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Comparative analysis of the condition of a stand before and after carrying out ice breakage remedial measures in the area of rtanj mountain in Serbia
No full textThe analysis of the condition of a stand before and after carrying out ice breakage remedial
measures in the area of Rtanj mountain is presented in this paper. The stand has been defined
phytocoenologically as the mountainous beech forest (Fagetum moesiacae montanum) on
different brown soils. It is situated at the altitude between 500 m and 820 m, on a very steep
slope (16º-20º). Remedial measures have been carried out on several occasions whereby
heavily damaged trees were removed with a tendency to preserve the parent stand canopy as
much as possible. Before the damage occurred, there had been 434 trees per ha, basal area
and volume had amounted to 31.0 m2
/ha and 305 m3
/ha, respectively. Stand mean diameter
had amounted to 28 cm, while mean height had amounted to 20.2 m. After removing heavily
damaged trees, the number of trees per ha declined to 200, basal area amounts to 13.56 m2
/ha,
while volume was 122.68 m3
/ha. Stand mean diameter amounted to 29.4 cm, while mean
height was 17.8 m. The biggest differences in the reduction of the number of trees, basal area
and volume note in diameter class 27.5 cm. Irregular diameter and height structure are
consequences of removal of damaged trees in all diameter degrees
Monitoring of surface water quality along the coast of great war island
No full textThe Island was formed by fluvial sand deposition, so it could be assumed that wastewater has a significant
impact on the island itself. The water of the Danube river is classified as Class III in terms of quality, but
due to the presence of nitrites, according to the classification table, it belongs to Class V1
. Using GIS
software, maps were obtained showing the influence of the tested ions on the island. Based on these
characteristics, it can be concluded that the wastewater discharged into the Danube and Sava rivers has an
impact on Great War Island. By comparing the models of the authors mentioned in the study regarding the
lateral influx of surface water into the alluvial aquifer and their interaction with groundwater, it can be
concluded that pollutants and chemical compounds from the surface flow of the Danube and Sava rivers
have a significant impact on the quality of groundwater. The study provides graphical representations of
the impact and distribution of specific tested compounds and ions. The research is based on the analysis of
water samples taken from the shores surrounding Great War Island, and the data was processed using GIS
tools. Water samples were taken at six stationary points, and on-site determination of physical
characteristics such as pH value, color, turbidity, and odor was conducted. The determination of NO3
-
,
NO2
-
, and NH4
+
ions was carried out colorimetrically. The concentration of carbonate ions was determined
based on pH values. HCO3
-
, Cl-
, Ca2
+
, and Mg2
+
ions were determined volumetrically
Second flowering of Philadelphus coronarius L. in green-blue infrastructure of Belgrade
No full textThe study focuses on the analysis of the elements of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) of Belgrade in the
Gazela Park and the part of the Topčider Park along the Topčider River. The distance of the Sava
River from these green spaces is 557 m and 1295 m respectively. During autumn and the beginning of
winter 2022/2023 phenological observations of repeated flowering of European mock-orange, which
has a favorable effect on ambient values, were noted in these parks. The phenological patterns of the
second flowering and the morphological characteristics of the flowers were analyzed. Research has
confirmed greater visual impact and longer duration of flowering in Topčider Park. The evaluation of
the spatial structure of green areas provided guidelines for alternatives to the landscape design of
BGI elements that would contribute to the increase in the value of ecosystem services
Prilog poznavanju faune insekata specijalnog rezervata prirode „Goč-Gvozdac”
No full textUredbom Vlade Republike Srbije šumski kompleks „Goč-Gvozdac” je 2014. godine
proglašen Specijalnim rezervatom prirode I kategorije. On se prostire na površini od 3 957
ha i zauzima skoro ceo sliv Gvozdačke reke. Svrha njegovog osnivanja je zaštita prirode i
edukacija studenata, đaka i građana o potrebi njenog očuvanja. Zahvaljujući kadru i
smeštajnim kapacitetima koje Šumarski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu na Goču poseduje
ovaj cilj se uspešno realizuje.
Na području Specijalnog rezervata prirode prisutne su mnoge reliktne, endemične, retke,
zaštićene i ugrožene vrste biljaka, gljiva i životinja. Među njima su i insekti. Oni se
intenzivno proučavaju u cilju evidencije i zaštite retkih, ugroženih i zaštićenih vrsta.
Njihovim istraživanjem u toku 2021. godine konstatovano je 178 vrsta. Od toga 79 vrsta iz
reda Lepidoptera, 64 iz reda Coleoptera, 20 iz reda Hemiptera, 7 iz reda Odonata, 6 iz reda
Orthoptera i jedna iz reda Neuroptera. Među njima je 11 strogo zaštićenih vrsta (Morimus
asper subsp. funereus Mulsant 1862, Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus 1758) (Coleoptera,
Cerambycidae), Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli 1763) (Coleoptera, Cucujidae), Polyommatus
eros subsp. eroides (Frivaldszky, 1835) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), Boloria titania (Esper,
1793), Brenthis ino (Rottemburg 1775), Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850 (Lepidoptera,
Nymphalidae), Papilio machaon Linnaeus 1758 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), Libelloides
macaronius (Scopoli, 1763) (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) i Tettigonia cantans (Fuessly 1775)
(Orthoptera Tettigoniidae)) i jedna zaštićena (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger 1979
(Odonata, Cordulegastridae)).
Istraživanje faune insekata specijalnog rezervata prirode „Goč-Gvozdac” su nastavljena
tokom 2023. godine. Rezultati koji su tokom tih istraživanja dobijeni, zajedno sa
rezultatima koji su dobijeni 2021. godine, biće u radu prezentovani
Two new hosts of the parasitic fungus Inonotus nidus-pici Pilát in Serbia
No full textPrisustvo parazitske gljive Inonotus nidus-pici je 2013. godine potvrđeno u Srbiji, i to na stablima Quercus cerris, a u ređim slučajevima i na Q. robur. Simptomi koji ukazuju na infekcije I. nidus-pici su od 2013. često registrovani u šumama na području centralne Srbije i pored navedenih domaćina, ova parazitska gljiva je 2022. izolovana i identifikovana sa tri dodatna domaćina iz familije Fagaceae, uključujući Q. frainetto, Q. petraea i Fagus sylvatica. Posebno velike štete zabeležene su na prezrelim stablima i sastojinama Q. cerris i Q. petraea, ali ni ostali domaćini nisu pošteđeni. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati terenskih istraživanja tokom poslednjih godinu dana, gde je parazitska gljiva I. nidus-pici zabeležena na dva nova domaćina u Srbiji: Fraxinus angustifolia i Tilia platyphyllos. Ukazano je na značaj parazitske gljive I. nidus-pici, a diskutovani su i potencijalni faktori koji su doveli do učestale pojave ove gljive u našim urbanim i šumskim ekosistemima. Ključne reči: bela trulež srčike, Inonotus rak, Tilia platyphyllos, Fraxinus angustifolia TWO NEW HOSTS OF THE PARASITIC FUNGUS Inonotus nidus-pici Pilát IN SERBIA Abstract: The presence of the parasitic fungus Inonotus nidus-pici was confirmed in Serbia in 2013 on Quercus cerris, and occasionally on Q. robur trees. Symptoms indicating infections with I. nidus-pici have been frequently registered in forests in central Serbia since 2013. In 2022, besides the aforementioned hosts, this parasitic fungus was isolated and identified on three additional hosts from the Fagaceae family, including Q. frainetto, Q petraea and Fagus sylvatica. Particularly significant damage was recorded on mature trees and stands of Q. cerris and Q. petraea, but other hosts were not spared either. This paper presents the results of field studies during the last season, where the parasitic fungus I. nidus-pici was recorded on two new hosts in Serbia: Fraxinus angustifolia and Tilia platyphyllos. The importance of the parasitic fungus I. nidus-pici was pointed out, and the potential factors that led to the frequent occurrence of this fungus in our urban and forest ecosystems were discussed
Phellinus igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Quél: bioecological characteristics, significance and potential use for medical purposes (medicinal properties)
No full textNajveći broj vrsta roda Phellinus prouzrokuje belu trulež drveta srčike živih stabala, dok manji broj izaziva trulež beljike. Ove vrste spadaju među najznačajnije destruktore drveta u šumama. U Srbiji i Crnoj Gori konstatovano je 15 vrsta, dok je u svetu opisano više od 310 vrsta. U lišćarskim šumama najveći značaj imaju: P. i g ni ar iu s, P. robustus i P. torulosus. P. igniarius parazitira na lišćarskim vrstama drveća, a najčešće se javlja na jovi, divljoj trešnji, bukvi, javoru, jasenu, crnom grabu, topolama, brezi, vrbama, planinskom brestu i Sorbus vrstama. Izaziva belu slojevitu trulež, koja je lokalizovana u srčici, a ređe se širi i u beljici. Inficira najčešće stabla u zrelim sastojinama. Ponekad se infekcija veoma teško uočava, jer se na inficiranim stablima ne obrazuju karpofore. Pored toga što izaziva velike štete u zrelim sastojinama lišćara, ova vrsta ima i lekovita svojstva, pa se u radu ukazuje na mogućnost primene u medicinske svrhe
The influence of the quality of poplar logs on the yield in the production of veneer packiging
No full textPoplar logs of F, L, I and II quality classes were used in the research. The logs are first cut to the
appropriate size and then rotary peeled into standard elements for veneer packaging. According to the
results of the research, a significantly higher quantitative utilization (71.93% and 75.55%) was
obtained with F and L class logs compared to quality class I and II logs (58.83% and 53.69%
respectively). However, according to the corrected coefficients of economic profitability of
processing, it was the least profitable to process logs of F class, followed by class I and finally class II,
while logs of class L were the most profitable for processing
Growth simulator of forest trees and stands „RASTko“: development and parametrization for beech in west Serbia
No full textSimulator rasta šumskih stabala i sastojina „RASTko“ razvijen je i parametrizovan na osnovu podataka o rastu bukve u zapadnoj Srbiji. Istraživanja strukture sastojina i modelovanje rasta stabala realizovani su za ogledne površine u GJ „Istočna Boranja“, Loznica i GJ „MZ Rača“, NP Tara. Analizirana baza podataka sastoji se od detaljnog premera ukupno 66 oglednih polja (OP) odnosno 2,27 ha visokih bukovih šuma. Pored izvrtaka uzetih svim stablima na OPa, rekonstruisani su i tokova rasta i prirasta kod 52 dominantna stabla. Prikupljeni su podaci o rastu bukve na tri geološke podloge- granodioritu, krečnjaku i filitu, a pokrivaju i preko 600 m vertikalne distribucije bukovih sastojina (395-1020 m n.v.), odražavajući na taj način dinamiku rasta stabala i sastojina bukve u gornjim delovima niže brdske zone vegetacije i u celokupnoj nižoj planinskoj zoni. Istraživanja starosne strukture OPa pokazala su da se u 75% slučajeva radi o jednodobnim (25/66) i približno jednodobnim sastojinama (25/66), dok je raznodobna starosna struktura evidentirana kod četvrtine analiziranih OPa (16/66). Pokazano je da iskustvena procena starosti u bukovim sastojinama nije pouzdan metod i da u preko 50% slučajeva dovodi do greške koja je veća od polovine dobnog razreda jednodobnih sastojina. Na formiranje pogrešnog utiska o sastojinskoj starosti najviše utiče gustina sastojine iskazana preko broja stabala. Analizom podataka o dostignutim visinama utvrđeno je da bukva na istraživanom području u zrelim sastojinama dostiže visine preko 40 m, što ova staništa svrstava u jedna od najproizvodnijih za ovu vrstu drveća kod nas i u Evropi. U svrhu kvantifikacije tokova visinskog rasta na istraživanom području testirana je mogućnost primene 7 različitih formi modela dobijenih generalizovanim algebarsko diferencijalnim postupkom (GADA). Nakon postupka višekritrijumskog izbora najbolje dinamične GADA funkcije, formirane su krive stanišnih indeksa. Na osnovu iznosa stanišnog indeksa u 100. godini (SI100) utvrđeno je da bukva na staništima najvećeg proizvodnog potencijala na području ŠG ''Boranja'', Loznica dostižu veće visine u odnosu na bukvu na području NP ''Tara''. Šire posmatrano, bukva na najboljim staništima u zapadnoj Srbiji ima i do 8 m veće iznose SI100 nego na području istočne i centralne Srbije. Dostupni podaci nisu pokazali da postoje statistički značajne razlike u ostvarenim visinama na tipovima staništa mapiranim u okviru GJ „Istočna Boranja“. Da bi se omogućile simulacije rasta stabala bukve izvršena je i kalibracija modela 1) maksimalnog rasta prečnika, 2) promene širine krošnje i 3) rasta početka krošnje. RASTko je formiran kao hibridni simulatora rasta šumskih stabala i sastojina čiji izvršni je napisan u programskom jeziku R. Operativna verzija sa odgovarajućim interfejsom predstavljena je korisnicima u formi interaktivne shiny internet aplikacije. Povezanost modula simulatora prikazana je odgovarajućim algoritmom, a pored toga detaljno su predstavljene i dostupne funkcionalnosti programa. Pokazano je da je primena GADA pristupa prilikom konstrukcije modela visinskog rasta prikladnija je za razvrstavanje staništa po proizvodnosti u odnosu na pristup koji je korišćen prilikom izrade polimorfnih stanišnih indeksa u sklopu simulatora SILVA (Nemačka) i SYBILA (Slovačka). Prva testiranja su pokazala da RASTko funkcioniše na očekivani način i da može da simulira rast stabala i sastojina bukve na području na kojem je vršena parametrizacija modela.The growth simulator of forest trees and stands "RASTko" was developed and parameterized based on data reflecting the beech growth in western Serbia. Investigations of the stand's structure and modelling of tree growth were carried out for sample areas in GJ "Istočna Boranja", Loznica and GJ "MZ Rača", NP Tara. The studied database consists of a detailed survey of 66 sample fields (SP) in total, i.e. 2.27 ha of high beech forests. In addition to the core samples taken from all the trees at the SPs, the growth of 52 dominant trees was also reconstructed. Data were collected on three geological substrates - granodiorite, limestone and phyllite, and they cover over 600 m of the vertical distribution of beech stands (395-1020 m a.s.l.), thus showing the dynamics of beech growth in the upper parts of the lower hilly vegetation zone and the entire lower mountain zone. Investigations of the age structure showed that in 75% of cases, SPs are even-aged (25/66) and approximately same-age stands (25/66), while uneven age structure was recorded in a quarter of the investigated SPs (16/66). It has been shown that the experiential assessment of age in beech forests isn’t a reliable approach, which leads in more than 50% of cases to an error greater than half of the age class for even-aged stands. The wrong impression is primarily influenced by the stand density expressed through the number of trees. The analysis of the heights reached revealed that the beech in the researched area in mature stands reaches a height of over 40 m, which ranks these habitats as one of the most productive for this type of tree in our country and Europe. To quantify the height growth patterns in the researched area, the possibility of applying 7 different forms of models obtained by the generalized algebraic differential procedure (GADA) was tested. After the multi-criteria selection of the best dynamic GADA function, site index curves were formed. Based on the value of the site index in the 100th year (SI100), it was determined that beech at the most productive sites in the area of ŠG "Boranja", Loznica reached greater heights compared to the beech in the area of NP "Tara". More broadly, beech growth at the best sites in western Serbia is up to 8 m higher than SI100 values in Eastern and Central Serbia. The available data did not show statistically significant differences in heights along site types mapped for GJ "Istočna Boranja". To enable simulations of the beech growth, the model of 1) maximum growth of diameter, 2) changes in crown width and 3) growth of the crown base was calibrated. RASTko was formed as a hybrid individual tree growth simulator coded in the R programming language. The operational version with the appropriate interface is presented to users as an interactive shiny internet application. The relation between simulator modules is shown with the descriptive algorithm, and in addition, the available functionalities of the program are presented in detail. It has been discussed that the GADA approach in the height growth modelling is more suitable for classifying habitats by productivity compared to the approach used during the creation of polymorphic habitat indices as part of the SILVA (Germany) and SYBILA (Slovakia) simulators. The first tests showed that RASTko works expectedly and can simulate the growth of trees and beech stands in the area where the model was parameterized
Alien eating alien - rapid spread of Aceria fraxiniflora , a non-native gall mite of the invasive green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ) in Central-Eastern Europe
No full textThe North American gall mite Aceria fraxiniflora was first recorded in Europe in southeast Hungary in 2017. Since then, it has shown a remarkably rapid spread on its host, the also North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). By the beginning of 2023 it has been recorded in eight Central-Eastern European countries. In 2022 it was recorded on the other North American ash (Fraxinus Americana) in Zagreb (Croatia) and in Szarvas Arboretum (SE Hungary). Possible reasons and outcomes of this spread are discussed
Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on forest fires in conditions of extreme fire danger on sandy soils
No full textForests on sandy soils are particularly vulnerable to fire. The study area in this research was Deliblatska pescara (the Deliblato Sands), one of the most endangered areas in Serbia. The linear trends, the polynomial trends and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were applied. Statistically significant decrease in the number of forest fires was found, while the increasing trends of the burned area and burned forest area were not significant. There was also an increase in the air temperature during the same period. In a study of the connection between forest fires and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), significant values of r were statistically observed only for the annual number of fires. The highest values were recorded for June (-0.373) and July (-0.375), and for summer r = -0.374 (statistically significant at p & LE; .01). As for the AMO in the main fire season (February-August), r = -0.331 (statistically significant at p & LE; .01). In settlements in Deliblatska pescara area, there were trends of the decreasing number of inhabitants, agricultural population, and agricultural households in the investigated period. These trends contribute to the reduction of fire risk. The r value between the dynamics of the number of fires and the population is .50 (statistically significant at p & LE; .01). The reduced agricultural activity contributes to the reduction of fire risk, while increased tourist presence is a risk factor