Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Socio-economic characteristics of forestry companies in the republic of Serbia
No full textConsidering that companies in the sector of forestry and the related sector of wood processing exist in a dynamic and changing economic environment, the ability of fast adaptability to the emerging changes is a prerequisite for efficient and effective business. In that sense, a wholesome review of internal factors, as well as the external ones, is important for creating business strategies and achieving a better market and competitive positioning. In order to provide insight into the socio-economic characteristics and the market environment in which they operate, 32 companies from the field of forestry and wood processing in the central Serbia have been analysed. The goal of this research was to gain insight into the opinions and attitudes of the respondents from companies towards particular aspects of the market. The purpose of this research was to acknowledge and understand the market environment in which the analysed companies operate, and to define the recommendations for future management. The object of this research were companies in the field of forestry and wood processing, the opinions and reviews on raw material purchase, product placement, attitudes towards purchase procedures and so on
Sensitivity analysis of roads to snowdrifts in the autonomous province Vojvodina area, republic of Serbia
No full textSuccessful planning and maintenance of roads in winter conditions require knowledge of the factors that cause snowdrifts and their complex interactions. For this reason, analyses of snowdrift formations rely on the simplification of empirical and analytical patterns of mutual relations between the snowdrift formation factors. This paper analyzes snowdrift endangerment of the state road network in the Autonomous Province (AP) of Vojvodina, through which the important international roads E-75, E-70 and E-662 pass. High wind speeds, low forest cover and flat terrain make AP Vojvodina highly susceptible to snowdrifts. The formation factors of snowdrifts that cause snow drifting in this area, namely the quantity of transported snow, wind speed and extreme winter temperatures, were analyzed. Data on wind speed and extreme winter temperatures from 11 climatological stations were analyzed for the winter period from 2000/2001 to 2019/2020. As one of the principal factors in the formation of snowdrifts, the quantity of transported snow was calculated based on data on the height of the snow cover for these stations and the research period. The sensitivity of each snowdrift factor was calculated using fuzzy logic. Thereafter, the overall sensitivity of the road network to the formation of snowdrifts was determined by synthesizing the sensitivity to each of the selected factors of snowdrift formation (sensitivity to the quantity of transported snow, wind speed and extreme winter temperatures) and was classified into five classes (very low, low, medium, high and very high). The highest degree of sensitivity to the formation of snowdrifts in AP Vojvodina was observed on the roads in South Banat. By identifying the road network sections at greater risk of snowdrifts, this research can serve as a valuable guideline for developing management plans during the winter period. Understanding the potential hazards posed by snowdrifts can help in implementing measures to ensure the safety of road users and minimize the environmental impact associated with road maintenance activities, thus contributing to sustainability and environmental protection
Bio-digital Land Art Installation Inspired by Dandelion Leaf
No full textToday, as always throughout the history of nature, it is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. One of the main goals of creating new biophilic/biomimetic forms inspired by natural structures and patterns is to create a positive psychological impact on people (especially in urban areas) by using geometrical methods and the graphical representation of the plants should convey the symbolism of life. With the progress of civilization and the development of digital technologies, significant biodesign is growing rapidly and becoming necessary in the humanization of today's sustainable way of life. This paper deals with leaf of dandelion (Leontodon taraxacum L.) as bio-inspiration to gain land-art installation as result by using digital modelling throughout Blender, SketchUp and Lumion software tools
Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research-Performance Review
No full textRainfall simulators represent often-used equipment for soil research. Depending on their performance, they could be appropriate for some soil research or not. The aim of this research is to provide insight into the capabilities of existing dripping rainfall simulators (DRS) to mimic natural rainfall and the frequency of simulated rainfalls of certain characteristics, facilitate the selection of rain simulators that would best meet the needs of soil research and to reach a step closer to the standardization of rainfall simulators. DRS performance was analyzed integrally, for simulators with more than one dripper (DRS gt 1) and with one dripper (DRS=1). A statistical analysis was performed for the performance of the DRS, wetted area, drop size, rainfall intensity, duration and kinetic energy. The analysis showed that DRS can provide rainfall that corresponds to natural rainfall, except in terms of the drop size distribution and wetted area. However, usually there are more factors that do not correspond to natural rainfall, such as the median drop size, volume and kinetic energy. Metal and plastic tubes (MT and PT) as the most present dripper types showed a strong relation between the outer diameter (OD) and drop size, while the inner diameter (ID) relation was moderate-to-weak. However, when increasing the range of MT drippers, for diameter size, the relation significance becomes very strong for bouts ID and OD. With the increase in the ID of PT, the relation deviates from the logarithmic curve that represents all drippers together. The sizes of the drops generated by the drippers are mostly in the range between 2 and 6 mm, while the number of drops smaller than 2 mm is relatively small. The intensity and duration of the simulated rain can be successfully produced to match natural values, with the most frequently simulated short-term rainfall of a high intensity. Most simulations were conducted at a fall height of up to 2 m, and then their number gradually decreases as the height gets closer to 5 m. Most simulations (58.6%) occur in the range between 20-90% KE, then 33.0% in a range of 90-100%, with only 8.4% lower than 20% KE
Influence of age, habitat elevation, and distance to a thermal power plant on pathomorphological findings in the European brown hare ( Lepuseuropaeus P.)
No full textThe lifespan of the European hare (Lepus europaeus P.) is affected by a number of negative factors, including pollutants. In this paper, the individual and joint influence of age and habitat (elevation and distance from the thermal power plant - TPP) on pathomorphological findings of hares shot during three hunting seasons was investigated. Pathomorphological changes were found in 95.12% of hares. In hares up to 1 year of age, the changes were predominant in the lungs, and in older hares, in the kidneys. Degenerative changes in kidneys and liver and inflammatory changes in kidneys and lungs were considered important most in discussing the influence of chemical pollution. The proximity of TPP influenced the type of changes in the liver. A significant joint effect of age and elevation on the type of changes in the lungs of adult hares and on the heart of young hares was found. Elevation and distance from TPP had a joint effect on the occurrence of changes in the lungs, intestines, and heart in hares from the field farther from TPP. The results indicate that the hares were highly exposed to chemical pollutants that may affect their immunity, and lifespan
Genetic variability and degradation drivers for conserving and managing oak populations at the landscape of outstanding features "Kosmaj" (Serbia)
No full textIdentification and quantification of the factors that influence genetic diversity is particularly important for the representatives of the genus Quercus L. In this genus, the characterization of the genetic diversity correlations can serve as a basis for predictive models of its distribution. The adaptive and neutral genetic variability of four autochthonous oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, Q. pubescens Willd. – pubescent oak, Q. frainetto Ten. – Hungarian oak, Q. cerris L. – Turkey oak) was studied at the Landscape of Outstanding Features (LOF) "Kosmaj" in Serbia. This study aimed to test to which degree the inter- and intraspecific genetic variability of oaks is the result of the genotype influence, local habitat conditions, environmental factors, population management practices, and the historical processes that the analyzed populations have gone through. In total, 247 individuals of the four selected oak species were investigated. Adaptive variability was studied using geometric morphometric methods (landmarks and outlines), and neutral variability using nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs). The results showed that the adaptive variability of oaks at the LOF "Kosmaj" is related to habitat characteristics, environmental conditions, and oak population management practices, while neutral variability analysis showed relatively high genetic diversity levels of all studied oak species. The consistency of the results obtained using adaptive and neutral genetic markers, and the consistency of the obtained results with previously published data on genetic variability of oaks was also observed. The results suggest that the effective conservation of oak genetic resources at the LOF "Kosmaj" requires coordinated efforts of the forestry, environmental and nature protection sectors. An important goal is the determination of priority species, populations and areas for the conservation of oak genetic resources in the form of in situ conservation units and ex situ methods, within a coherent program and in accordance with national policies and the biological capabilities of each species
Preview of medicinal plants within lowland pedunculate oak forests and their useful properties
No full textThe study related to medicinal plants was carried out at the area of Gornji Srem within three
management units: MU „Blata-Malovanci“ (forest type Carpino-Fraxino-Quercetum roboris
caricetosum remotae), MU „Raškovica-Smogvica“ (forest type Fraxino-Quercetum roboris
aceretosum) and MU „Vinična-Žeravinac Puk“ (forest type Carpino-Fraxino-Quercetum
roboris caricetosum remotae). At the area of Gornji Srem in the middle of 30’s last century
protective embankment was built which eliminated flooding influence. As a result, vegetation
is supplied with water mainly from groundwater and precipitation. There were recorded 139
medicinal plants that originate from 43 families. The aim of the paper is to determine useful
properties of medicinal plants. The analysis of mentioned features of medicinal plants was
conducted according to generally accepted methodology (Ranđelović et al., 2002) that all
medicinal herbal drugs classified into 14 groups. Based on obtained results, the largest
number of medicinal plants act on the digestive organs and cardiovascular system, and then
follow drugs that treat problems with the skin, excretory and respiratory organs. Only one
herb belongs to the category of antihistamines, while phytoncide herbs, galactose and drugs
for improving the flavour and taste of various medicines have two representatives each. It
should be noted that certain medicinal taxa have a wide range of useful properties and
simultaneously treat several different health problems
Environment protection and energetic stability in Serbia In context of construction of derivative mini hydropower plants
No full textProces izgradnje malih hidroelektrana dominantno derivacionog tipa, u brdsko planinskoim predelima Srbije, doveo je do bojnih negativnih uticaja na životnu sredinu...
Review of Scolytinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Serbia
No full textThe list of Scolytinae of Serbia was made based on the data that has been published so far and the unpublished data collected in the period from 1991 to 2023. In it, 96 species are listed in total. The Scolytinae fauna has not been sufficiently studied in Serbia. It is presumed that there are about 20 more species present in Serbian fauna
Maples (Acer L.) in the streets of central part of Beograde: Conditions and functionality
No full textOvim radom istraženo je postojeće stanje i funkcionalnost drvorednih stabala javora (Acer L.) koji se koriste za ozelenjavanje ulica koje su najfrekventnije u pogledu intenziteta saobraćaja, načina korišćenja i mera održavanja zelenila (ulicama I i II reda) na teritoriji opštine Stari grad (Beograd). Na istraženom području od ukupno 39 ulica ovih kategorija, drvoredi javora zastupljeni su u dve od 15 ulica I reda i u 10 od 24 ulice II reda. Utvrđeno je da je ukupan broj drvorednih stabala, koje pripadaju vrstama iz ovog roda 735. Evidentirane su 4 vrste javora: Acer pseudoplatanus L, Acer platanoides L, Acer campestre L. i Acer saccharinum L. Najzastupljenija vrsta ovde je A. pseudoplatanus sa ukupno 442 (60,1%) stabla, srednje ocene vitalnosti 3,6. Zatim slede: A. platanoides sa 213 (28,9%) evidentiranih stabala i srednjom ocenom vitlanosti 3,5; A. campestre sa 72 (9,8%) evidentirana stabla i ocenom 3,1 i A. saccharinum sa 8 (1,09%) drvorednih stabala i ocenom 2,3. Utvrđeno je da je jedan od glavnih faktora smanjenja funkcionalnosti drvorednih stabala javora na istraženom području primena mere nege prevršavanje kruna, što potvrđuju i druga istraživanja.This research investigated the existing conditions and functionality of rows of maple trees (Acer L.) (which are traditionally used in our country for urban greening) in the streets that are the most frequent in terms of traffic intensity, ways of use and measures to maintain greenery (streets of the I and II order) on the territory of the municipality of Stari grad (Belgrade). In the investigated area a total of 39 streets of these categories were surveyed. Rows of maple trees are represented in 2 out of 15 streets of the I order and in 10 out of 24 streets of the II order. It was determined that the total number of trees belonging to the species of this genus is 735. Maple species recorded are: Acer pseudoplatanus L, Acer platanoides L, Acer campestre L. and Acer saccharinum L. The most represented species here is A. pseudoplatanus with a total of 442 (60.13%) trees, and an average vitality score of 3.6. They are followed by: A. platanoides with 213 (28.98%) recorded trees and an average vitality score of 3.5, A. campestre with 72 (9.80%) recorded trees and a rating of 3.1 and A. saccharinum with 8 (1.09%) trees and a rating of 2.3. One of the main factors in reducing the functionality of maple tree street rows in the study area was the application of the tree topping care measure