopaonik“, koje predstavlja delegirani oblik „državnog upravljanja“ u javnom sektoru. Cilj rada je izučavanje najvažnijih elemenata organizacije upravljanja NP Kopaonik. Razmotreni su regulatorni i institucionalni okviri, unutrašnja organizacija i mehanizmi finansiranja upravljanja NP Kopaonik. Svrha istraživanja je utvrđivanje mogućnosti unapređenja organizacije i finansiranja NP Kopaonik, ka održivom upravljanju. Primarni podaci su prikupljeni sprovođenjem intervjua sa predstavnicima upravljača i zainteresovanih strana. U pogledu unapređenja unutrašnje organizacije JP „NP Kopaonik“, predloženo je formiranje dodatnih organizacionih jedinica, odnosno službi za: upravljanje posetiocima, promociju, saradnju sa medijima i marketing, pružanje turističke ponude, pripremu i sprovođenje projekata i međunarodnu saradnju, kao i za unapređenje lovstva i ribolovne faune. Naglašeno je da se ovi poslovi već obavljaju u okviru JP „NP Kopaonik“, ali i da je neophodno izvršiti određene izmene organizacione strukture i ojačati kadrovske i finansijske kapacitete, što bi uticalo na kvalitet ovih aktivnosti
Conservation of forest genetic resources in protected areas – National park “Kopaonik” as an example of good practice abstract: protected areas represent an important form of in situ conservat
No full textZaštićena područja predstavljaju značajan vid in situ konzervacije i održivog korišćenja šumskih genetičkih resursa. U poređenju sa drugim šumskim kompleksima, ova područja su manje ugrožena, ali su, takođe, izložena ugrožavajućim faktorima koji dovode do genetičke erozije. Imajući u vidu da gubitak genetičkog diverziteta predstavlja jednu od najvećih pretnji očuvanju adaptabilnog potencijala vrsta, značajnog za opstanak šuma u uslovima klimatskih promena, konzervacija šumskih genetičkih resursa može se smatrati važnom aktivnošću u svim zaštićenim područjima. Poslednjih decenija, intenzivirane su aktivnosti na konzervaciji genofonda šumskih vrsta u zaštićenim područjima u Srbiji, a konkretni rezultati već su vidljivi u nekima od njih. Kao primer dobre prakse, u radu su prikazane aktivnosti na identifikaciji retkih, ugroženih, reliktnih, endemičnih i ranjivih drvenastih vrsta na području Nacionalnog parka „Kopaonik”, u režimu zaštite prvog i drugog stepena, uz procenu stepena njihove ugroženosti. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, predložene su mere konzervacije raspoloživog genofonda, čija se implementacija očekuje u narednom periodu
Genetic variability and degradation drivers for conserving and managing oak populations at the landscape of outstanding features Kosmaj Serbia
No full textIdentification and quantification of the factors that influence genetic diversity is
particularly important for the representatives of the genus Quercus L. In this genus, the
characterization of the genetic diversity correlations can serve as a basis for predictive
models of its distribution. The adaptive and neutral genetic variability of four
autochthonous oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, Q. pubescens
Willd. – pubescent oak, Q. frainetto Ten. – Hungarian oak, Q. cerris L. – Turkey oak)
was studied at the Landscape of Outstanding Features (LOF) "Kosmaj" in Serbia. This
study aimed to test to which degree the inter- and intraspecific genetic variability of
oaks is the result of the genotype influence, local habitat conditions, environmental
factors, population management practices, and the historical processes that the analyzed
populations have gone through. In total, 247 individuals of the four selected oak species
were investigated. Adaptive variability was studied using geometric morphometric
methods (landmarks and outlines), and neutral variability using nuclear microsatellites
(nSSRs). The results showed that the adaptive variability of oaks at the LOF "Kosmaj"
is related to habitat characteristics, environmental conditions, and oak population
management practices, while neutral variability analysis showed relatively high genetic
diversity levels of all studied oak species. The consistency of the results obtained using
adaptive and neutral genetic markers, and the consistency of the obtained results with
previously published data on genetic variability of oaks was also observed. The results
suggest that the effective conservation of oak genetic resources at the LOF "Kosmaj"
requires coordinated efforts of the forestry, environmental and nature protection sectors.
An important goal is the determination of priority species, populations and areas for the
conservation of oak genetic resources in the form of in situ conservation units and ex
situ methods, within a coherent program and in accordance with national policies and
the biological capabilities of each species
Analysis Of Chamois (Rupicapra Rupicapra Balcanica) Management In Hunting Grounds “Zlot” And “Goč”
No full textBalkan subspecies of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica L.) is an endemic species and
one of four autochthonous species of wild ungulates in Serbia. Since it occupies specific habitats
which are often protected, chamois is considered commonly as an indicator or keystone species.
Despite its significance, abundance and size of the chamois population in Serbia is below the
habitat carrying capacities, because this species is present in only a few hunting grounds. The
species is protected by Law on game and hunting (2010), which allows it to be hunted during
certain parts of a year, while it is protected the rest of a year. Therefore chamois has importance
for both environmentalists and hunters. For that reason the aim of this study is to analyze
chamois management in two hunting grounds, “Zlot” located in Eastern Serbia and “Goč”
which is in the central part of the country. Both hunting grounds are managed by State
Enterprise “Srbijašume” and used as breeding centers to increase chamois abundance. Data
collection was based on analysis of hunting grounds’ management plans for a 10 years period.
Population size in the hunting ground "Zlot" suits habitat capacity and even surpasses it, which
leads to spontaneous expansion to neighboring habitats. Gradual progress in numbers is
characteristic of reintroduced wild ungulate populations, with expected declines due to reduced
growth and increased losses in certain years, which is also visible in the chamois population in
the hunting ground “Goč”. In accordance with the expected dispersion, it is necessary to adjust
the population monitoring measures, and in accordance with the observed changes in the
subpopulations, apply adaptive management measures, i.e. adjust the management plans
Towards Numerical Architectural Order Identification: Expressing Capital Morphology by Using Dynamics of Its Parameters
No full textPrevious subject-related research, that describes stylistic peculiarities of artefacts by taking into account their morphometric/geometric characteristics, explicates the results (used to differentiate them in terms of style they belong to) mainly descriptively – by evaluating the obtained data visually. The narrower aim of this Paper is to explicate the mentioned characteristics numerically/quantitatively by transposing stylistic-wise parameters (descriptors of fractal and non-fractal nature), previously investigated by the actual authors, into the form of dynamics of their values namely explicators. Therefore, the main research questions of this study are both how to express artefact morphology by using dynamics of its parameters and, thus, how to numerically/quantitatively identify architectural style concrete artefact belongs to. To achieve that scientifically, a triplet of capital samples (as the most distinctive elements among artefacts), namely their digital 3D models, are employed per each fundamental classical architectural order (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian). The subject of this Paper is to establish relevant morphometric/geometric indicators not only in the form of explicators mentioned above, but qualifiers too, enabling so: to numerically express capital morphology, namely to quantitatively estimate levels of intra-similarity of capitals assumed to belong to the same order, and inter-dissimilarity of those assumed to belong to different ones. Both types of the established indicators refer to capital contours which are positioned in mutually equidistant transverse section planes (defined per each chosen capital sample of each of the analysed orders). The wider research aim refers to both: (a) a possibility to numerically/quantitatively identify order a concrete fragment of capital/artefact belongs to in terms of recognising it computationally (as confidently as possible from the mathematical probability point of view), and (b) to perform morphology-wise capital/artefact segmentation. Presented innovative methodology brings up a more reliable possibility to identify architectural order “stylistically unknown capital” belongs to – by using a newly introduced indicator (in the form of dynamics) to express its morphology numerically/quantitatively. Future research will be dealt with software-wise automation of stylistic decoding steps (rough capital classification and order-belonging estimation)
Climate characteristics of Eastern Serbia as a basis for climate vegetation classification of climate
No full textThe paper presents characteristics of eastern Serbia climate based on data collected at four
main meteorological (Crni Vrh, Negotin, Niš and Zaječar) and two climatological stations
(Knjaževac and Sokobanja) over 30 years of climate measurements (1981-2010). To analyse
general climatic conditions, monthly, seasonal and annual values of air temperature and
precipitation regimes are shown. For a better understanding of climate and climate-vegetation
classification, the following climate indices were processed: Lang’s rain factor as the basis
for climate-vegetation classification of climate, pluviometric hazard, De Mortonne’s index of
aridity, Köerner’s thermodrome coefficient and Ellenberg's climate coefficient. The
geographical climate-vegetation classification is based on Walter's climate diagram, the
Thornthwaite classification system and UNEP. Lang's bioclimatic classification indicates that
Crni Vrh is the most humid, and Niš the most arid. According to Thornthwaite, the research
area is dominated by the dry subhumid climate, C1 type. According to the UNEP
classification, the entire study area has a humid climate. The values of Ellenberg's climate
coefficient indicate the zone of oak forests with the characteristics of a dry climate at all
stations, except the Crni Crh station which is in the zone of beech forests and has a humid
climate. According to De Mortonne’s index of aridity, exorheism prevails in the study area.
Köerner's thermodrome coefficient shows that Niš weather station has a moderate continental
climate, Crni Vrh a low continental or mountain climate, and other stations show pronounced
continentality. Based on Walter's climate diagrams, we can conclude that the research area
has a continental climate
Antifeedant activity of the plant products derived from the neem and linalool on the spongy moth larvae
No full textWith the significant loss of biodiversity in the 20th and 21st century, pollution of air, soil, and water, alternatives to chemical pesticides are needed to preserve nature. One of the alternatives is the usage of plant components as pest insect control. They are an appropriate alternative to chemical pesticides as they are cost-effective, easy, and safe to use, do not affect the environment or beneficial insects negatively, and are still an effective measure against pest insects. The biggest challenge with plant components is that they are biologically unstable. That is why further insight into the effectiveness of different extracts and oils against different pest insects is needed. We tested the antifeedant activity of plant products derived from neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.), and linalool on the Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L, 1758) larvae. To test the efficiency of these compounds, we conducted choice tests in laboratory conditions. Two disks (treatment and control) cut from red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves were presented to the second instar spongy moth larvae in Petri dishes for the testing. Twenty-five Petri dishes were used for each of the tested compounds at four concentrations (200 in total). The tested compounds showed the most significant effect at higher concentrations
Application of species of the genus Parthenocissus L. in urban green infrastructure – state and perspectives
No full textThis study focuses on selected aspects of the spatial analysis of green infrastructure in Banovo brdo,
Belgrade, with the aim of implementing species from the genus Parthenocissus L. on green roofs,
walls and rain gardens. Through the analysis of urban green infrastructure, public and private green
areas in the compact urban environment, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. and
Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. were selected. To highlight the visual
perception of the mentioned species, autumn foliage color changes in combination with climatic
elements were recorded by phenological observations. Research confirmed the greater presence of
Virginia Creeper (75%), but also the identical adaptability of both species in changed climatic
conditions. The analyzed specimens of Virginia Creeper were 10 to 12 years old, and the specimens of
Japanese Creeper were 15 years old. The invasive nature of both species was recorded in both public
and private green areas. The results confirm that both species are suitable for innovative strategies
and that they can be used to preserve selected spatial elements with adequate maintenance. Based on
the analyses, for the operationalization of landscape design, recommendations were formulated for
strengthening the connectivity of the green infrastructure network and implementing new elements
with both species in the urban fabric where the number and size of green areas are insufficien
Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research
No full textRainfall simulators represent often-used equipment for soil research. Depending on their performance, they could be appropriate for some soil research or not. Dripping rainfall simulators (DRS) can provide rainfall that corresponds to natural rainfall, except in terms of the drop size distribution and wetted area. However, usually there are more factors that do not correspond to natural rainfall, such as the median drop size, volume and kinetic energy. The sizes of the drops generated by the simulator drippers are mostly in the range between 2 and 6 mm, while the number of drops smaller than 2 mm is relatively small. The intensity and duration of the simulated rain can be successfully produced to match natural values, with the most frequently simulated short-term rainfall of a high intensity. Most simulations were conducted at a fall height of up to 2 m, and then their number gradually decreases as the height gets closer to 5 m. Most simulations (58.6%) occur in the range between 20–90% KE, then 33.0% in a range of 90–100%, with only 8.4% lower than 20% KE.Adapted from the peer-reviewed paper [https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071314]Is based on: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6627
Environmentally acceptable procedure for the synthesis of tetraethylthiurammonosulfide tets
No full textTetraethylthiuram disulfides (TETD) and tetraethylthiurammonosulfide (TMTS) occupy an important
place among the products of organic chemical technology due to the variety of applications. A simple
and efficient one-pot synthesis was developed for the preparation of tetraethylthiurammonosulfide
(TETS) from diethylamine, carbon disulfide, potassium cyanide and ammonium chloride catalyst,
using the isopropanol/water azeotrope as solvent. The isopropanol/water reaction medium is recycled
after product removal. Namely, in the first phase of the reaction, the amine salt of
diethyldithiocarbamic acid is formed, from which tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) is obtained by
oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. In the second phase of the reaction, sulfur is eliminated from the
disulfide bond of TETD with the help of potassium cyanide in the presence of ammonium chloride,
whereby TETS is formed with the separation of potassium isothiocyanate. Significant features of this
protocol are: simplicity of operation, mild reaction conditions, solvent recycling and high product
yields, as well as applicability to industrial production leve