Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Harmful entomofauna in forestry and green infrastructure
No full textNacionalnom inventurom šuma Republike Srpske, ustanovljeno je preko 100vrsta drveća, pri čemuu ukupnoj zapremini dominiraju lišćari (bukva 45%, hrast 8%, ostali lišćari 7%, plemeniti lišćari 3%).Najveće učešće u zalihi ima bukva (43%), zatimjela sa oko 20% i smrča sa 16%. Od štetne entomofaune jele, trećina su gradogene vrste, koje mogu da izazovu velike ekonomske i ekološke štete. Štetna entomofauna bukve broji 32 vrste, od kojih su ekonomski značajne primarne vrste sklone masovnim pojavama i odnosima ishrane vezane za list (15,75% vrsta). Štetna entomofauna hrasta obuhvata 40 najčešćih vrsta. Gradogeneprimarne vrste čine jednu četvrtinu,pretežno se hrane listom i izazivaju defolijacije (50%). Štetan uticaj na reprodukciju i obnavljanje hrastovih šuma može da ima 15% vrsta koje izazivaju oštećenja sjemena ili ploda hrasta. Najčešće štetočine u šumama smrče su vrste koje se često javljaju, a samo nekada mogu da pričine manještete (56,25%).Najveći ekonomski značaj imaju potkornjaci i drvenari, a onisu skloni masovnim pojavama, gradacijama.Gradogene vrste su štetočinesjemena i šišarki, koje učestvuju u kompleksu štetočina smrče sa 14,58% Štetočine u rasadnicima značajne su za reprodukciju u šumarstvu i za obezbjeđivanje sadnog materijala za izgradnju zelene infrastrukture. Od 54 štetne vrste, skoro četvrtina su alohtone vrste (24,07%).Često se iz rasadnika štetočine stranog porijekla prenose u javne zelene prostore, zelene koridore i dalje se stvaraju preduslovi za unošenje alohtonih štetnih vrsta u šumske ekosisteme.Zbogtoga se ukrasne biljke s pravom smatraju najvažnijim putevima za unošenje stranih i invazivnih vrstau privredne i zaštitne šume.Stranei invazivne vrste koje su uneseneu Republiku Srpsku i predstavljaju nove štetočine su: Aproceros leucopoda, Cameraria ohridella, Corythucha arcuata, Corythucha ciliata, Cydalima perspectalis, Eopineus strobi, Gillettella cooleyi, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Metcalfa pruinosa, Obolodiplosis robiniae, Phyllonorycter platani, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Stictocephala bisonia i druge. Većina navedenih vrsta su štetočine u rasadnicima i na elementima zelene infrastrukture.Kao nove štetočine se javljaju autohtone vrste, koje sa promijenjenimvremenskimuslovima povećavaju svoje populacije. Jedan od primjera je jasenova osa Tomostethus nigritus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), koja u posljednjih deset godina stupa u lokalna prenamnoženja u drvoredima ili drugim zelenim prostorima na području Evrope,od Balkanskog poluostrva do nordijskih zemalja. Primijećenesu i povećane populacije Zeuzera pyrina (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) u rasadnicima i na elementima zelene infrastrukture.Potpomognute klimatskim promjenama, iz mediteranskog područja su migriraleOvalisia (Palmar) festiva, koja jepostala opasna štetočina u rasadnicima, dok je lipina stjenica Oxycarenus lavaterae česta na lipama, gradi velike kolonije,ali do sada nisu primijećene veće štete. U cilju zaštite od unošenja stranih i invazivnih biljaka, potrebno je da se obezbijediodržavanje statusa visokog stepena zaštite zdravlja bilja u poljoprivredi, zelenoj infrastrukturi i šumarstv
Forests of Tara national park - state and objectives of future management
No full textU radu su predstavljene prirodne i kulturno istorijske vrednosti i retkosti Nacionalnog parka (NP) „Tara“, čiji značaj u ekosistemskom i kulturološkom smislu nadilazi nacionalne okvire. Poseban akcenat je na šumskim ekosistemima, čije stanje je prikazano kroz niz elemanta. Polazeći od zatečenog stanja šuma, s jedne strane, i funkcionalno optimalnog stanja, s druge strane, definisani su opšti i posebni ciljevi gazdovanja u kojima dominira zaštitna komponenta. Svi ciljevi su jednakog značaja i, uglavnom, dugoročnog karaktera. Njihova realizacija zavisi, između ostalog, i od stepena disproporcije početnog i ciljanog-optimalnog stanja. Realizacija ciljeva postiže se setom gazdinskih mera, koje su grupisane na mere uzgojne i mere uređajne prirode, pri čemu je posebna pažnja posvećena iznosima prečnika sečive zrelosti u šumama jele, bukve i smrče, kao najzastupljenije kategorije šuma. Konstatovano je da su dosadašnjim gazdovanjem šumama NP ‘’Tara’’ uglavnom održane i unapređivane sve funkcije šuma, pri čemu se istovremeno težilo postizanju maksimalno moguće proizvodnje drvne zapremine najboljeg kvaliteta. U budućnosti, u skladu s kontrolnim metodom gazdovanja, nužan je dalji permanentan monitoring šuma NP, pravovremena reakcija na sprečavanju svih negativnih trendova u njihovom razvoju, intenziviranje naučnih istraživanja u svim segmentima gazdovanja, kao i preispitivanje uticaja pasivne zaštite pojedinih delova kompleksa na stanje šuma i same vrednosti koje se štite
Sustainable management of special nature reserves of public enterprise "Vojvodinašume"
No full textBudući da se 65% površina kojima Javno preduzeće (JP) „Vojvodinašume“ gazduje nalazi u nekom od stepena zaštite, upravljanje zaštićenim područjima jedan je od ključnih elemenata u poslovnoj politici preduzeća. Upravljanje zaštićenim područjima, naročito u trenutnim okolnostima evidentnih uticaja klimatskih promena, postalo je izazov za zaštitu prirode i druge sektore, samim tim i za JP ”Vojvodinašume“. Zaštićena područja su pokretači ruralne privrede i ključni element u razvoju strategija ruralnih područja. Cilj rada je prikazati primere saradnje sa zainteresovanim stranama iz javnog, privatnog i civilnog sektora na planiranju i sprovođenju aktivnosti koje doprinose održivom upravljanju zaštićenim područjima. Aktivnosti JP „Vojvodinašume“ na upravljanju zaštićenim područjima obuhvataju: održivo upravljanje resursima, zaštitu biodiverziteta, rešavanje konflikata, obezbeđenje koristi za društvo u celini, a naročito za lokalnu zajednicu, promociju prirodnih vrednosti i sl. Održivo upravljanje zaštićenim područjima u JP „Vojvodinašume“ podrazumeva upravljanje koje je prilagođeno lokalnim, odnosno regionalnim uslovima i, pre svega je multifunkcionalnog i dugoročnog karaktera
Taxonomic and ecological characteristics of rosemary-leaved willow (salix rosmarinifolia l.) In Vojvodina region in Serbia
No full textRosemary-leaved willow (Salix rosmarinofolia L.) is a rare and protected species in Serbia. The research was based on ecological characteristics of this species (climatic, vegetational and edaphic) as well as its taxonomical characteristics in Vojvodina region -the northern part of Serbia, where two rosemary-leaved willow sites occur (Subotica-Horgos sand and Deliblato sand). The climate is temperate continental. This willow is the dominant species in two ecologically very similar plant communities, Holoschoeno-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae Stjep. Vesel. 1953. in Deliblato sand and Festucetum vaginatae mixtum Gaj. 1986. salicetosum rosmarinifoliae (Mag 1953) Soo 1939 in Subotica-Horgos sand. These communities are strongly xerophilous, when it comes to moisture requirements. They are strongly intolerant to light and they prefer alkaline soils. In relation to warmth, they are mesothermal to thermophilous. Hemicryptophytes are the dominant life form in the spectrum of life forms, followed by phanerophytes and therophytes. Pontic-Central Asian group is the most frequent in the spectrum of floral elements. Two varieties of Salix rosmarinifolia L. are present-var. rosmarinifolia, which dominates in both localities and var. argyotricha. The geological bedrock on both localities is made of sand, and soils belong to Glaysol (Calcaric, Arenic). Fraction of fine sand absolutely dominates, humus content is relatively low, while soil reaction is mildly alkaline. Soils are poorly supplied with phosphorus, while the potassium supply is somewhat better. Occurrence of rusty-grayish zones in deeper soil layer indicates fluctuation in underground water level and reduction-oxidation processes
Floristic composition of beech sites five years after clear-cutting and syndynamics of plant communities in the clear-cut area in the Timok forest region
No full textPodručje istočne Srbije je u zimu 2014/2015. godine pogodila elementarna vremenska nepogoda koja je pričinila velike štete na šumskom drveću u vidu ledoloma i ledoizvala. Veštački podignute sastojine četinara na bukovom staništu su stradale gotovo u potpunosti, a prirodne sastojine delimično do potpuno. Na površini od oko 2000 ha, bilo je neophodno izvršiti čistu seču usled kojih je došlo do bitnih promena u ekosistemu, koje mogu da utiču na floristički sastav. Vršen je popis biljaka vaskularne flore na sečinama i poređen sa florističkim sastavom u bukovoj prašumi "Vinatovača" koja se nalazi u sličnim stanišnim uslovima. Cilj istraživanja je da se s jedne strane ustanovi stepen degradacije prirodnih staništa bukve, a s druge strane, da se na osnovu prirodnih sukcesija sagledaju mogućnosti i pravci uspostavljanja prirodnih, autohtonih šumskih ekosistema. Bukova staništa su nakon izvršene čiste seče floristički znatno bogatija od prirodnih bukovih šuma prašumskog tipa. U velikoj meri došlo je do spontanog naseljavanja livadskih i korovskih biljaka na bukova staništa. Na sečinama je pronađeno 176 taksona biljaka vaskularne flore (u prašumi 107 taksona). Pored biljaka iz mezofilnih bukovih zajednica prisutne su i biljke iz sveze termofilnih zajednica. Pronađene biljke su svrstane u dva odeljka: Pteridophyta, samo 2 vrste i Spermatophyta, 174 vrste (u prašumi Pteridophyta, 10 vrsta i Spermatophita, 97 vrsta). U okviru Spermatophyta, biljke su razvrstane u dve klase: Dikotile, 149 vrsta i Monokotile, 25 vrsta (u prašumi Dikotile, 76 vrsta i Monokotile, 21 vrsta).In the winter of 2014/2015, an impactful natural disaster hit the eastern region of Serbia, leading to substantial forest tree damage due to ice breaks and falls. This catastrophe resulted in the near-complete destruction of artificial conifer stands established on beech sites, and varying degrees of damage to natural stands. In response, approximately 2000 hectares of land had to be clear-cut, inducing significant ecosystem transformations that may have altered the floristic composition. This study involved the inventarisation of vascular flora within the clear-cut areas, which was then compared to the floristic composition at similar site condition on location "Vinatovača" beech primeval forest. The key objectives of this research were to assess the extent of degradation experienced by natural beech sites and explore the prospects and courses for establishing natural, indigenous forest ecosystems through natural succession. Following clear-cutting, beech sites exhibited notably greater floristic diversity in contrast to the natural beech primeval forests. Considerable area of beech sites turned into meadows or were weed covered. The study identified 176 taxa of vascular flora on the clearcut sites (107 taxa in the premival forest). In addition to plants from mesophilic beech communities, plants from the aliance of thermophilic communities are also present. The identified plants were categorised into two groups: Pteridophyta, with only 2 species, and Spermatophyta, encompassing 174 species (in contrast, the premival forest had 10 species of Pteridophyta and 97 species of Spermatophyta). The Spermatophyta plants were further classified into two classes: Dicotyledons, represented by 149 species, and Monocotyledons, represented by 25 species (in the premival forest, Dicotyledons accounted for 76 species, and Monocotyledons 21 species)
Changes in the forest growing stock of the Timok forest area following the ice storm in winter 2014/2015
No full textNa prostoru većeg dela istočne Srbije u zimu 2014/2015. godine, došlo je do prodiranja izuzetno hladnih vazdušnih masa sa istoka i sa Karpata uslovljavajući pojavu velikih naslaga leda na objektima infrastrukture i stablima šumskog drveća. Velike količine leda (i po nekoliko tona po stablu) šumsko drveće nije moglo da izdrži, što je dovelo do ledoloma i ledoizvala na velikim površinama. Štete većih razmera desile su se na prostoru Timočkog, Moravskog, Severnokučajskog, Rasinskog i Južnokučajskog šumskog područja. U pojedinim delovima Timočkog ŠP došlo je do prave katastrofe po šumske ekosisteme te su morale biti izvršene čiste seče na velikim površinama. Predmet ovog istraživanja su obrasle površine Timočkog šumskog područja (prirodne šume i veštački podignute sastojine) u državnom vlasništvu kojima gazduje JP "Srbijašume" Beograd. Vršena je uporedna analiza pojedinih pokazatelja stanja šumskog fonda Timočkog ŠP (stanje šuma po poreklu, očuvanosti, mešovitosti, vrstama drveća, sastojinskoj pripadnosti i cenoekološkoj pripadnosti). Uporedo su analizirani podaci svedeni na dan 31.12.2013. godine i podaci svedeni na dan 31.12.2021. godine. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi da li je došlo do bitnih promena u stanju šumskog fonda na nivou Timočkog šumskog područja.In the winter of 2014/2015, extremely cold air masses penetrated from the east and the Carpathians into a large part of eastern Serbia and formed extensive ice layers on infrastructure facilities and forest trees. Forest trees could not withstand large amounts of ice (up to several tons per tree), resulting in widespread ice breaks and ice throws. Extensive damage occurred in the Timok, Morava, Severni Kučaj, Rasina, and Južni Kučaj Forest Areas. In certain parts of the Timok Forest Area, the damage to forest ecosystems was catastrophic and required clear-cutting of large areas. This research focuses on the state-owned forests of the Timok Forest Area (natural forests and artificially established (stands) managed by "Srbijašume" State Enterprise from Belgrade. A comparative analysis of specific indicators of the current state of the forest growing stock in the Timok Forest Area was conducted (forest state by origin, preservation, mixture, tree species, stand classification, and socioecological categorisation). The analysis compared data collected on 31 December 2013 with data collected on 31 December 2021. The research aimed to determine whether there were significant changes in the state of forest growing stock in the Timok Forest Area in the study period
Evaluation of Morphometric Terrain Parameters and Their Influence on Determining Optimal Density of Primary Forest Road Network
No full textPlanning forest truck roads network involves a lot of factors that directly affect their density and length. Depending on the purpose of the forest truck road network, this number is higher or lower. Our opinion was that these factors should be divided into invariable and variable. Common parameters, regardless of the purpose of the roads, are morphometric parameters because they can limit the length and density of the network of forest truck roads due to their variety of forms. For this reason, this paper deals exclusively with the morphometric characteristics of the terrain and their influence on the density of the network of forest truck roads. The DEM of the terrain was processed with GIS software based on the seven most important influencing factors. By standardizing the criteria, the obtained maps were reclassified, and then each of the seven selected parameters was weighted with the coefficients obtained by the AHP method. In this way, a map of the suitability of the terrain for the construction and addition to the existing network of forest truck roads was obtained. The terrain is divided into 4 categories of suitability. Zero lines were drawn with GIS tools for road design. During the creation of the optimal road network, it was tested with absolute and relative openness. As a final result, each of 26 Forest Economic Areas (FEA) was assigned to one of 4 categories of terrain suitability for the construction and density of the forest truck road network. For each category of terrain convenience, the optimal absolute and relative openness is shown. Based on this work, we suggest that the use of morphometric parameters should be considered as the first step of forest road planning in other regions
Stocktype impact on survival and growth of one-year old quercus pubescens seedlings on the edge of Panonnian basin
No full textQuerqus pubescens has relatively wide distribution in Europe, but dominated forests are quite common in South Europe, while they are confined to warm microclimatic conditions in central Europe. On the edge of the Panonnian basin Q. pubescens is mainly found on the edge of its native range, in isolated populations which have an important role in examining the adaptive potential, especially considering that the forest-steppe and sub-mediterranean climate is predicted to be the dominant climate in some regions of Central Europe in future. There are very limit knowledge about Q. pubescens forest establishment and restoration in continental climate today. This study provides information about stocktype effect on seedlings success after outplanting in very competitive conditions. Although bareroot seedlings were larger in the nursery, container seedlings had better survival and growth on the field. Generally, low survival rate for both stocktypes (mean survival 47.60 %; container seedlings 55.41%; bareroot seedlings 41.41%) can be assessed as consequence of uncompetitive seedlings and lack of vegetation control
Influence of crown exposure on the morphological needle traits of nine conifers
No full textThe aim of this research was to investigate if the crown exposure of some conifers influenced to needle properties. The leaf morphological traits of sixty-six trees of nine conifers: Atlas cedar, Austrian pine, Blue spruce, Douglas fir, European spruce, European yew, Serbian spruce, Silver fir, and White fir, from six Belgrade parks, were analyzed. Five needles were measured from each of the four main crown exposures. Length, width, area and perimeter of needles were investigated. Species, parks in which they were found, as well as crown exposures, differed mostly in needle length and needle width. Correlations between measured needle traits were determined by linear regression analysis. Strong positive correlations were found between the length, perimeter, and area of needles. The differences among the species in terms of light requirement determine species for individual planting as light-loving or partial shade species (Atlas cedar, European spruce, Serbian spruce, Blue spruce, Austrian pine and Douglas fir), or for group planting as shade-loving species (Silver fir, White fir and European yew)
Assessment of ecological, structural and production characteristics of Serbian spruce, Macedonian pine and Bosnian pine from the aspect of protection and preservation of their habitats : doctoral dissertation
No full textSavremena istraživanja u oblasti zaštite prirode sve više u prvi plan ističu pitanje očuvanja ugroženih vrsta. Jedne od najznačajnijih endemoreliktnih šuma Balkanskog poluostrva formiraju sastojine Pančićeve omorike (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.), molike (Pinus peuce Griseb.) i munike (Pinus heldreichii Christ.). Aktuelni koncept zaštite vrsta, rezvijen na pretpostavkama prednosti pasivnog pristupa, primenjivan u proteklom periodu, dominantno je uticao na trenutno stanje sastojina. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je ocena stanja ekoloških, strukturnih i proizvodnih karakteristika proučavanih sastojina u odnosu na navedeni pristup, prepoznavanje dinamičkih elemenata spontanog razvoja, odnos takvog pristupa sa biološkim potrebama vrsta i procena uticaja na njihovu perspektivu. Istraživanja su zasnovana na jedinstvenom metodološkom pristupu. U delovima areala proučavanih vrsta na prostoru Balkanskog poluostrva, na reprezentativnim lokalitetima (Veliki Stolac i Bilo – sastojine Pančićeve omorike; Beleg – sastojine molike; Zeletin – sastojine munike), na osnovu jasno ustanovljenih principa raspoređeno je po 8 (osam) oglednih površina u svim sastojinskim situacijama. Površine su ravnomerno razmeštene u delovima čistih i mešovitih sastojinskih situacija sa ciljem proučavanja odnosa unutar i između vrsta sa kojima formiraju zajednice. U okviru 24 ogledne površine prikupljane su informacije o osobinama 5.448 stabala iznad taksacione granice. Prikupljanje podataka je trajalo od jeseni 2018. do jeseni 2022. godine. Prema dobijenim rezultatima, sastojine se u ekološkom smislu značajno razlikuju, razvijaju se u različitim uslovima klime sa značajno izmenjenim uslovima temperature i količine padavina, posebno u periodima intenzivnog razvoja vegetacije. Klimatske promene nisu negativno uticale na zatečeno zdravstveno stanje sastojina. Na osnovu spektra informacija utvrđeno je da se sastojine razvijaju u različitim zonama rasta šumske vegetacije (Pančićeva omorika – prelaz iz niže u višu planinsku zonu; molika – subalpijska zona; munika – prelaz iz subalpijske u alpijsku zonu). Od ukupno 152 različite vrste vaskularne flore u svim sastojinskim kategorijama najzastupljenija grupa flornih elemenata je Evroazijska (umerena). U odnosu na zonalnost, pokazuju očekivane i jasne razlike u pogledu sastava, fitogeografskog porekla i učešća životnih formi. Sastojine se razvijaju u okviru već opisanih asocijacija (Piceetum omorikae Tregubov 1941; Piceo omorikae Abieti-FagetumČolić 1965; Pinetum peuces Janković 1958; Piceo-Pinetum peuces R. Lakušić 1965; Pinetum heldreichii Janković 1958) na karakterističnim zemljišnim tvorevinama u odnosu na zone njihovog razvoja. U pogledu juvenilne faze razvoja sastojina utvrđena je mala zastupljenost individua i različita struktura u pogledu sastava vrsta. Najnepovoljnije stanje sa ovog aspekta je u sastojinama Pančićeve omorike. Sastojine pokazuju širok spektar vrednosti diverziteta prema različitim parametrima. U odnosu na osnovne taksacione osobine i njihovu distribuciju, sastojine se značajno razlikuju prema svim elementima, kako između proučavanih vrsta tako i prema karakteru mešovitosti. Pokazuju osobine od tipičnih jednodobnih (čiste sastojine omorike, sastojine molike), raznodobnih (sastojine munike) do približno prebirnih strukturnih oblika (mešovite sastojine omorike). Mešovite sastojine u skoro svim segmentima analize pokazuju značajno heterogeniju strukturu. Opseg variranja analiziranih osobina stabala u odnosu na srednje vrednosti je najmanji kod visina, zatim kod prečnika, a najveći kod zapremina u svim sastojinskim situacijama. Sprovedena statistička testiranja oblika distribucija empirijskih osobina stabala značajno odstupaju od teorijski normalne distribucije. Pored toga, u svim kategorijama su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između empirijskih oblika distribucija čistih i mešovitih sastojina...Contemporary research in the field of nature protection is increasingly highlighting the issue of conservation of endangered species. One of the most important types of endemic forests of the Balkan Peninsula are stands of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.), Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) and Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ.). The current concept of species protection, developed on the assumptions of the advantages of a passive approach, applied in the past period, had a dominant effect on the current state of stands. The main aim of this research is to assess the state of the ecological, structural and production characteristics of the studied stands in relation to the mentioned approach, to recognize the dynamic elements of spontaneous development, the relationship of such an approach with the biological needs of the species and to assess the impact on their future prospects. The research is based on a unique methodological approach. In parts of the range of the studied species on the Balkan Peninsula, in representative localities (Veliki Stolac and Bilo – stands of Serbian spruce; Beleg – stands of Macedonian pine; Zeletin - stands of Bosnian pine), based on clearly established principles, 8 (eight) sample plots were distributed in all stand situations. The plots were evenly distributed in parts of pure and mixed stand situations with the aim of studying the relationships within and between the species with which they form communities. Within 24 sample plots, information were collected on the properties of 5,448 trees above the taxation limit. Data collection lasted from autumn 2018 to autumn 2022. According to the obtained results, the stands differ significantly in the ecological sense, they develop in different climate conditions with significantly changed conditions of temperature and the amount of precipitation, especially in periods of intensive vegetation development. Climatic changes did not have a negative impact on the observed health status of the stands. Based on the spectrum of information, it was established that stands develop in different zones of forest vegetation growth (Serbian spruce – transition from lower to higher mountain zone; Macednoian pine – subalpine zone; Bosnian pine – transition from subalpine to alpine zone). Out of a total of 152 different species of vascular flora in all stand categories, the most represented group of flora elements is Eurasian (temperate). In relation to zonality, they show the expected and clear differences in terms of composition, phytogeographical origin and shares of different life forms. The stands develop within the already described associations (Piceetum omorikae Tregubov 1941; Piceo omorikae Abieti-Fagetum Čolić 1965; Pinetum peuces Janković 1958; Piceo-Pinetum peuces R. Lakušić 1965; Pinetum heldreichii Janković 1958) on characteristic soil formations in relation to the zones of their development. In terms of the juvenile phase of stand development, a small share of individuals and a different structure in terms of species composition were determined. The most unfavorable situation from this aspect was found in stands of Serbian spruce. The stands show a wide range of diversity values according to different parameters. In relation to the basic taxonomic characteristics and their distribution, the stands differ significantly according to all elements, both between the studied species and according to the character of the mixture. They show characteristics ranging from typical even-aged stands (pure Serbian spruce stands, Macedonian pine stands), uneven-aged stands (Bosnian pine stands) to approximately selective structural forms (mixed Serbian spruce stands). Mixed stands in almost all segments of the analysis show a significantly more heterogeneous structure. The range of variation of the analyzed tree properties in relation to the mean values is the smallest in height, then in diameter, and the largest in volume in all stand situations. The conducted statistical testing of the shape of distributions of empirical tree properties significantly deviates from the theoretically normal distribution. In addition, statistically significant differences between the empirical forms of the distributions of pure and mixed stands were recorded in all categories..