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The quest for ecological integrity as a landscape scale tool for meeting green agenda in Serbia
No full textThe Green Agenda (GA) is the contemporary road map for increasing
awareness of the emergent need for more actions that have the potential to create climate
change-resilient landscapes. One of the main sections of the GA positions ecosystems as
an entity that contributes to regulating climate change and combating land degradation.
However, ecosystems should not be treated as isolated issues but rather as constitutive parts
of the landscape as a whole unity. The landscape as a spatial order is in synthesis planning
phases still often divided through partial elements and its sensitivity is presented as an
expression of single aspects which blurs the wider picture of the landscape and ecosystem
services. There is a lack of methods and techniques that provide a synthetic approach to the
territorial sensitivity of the landscape. In this research, the concept of ecological integrity
is applied as one of the tendencies which seeks to contribute to a different perspective
on landscape resilience. The concept of ecological integrity (EI) has come a long way in
recent decades and in the contemporary context presents a holistic instrument that could
be useful for assessment of the landscape resilience. EI is operationalized through the
valorization of composition, structure, and function in this case of landscape elements. The
composition can be assessed using Species habitat index (SHI) which presents the degree of
change in the set of species within an ecosystem and captures alterations in the ecological
intactness. The structure presents a quantitative expression of the heterogeneous matrix
that is valorized using a set of landscape metrics. The function can be assessed based on
Land degradation neutrality (LDN) principles which define the loss of productive capacity
of the land resources. The research contributes to the methodology of defining EI, which
enables a relevant assessment of landscape resilience and provides important foundations
for landscape planning and management processes
On the Other Side of Mirror – A Workshop on Incorporating Geometry of Mirroring in Architectural Practice and Applied Arts
No full textThe magic world of mirrors, their application, integration in interiors and exposure in exteriors, intrigues architectural designers and artists for a long time. Inspired with wide recent usages of mirrors in innovative architectural designs practice, as well as in arts, and grounded our understanding on well-known geometric/optic principles of mirroring, the authors conceptualized a Workshop that was offered to students of architecture, forestry and applied arts, as an extracurricular two-weeks activity. After briefly introducing a historical/chronological overview of mirrors application in architectural design practice and applied art, relevant theoretical aspects of mirroring were demonstrated on the Workshop. The participating students were offered two possibilities for integration of mirrors in their design-outcomes: to experiment with analogue models and digital/computing ones. For that reason, a large amount of small glass mirror parts was provided. Also, functional parametric families of digital mirrors (planar, concave and convex) were developed especially for the workshop and offered on-line. Particular foci of this paper are on both: the teaching methodology that was exclusively prepared for the Workshop, and specific usage of experimentation (to trigger unusual ideas and to utilize relevant familiar methods and procedural activities in the new – this context). In the discussion part of this study, a systematized overview of the Workshop results and its analysis from geometric and semantic point of view are given. The results are divided into: first interim critique, second interim critique and final submission. Through a generalization of conclusions, the lessons learned, namely, the level of subject-related geometric knowledge acquired from this unique teaching experience are reviewed, and an analysis of their possible applications in other pedagogic contexts related to geometry-teaching is presented
New Orchid Taxa For Montenegro
No full textMontenegro represents one of the centers of the vascular flora diversity in the Balkan
Peninsula, which presupposes possible discoveries of new orchid taxa on the territory of this
country. Field research from 2021 to 2023 registered four new species of orchids for
Montenegro: Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó, Gymnadenia densiflora (Wahlenb.) A. Dietr.,
Ophrys archipelagi Gölz & H. R. Reinhard. and Ophrys grammica (B. Willing & E. Willing)
Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers. On the slopes of the Sinjajevina Mt, near the village of Krnja
jela at 1293 m a.s.l., D. fuchsii was recorded. A small population of this species grew along the edge of the local road through a mixed deciduous forest dominated by mountain maple and
beech. This Eurasian species has been recorded in most countries of the Balkan Peninsula in
the last ten years. Due to the great morphological similarity with other taxa of the D. maculata
(L.) Soó complex, for which there are numerous findings throughout this area, it is assumed
that this species is much more common in Montenegro and neighboring countries. G. densiflora
is a Eurasian species, but rare in the Balkan Peninsula. Its presence has been confirmed for
North Macedonia in 2022, and in 2023 for Serbia. This species inhabits mainly montane
alkaline swamps and often occurs syntopically with the closely related and morphologically
similar species G. conopsea (L.) R. Br., and it is assumed that a certain number of its findings
have been attributed to another species. The first finding of G. densiflora for Montenegro is
from 2021, from the Durmitor Mt, near Jablan Lake at 1836 m a.s.l. A population of about 50
individuals was recorded in humid subalpine meadows, which grew together with two other
orchid taxa: D. cordigera (Fr.) Soó subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Soó and G. rhellicani (Teppner &
E. Klein) Teppner & E. Klein. The presence of O. archipelagi in the territory of Montenegro
was confirmed in 2021 in the Morača River canyon. The population of this species numbered
around 100 individuals and developed along the edges of field roads, in thinned areas of
maquis, and on rocky meadows on limestone. This species was described in 1986 from the
island of Korčula and is an Illyrian-Apennine endemic, with distribution in southeastern Italy
and southern Dalmatia. O. grammica was recorded for the first time in 2022, at 823 m a.s.l., in
degraded stands of Italian oak and black ash on the eroded limestone slopes of the Garač Mt.
The species was recorded for the first time in 2022. It belongs to the morphologically very
diverse complex of the species O. sphegodes and was described as an endemic of Greece. Until
recently, it was known only for the area of this country, however, in addition to the findings for
Montenegro, it was registered in 2023 on several localities in Eastern Serbia. Both newly
recorded taxa of the genus Ophrys are taxonomically problematic species. Different authors
treat them either as species or synonymize them with other taxa or include them as taxa of a
lower rank, so extensive taxonomic research of this group of orchids should be undertaken in
the entire Balkan Peninsula to resolve their taxonomic status
Drop Size Generated by Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research–Review
No full textDripping rainfall simulators (DRS) are important instruments in soil research.Depending of their performance they could be appropriate forsome soil research or not. Therefore, a large number of non-standardizedDRS have been developed. The major component of simulator are drippersthat come in a various type and size with diff erent modifi cations. The aimof research is to provide insight into the mechanism and ability of DRS drippersto generate drops of different diameters and the factors that affectit as are dripper size, type and dripping speed. Drippers performance wasanalyzed integrally, for simulators with more than one dripper (DRS>1) andwith one dripper (DRS=1). The analysis showed that DRS can provide dropsthat corresponds to natural rainfalls. The sizes of the drops generated bydrippers are mostly in the range between 2 and 6 mm, while the numberof drops smaller than 2 mm is relatively small. Metal tubes (MT) are themost present, after which plastic tubes (PT) follow. They showed strongcorrelation of outer diameter (OD) with drop size, while ID correlation ismoderate to weak. It is observed that with the increase of the ID of PT therelation deviates from the logarithmic curve that represents all drippertypes together. Also, although the applied dripping intensity difference is quite big for MT, drop size does not differ much. On the other hand, PTgenerate much bigger difference in drop size for less drastic change indripping intensity. Considering MT drippers generally have a thinner wallthen PL or glass tube (GT) drippers the thickness of tube wall is imposedas a reason for such deviation
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YEW (TAXUS BACCATA L.) SEEDS FROM URBAN TREES
No full textTaxus baccata L. je retka vrsta u šumama Srbije i uživa status zaštićene vrste kao tercijarni relikt. Nasuprot njenom prirodnom staništu, u parkovima je zastupljena vrsta. Tisa je dvodoma vrsta koja plodonosi svake ili svake druge godine, a semeje okruženo mesnatim crvenim omotačem koji je izuzetno atraktivnog izgleda.Podaci o morfološkim karakteristikama semena tise su ograničeni na mali brojliteraturnih izvora usled retkog sakupljanja semena i značajno češćeg razmnožavanja vegetativnim putem. Sa ciljem da se istraži varijabilnost morfoloških karakteristika semena i diverzitet semena tise u urbanim sredinama, izvršeno jesakupljanje semena tokom jeseni 2021. godine sa ukupno 13 stabala tise (11 stabala iz Beograda i po jedno iz Novog Sada i Vrdnika). Morfološke karakteristikesemena (dužina i širina semena i prečnik ožiljka na semenu) sa ovih stabala nalaze se u granicama vrednosti koje su prijavljene u literaturi za seme tise. Značajnavarijabilnost u karakteristikama semena između posmatranih stabala je dokazana primenom jednofaktorijalne analize varijanse, a potom je izvršeno grupisanje primenom post-hoc Tukey HSD testa. Pojedina stabla koja se prostorno nalaze blizujedno drugom, pokazala su veći stepen sličnosti semena u odnosu na prostornoudaljena stabla, što je ispitano primenom klaster analize (Tree Clustering, SingleLinkage-Euclidean distances).Taxus baccata L. is a rare species in the forests of Serbia and enjoys the status of a protected species as a tertiary relic. In contrast to its natural habitat, this speciesis widespread in the parks. Yew is a dioecious species that bears fruit every yearor every other year, and the seeds are surrounded by a fleshy red covering that isextremely attractive. Data on the morphological characteristics of yew seeds arelimited to a small number of literature sources due to the infrequent collection ofseeds and significantly more frequent vegetative reproduction. Aiming to investigate the variability of morphological characteristics of seeds and the diversity of yewseeds in urban areas, seed collection was carried out during the fall of 2021 froma total of 13 yew trees (11 trees from Belgrade and one each from Novi Sad andVrdnik). Morphological characteristics of seeds (length and width of seeds anddiameter of seed scar) from these trees are within the range of values reported inthe literature for yew seeds. Significant variability in seed characteristics betweenthe observed trees was proven using one-factor analysis of variance, and then grouping was performed using the post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Individual trees that are spatially close to each other showed a higher degree of seed similarity compared to spatially distant trees, which was examined using cluster analysis (Tree Clustering, Single Linkage-Euclidean distances)
No full textU radu je izvršena brza identifikacija polimernog materijala na bazi akrilonitri butadie stiren kaučuka (ABS)primenom testa gorenja. Pretpostavljeno je da se preliminarna identifikacija komer-cijalnih, duromernih materijala na bazi ABS može izvesti ispitivanjem ponašanja uzoraka u otvore-nom plamenu. Na osnovu uvida u tehničku dokumentacijuproizvođača, kao polazna smernica za brzu identifikaciju, smatralo se da su ispitivani uzorci od kompaundiranih ABS, uz prisustvo neor-ganskih filera i/ili drugih aditivašto je trebalo ispititiprimenom testa gorenja. Pretpostavljeno je da prisustvo punila i aditiva u polimernom materijalu na bazi ABS utiču na ponašanje ispitivanih uzoraka u otvorenom plamenu.Rezultati ovog rada su potvrdili da prisustvo punila i aditiva u po-limernom materijalu, utiču na njegovo ponašanje tokom testa gorenja na taj način što izazivaju odstupanja od ponašanja čistogABSpolimera. Prisustvo različitih vrsta dodataka u polimernom materijalu na bazi ABS utiče na mogućnost njegovepreliminarne identifikacije primenom testa gorenja. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata u ispitivanoj seriji uzoraka, može se smatratida ponašanje ABS kompaunda tokom testa gorenja zavisi od sastavaodnosno, vrste i odnosapolaznih monomera,prisutva i osobina kako filera tako iaditiva
Effects of climate parameters on blackthorn in agroforestry ecotones as green road infrastructure elements
No full textPhenological flowering patterns of Prunus spinosa L. (blackthorn) are indicators of climate
change and help us understand the impact of climate change on agroforestry ecotones as
elements of green infrastructure along the Belgrade-Obrenovac roads on the right bank of the
Sava River. We studied the response of the blackthorn flowering phenophase to climatic
factors (temperature and precipitation) in the period from 2007 to 2023. The results confirm
that: (1) the beginning of the growing season, which in the case of blackthorn coincides with
the start of flowering, is affected by climate change; (2) the beginning, as well as the end of
the flowering phenophase, significantly correlates with air temperature and precipitation and
(3) the abrupt stop of flowering in April 2023 was caused by a sudden drop in air temperature
and heavy snowfall. The response of blackthorn phenological flowering patterns to climate
change in the study area also confirms that the greater the accumulation of heat, the smaller
the negative effect of daily temperatures on the beginning of flowering. The obtained results
are a basis for studying non-systematic phenological shifts as responses to climate change in
agroforestry ecotones that are elements of green road infrastructure. They are also a valuable
contribution to the research in the field of landscape ecology and landscape architecture,
setting out landscape design guidelines to form place identity, and pointing to the necessity of
introducing the values of the physiognomic landscape composition into the land use policy
Trametes trogii Berk.: bioecological characteristics, significance and potential medical applications (medicinal properties)
No full textT. trogii izaziva belu trulež i javlja se najčešće na lišćarskim vrstama. Infekcije najčešće ostvaruje na oštećenim mestima stabla ili na debljim granama. Tokom istraživanja najčešće je konstatovana na panjevima i na debljim, polomljenim i opalim granama poljskog jasena i lužnjaka, u priobalnim šumama. Jedna je od najtermofilnijih vrsta gljiva koje izazivaju trulež drveta, i može da se razvija i na temperaturama preko 40 °C. Prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima nema veći značaj kao izazivač truleži. Jedan od razloga je i to što se njena plodonosna tela u krošnji uočavaju tek kada se grane polome i padnu na zemlju. Imajući u vidu aktuelno sušenje poljskog jasena čiji se simptomi najpre uočavaju u krošnji, ova gljiva, najverovatnije ima znatno veći značaj u njegovom propadanju. Osim što izaziva trulež, ova vrsta poseduje veliki broj jedinjenja koja imaju primenu u lečenju raznih bolesti kod čoveka
Monitoring of the Surface Water Regime of the Sava River Alluvium in Serbia Using Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques
No full textIn the spacious inundation area on the left bank of the lower course of the Sava River in Serbia, there is an abandoned meander Special Nature Reserve, "Obedska bara", which represents a very important floodplain in this part of Europe. This area is characterized by an exceptional wealth of biodiversity with a significant presence of rare and endangered species of national and international importance. Hydrological conditions in the mentioned area were analyzed from the aspect of surface water movement in nature and conditions altered by human factors (after the construction of the road network, canals, etc.). The movement of surface water, i.e., the filling and emptying of the investigated area, parallel to the water level of the Sava River, is shown using a digital terrain model. Our simulation of the change in surface water level within the studied area included the display of underwater areas, both with the formation of a flood wave (i.e., increasing water level of the Sava) and with the outflow of water from the pond when the water level in the Sava was reduced in both scenarios (natural and conditions altered by human factors). GIS and terrain digitalization were used for geospatial and hydrological analyses and, based on this, maps that display endangered areas could be made. The obtained results show that the largest human impact was recorded at the water level of the Sava River 74 m above sea level. The aforementioned water regime changes were shown to negatively affect dominant vegetation, such as pedunculate oak and ash
Assessing Urban Resilience with Geodesign: A Case Study of Urban Landscape Planning in Belgrade, Serbia
No full textResilient cities have emerged as novel urban ecosystems that respond to the increasing challenges of contemporary urban development. A new methodological approach is needed to measure and assess the degree of resilience of the urban landscape during the ongoing planning process, considering different planning and design scenarios. Based on this consideration, the first attempt of this study was to develop a resilience index that summarizes the application of resilience theory in urban landscape planning. Is geodesign an appropriate tool to assess urban resilience? This was the main research question and the topic of the workshop ''IGC-Resilient City of Belgrade'' at the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade (Master Landscape Studio). The main result of this research is a model for urban resilience assessment with IGC geodesign, which allows to measure scenario changes through developed resilience indicators (index), which are determined by a set of parameters (area, redundancy, diversity, porosity, carbon sequestration, edge type, edge length, etc.). The methodological approach allows quantifying the impact of adopted innovations in geodesign scenario proposals, which plays a crucial role in strengthening the connection between landscape planning and design. In the context of the novel urban ecosystem, future urban landscape planning should focus on resilience as a measure to achieve sustainable development goals, supported by geodesign as a collaborative and spatially explicit negotiation tool