Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Ecological Evaluation of the Sustainability of City Forests
No full textThe Kosutnjak forest in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, with an area of 259 ha, provides ecological and social benefits to its inhabitants, but its composition has changed in the last 20 years: forest areas have decreased, people have become irresponsible towards the forest and forest soil, and forest degradation is evident. The question is whether the forest has the potential to regenerate and survive. The horizontal assessment of attributes was carried out using data from the official forest database of the administrative unit "Kosutnjak (2007-2016)", which, in conjunction with the basic forest, defines indicators of change, stability, and self-renewal, which assume sustainability and can be a useful tool for sustainable forest management. The attributes and indicators are processed on a three-level alphanumeric scale in Microsoft Excel, and the data collected and analyzed are mapped using ArcGis 9.3. The ability of forests to survive without human intervention was evaluated using the EEFS method of ecological assessment of forest sustainability, which was used for the first time in this study. The results showed that forest change was significant, stability was medium, and self-renewal was low on most sections, so forest sustainability was rated as unlikely. The EEFS method used provided results that can form the basis for a forest management strategy in the city and a platform for the long-term monitoring of forest condition
Wood energy consumption and GHG emissions from wood fuels used for heating purposes in eastern Serbia
No full textThis paper contains the research results on wood energy consumption in the region of Eastern Serbia during the heating season 2020/2021. The aim of the research was to collect data on the types, amounts, and values of wood fuels being consumed in this region in Serbia, as well as GHG emissions from their combustion. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained: total consumption of wood fuels for energy purposes in Eastern Serbia in heating season 2020/2021 was the following: firewood 1.07 million m(3); wood pellets 34,419 tonnes, wood chips 2,205 tonnes, wood briquettes 127 tonnes and sawdust 13,203 tonnes. The average consumption of wood energy per 1m(2) of heating surface in households in Eastern Serbia amounts to 232.6 kWh/m(2) (a) in urban households and 242.9 kWh/m(2) (a) in other households. Such high values of the wood energy consumption are unsatisfactory because they are beyond the values of the last class of the energy passport for residential buildings [G class gt 188 kWh/m(2) (a)].Total CO2 emissions from the wood fuels combustion in Eastern Serbia during the heating season 2020/2021 are estimated to be 1.3 million tonnes
Variability of morpho - anatomical features of needles of Pinus nigra (black pine) in the area of Jastrebac and Goč mountains in central Serbia
No full textIn this paper the variability of morphological (needle length and needle width) and anatomical (resin ducts width,epidermis thickness, hypodermis height,number of the hypodermis layersand needle thickness) properties of Pinus nigraJ.F. Arnold (black pine)needles were studied at the intra-and inter-population levels. Two mountainsin Serbia, Jastrebac and Goč, were selected as experimental plots. Three Pinus nigratrees were selected from both localities (6 in total). Obtained results showed that trees on Goč had bigger dimensions of the following elements: needle length, slightly wider needle width, epidermis thickness, hypodermis height, number of hypodermis layersand needle thickness. On the other hand, resin ducts were onlyslightly widerby the trees from Jastrebac. The results of the analysis of variance showed that variationbetween studied populations, as well as variation between trees within populations was statistically significantfor all needle traits except resin ducts width and hypodermis heigh
Seasonal variations of flowering of Amorpha fruticosa L. as an indicator of global warming in blue-green infrastructure
No full textThe research of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is of utmost importance in the design of local
landscapes with a mixture of human and natural pressures. The design refers to the set
combining forest communities, agricultural land, meadows and green areas interconnected by
environmental corridors. BGI plays a decisive role in protecting and enhancing biodiversity,
as it can counteract fragmentation and build and strengthen relationships and interactions
between isolated elements. The paper investigates the seasonal variations in the flowering
phenophase of Amorpha fruticosa L. (indigo bush) acting as an element of the BGI of
Belgrade between the main road M19 and the right bank of the Sava River from Ada
Ciganlija to Umka. It describes the phenomenon of indigo bush reblooming, with the first and
repeated flowering being recorded and analyzed. Quantitative characteristics of its
inflorescence and flowers differ in several ways. Reblooming is an ancestral trait but also an
indicator of global warming. It has not yet been used in indigo bush breeding because it
rarely occurs in blue-green infrastructure. The analysis of the spatial grid and seasonal
variations of indigo bush flowering phenological patterns proved to have practical use in
monitoring BGI performance and support to decision-making, management and landscape
design
The influence of particleboard squareness on the edge bonding quality
No full textThis paper shows the influence of the squareness of wood-based panels on the quality of edge
bonding. Edge bonding of wood-based panels can be done by applying different types of adhesives
and using different types of edge materials. The number of factors that affect the quality of bonding is
large. Analysis of wood-based panels squareness after processing by pre-cutters, as well as the
position of the roller for applying glue to the panels, was analyzed. The static analysis showed that
there is a significant influence of the measured parameters on the strength of the edge bonding quality.
Variation of the observed factor, leads to a change in the quality of the bonding quality. The highest
strength of the glued joint was shown by the samples with the smallest angular deviation of the edge to
the wider side of the panel. The minimum strength that the edge bonding should require are not
defined by the standard
Population viability of red deer as a free-ranging population in the Obedska bara region of Vojvodina, Serbia
No full textRed deer populations in Vojvodina are continuously present in the forested
areas of the province, mainly within fenced enclosures with stock sizes fluctuating around 4,000 individuals, while established free-ranging populations
throughout the province being up to five times less abundant (total estimated
stock being up to 5,000 individuals). South of the Danube and Sava rivers, their
populations frequently go locally extinct due to illegal hunting and habitat degradation. According to established state priorities for artiodactyls as followed up
by the dominant management authority in the region (JP “Vojvodinašume”), we
assessed red deer viability in the Obedska bara region (cc. 360 km2). Presently,
around 190 red deer are present in fenced enclosures, up to 30 are free ranging.
First we assessed a habitat suitability profile for the area. We used five readily
available forest management factors – urbanised and agricultural areas were
separately assessed. Additionally, two factors related to anthropogenic pressure and disturbance were scored based on data obtained through fieldwork.
Optimally suitable habitat patches were identified. Second, we used a spatially
explicit demographic model with quantitative parameters following recently
proposed and consensually accepted modelling guidelines, for viable and persistent free-ranging red deer populations. The full model for the area was
iterated with a complex protocol of initial conditions over a time span of 15 full
generations under a proposed regime of demographic and environmental stochasticity (20%). Four suitable demes, widely differing in size with sporadically
present inter-deme dispersion were identified. Average HS values for the four
demes were 8.11/10. Roughly 66% of the area was unsuitable for red deer, while
22% was at least moderately suitable (> 7.5/10). The predicted best-case capacities for HS values greater than 7.5/10, were around 155 individuals (≈0.5 individuals per km2 for the whole area, 1.13 ind. per km2 for suitable demes area). The
overall meta-population was viable for initial conditions for at least K/8 with
ER < 10%. Two of the four demes had average occupancy < 20 time steps and
ER >> 10%). The estimated MVP of the overall population is between 14 and 20
individuals with initial sex-ratios of 3:1 (pre-reproductive females to pre-reproductive males) for ER < 10%. The area has moderately high habitat suitability for
free-ranging red deer. Factors related to anthropogenic pressure were the most
important HS determinants. Synchronization of adaptive management practices
is considered the most effective strategy for maintaining a continuous red deer
presence with sufficient abundances
Ecological and economic effects of applying the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (FAPSMS): The case of Barička river basin
No full textIt is necessary to harmonize the needs of society in terms of agriculturalproduction and land protection from various forms of degradation.Assessing the justifi cation of investment in sustainable management ofland resources is an important step in that process. Consequently, in thesuburban area of the morphological unit of the Barička river basin, ananalysis of soil erosion risk was carried out using the Revised Universal SoilLoss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structureof agricultural production according to the Future Agricultural ProductionStructure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources forMountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS). The value of the existingand projected production structure from the economic aspect was alsoexamined, using dynamic economic methods. In order to assess the riskand uncertainty of investments, a sensitive analysis of dynamic methodswas carried out. The results of the research showed that soil erosion lossesare already below tolerance values with the existing production structureand that they could be reduced even more by applying the designedstructure. Economic indicators have shown that the investment is justifiedand that it is more sensitive to changes in income
Point Or Nonpoint Pollution – What Is The Dominant Source Of Macronutrients In The Sediments Of Drainage Canals?
No full textIn the lowland, predominantly agricultural area of Vojvodina, 2.15 million ha, (northern part of Serbia), the
water-air regime of the soil is maintained by means of a network of drainage canals with a total length of
over 22000 km. Most of the catchment areas of these canals are located on arable land and under the
influence of Non Point Source Pollution (NPSP) from agriculture, while certain canal are exposed to Point
Source Pollution (PSP) from settlements or industrial zones. Low water flow velocities and other impacts
favor the deposition of sediments in the canals. Accumulation and increase in the concentration of nutrients
and other dangerous and harmful substances occurs in deposited sediments, with negative environmental
consequences.
About 100 sediment samples were collected and analyzed, an equal number from canals under the
influence of NPSP from agricultural areas and from canals into which untreated wastewater from
settlements and industry (PSP) is discharged.
The following concentrations were found in the sediment samples. NPSP canals from agriculture: nitrogen,
N in the range 0.03-1.14% (average 0.27%); phosphorus, P2O5: 5.2-183.0 (29.4) mg/100g; potassium, K2O:
3.5-107.0 (24.2) mg/100g. These concentrations are on average 1.1-1.6 times higher than values
characteristic of the surrounding arable soil (chernozem). Significantly higher concentrations of parameters
were found in sediment samples from PSP canals, N: 0.08-1.22 (0.53)%; P2O5: 4.3-265.0 (58.1) mg/100g;
K2O: 7.7-382.0 (48.8) mg/100g. These values are 2.1-3.1 times higher than the corresponding values in
arable soil. That is, nutrient concentrations in PSP canal sediments were 1.5-3.5 times higher than
concentrations in NPSP canals.
The impact of agriculture as a NPSP on elevated concentrations of nutrients in canal sediments is evident.
However, in Vojvodina, the processes of accumulation and increase nutrient concentration in sediments are
much more pronounced in PSP drainage canals that are under the influence of urban areas (PSP)
Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (Fapsms) Impact On Soil Erosion
No full textVarious models of sustainable soil management are being applied in the world. They are aimed to preventthe erosion destruction of the soil through adequate processing methods, with appropriate yields and positiveeconomic effects of such production. Conservation of soil on sloped terrains is of great importance, especiallyhaving in mind that mountain soils are home to 25% of all terrestrial biodiversity, including agrobiodiversity.Sustainable agricultural management needs to account for site specific characteristics, including topographicfactors and coexisting biotopes. In Serbia the trend of people leaving rural households and moving to citiesbecame increased during the second half of the twentieth century that led to a change in soil use so that theareas under meadows, orchards and vineyards were increased at the expense of areas under arable soils andpastures so the intensity of erosion processes have decreased. However, soil erosion is still very widespreadin Serbia. More than 86% of Serbia's surface is affected by erosion of different intensity. According toGavrilović’s erosion potential method, soil erosion endangerment of research area of Barička river basin isin the category of medium erosion endangerment. The aim of this study is to determine existing soil erosionrisk and risk after application of Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect ofPreserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS), in the suburban area of themorphological unit of the Barička river watershed, in Serbia. An analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out,using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structureof agricultural production according to the FAPSMS. The results show that soil erosion losses are alreadybelow tolerance values with the existing production structure and that they could be reduced even more byapplying the projected structure.[https://sediment.ru/posts/basenet2023/
Impacts of mining on soil and water – ecosystem services approach
No full textSoil and water resources are fundamental to our survival and well-being. Degradation and depletion of
these resources can be associated with mining activities. Mining is essential part of modern society as it
provides a wide range of minerals and valuable resources that are used for energy production, building and
construction, transportation etc. Exploration, drilling, blasting, excavation, transporting, and processing are
all stages in the life cycle of a mine which can have significant impact on both, soil and water resources, as
well as biodiversity, air qualty and cultural heritage. At the end of a mine’s useful life, the closure stage
begins rehabiliting the site to minimize its impact on the environment.
This work analyse how the ecosystem services provided by soil and water resource are impacted by mining
activities during the useful life of the mine and after the closure of the mine. Identification of both, negative
impacts on the ecosystem services, as well as positive impacts due to post-mining land restoration (through
reforestation, revegetation, and erosion control) is performed. This research is critical for planning
mitigation efforts to improve ecosystem services provided by soil and water resources, as well as to
identify pathways for sustainable mining