Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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ndice de Sensibilidade do Solo como Indicadorpara SilviculturaUrbanaClimaticamente Inteligente
No full textConcept of climate-smart forestry, designed for mountain forests, was modified and applied to urban forest areas which are under high anthropogenic and climate change pressures. Accordingly, main objective of the UrbanFoS project is to define soil degradation indicators in urban forests under the umbrella of climate-smart forestry concept. It will be done through three steps: 1. determination of key sensitive properties of soil to degradation processes; 2. field and laboratory climate simulations; 3. definition of ecosystem services of urban forests. As the indicators that define the susceptibility of soil to degradation processes are of key importance for urban forest sustainability, the knowledge gained will be used to develop soil degradation index applicable to urban forest soils under climate change conditions.O conceito de silvicultura climaticamente inteligente, projetado para florestas de montanha, foi modificado e aplicado a áreas de florestas urbanas que estão sob altas pressões antropogênicas e de mudanças climáticas. Consequentemente, o objetivo principal do projeto UrbanFoS é definir indicadores de degradação do solo em florestas urbanas sob o guarda-chuva do conceito de silvicultura climaticamente inteligente. Isso será feito por meio de três etapas: 1. determinação das principais propriedades sensíveis do solo aos processos de degradação; 2. simulações climáticas de campo e laboratório; 3. definição de serviços ecossistêmicos de florestas urbanas. Como os indicadores que definem a suscetibilidade do solo aos processos de degradação são de fundamental importância para a sustentabilidade da floresta urbana, o conhecimento adquirido será usado para desenvolver o índice de degradação do solo aplicável aos solos de florestas urbanas sob condições de mudanças climáticas.El concepto de silvicultura climáticamente inteligente diseñado para los bosques de montaña se ha modificado y aplicado a áreas forestales urbanas que están sometidas a altas presiones antropogénicas y del cambio climático. En consecuencia, el principal objetivo del proyecto UrbanFoS es definir indicadores de degradación del suelo en bosques urbanos basados en el concepto de silvicultura climáticamente inteligente. Este proceso tiene tres etapas: 1-determinación de las principales propiedades del suelo sensibles a procesos de degradación; 2-simulaciones climáticas de campo y laboratorio; 3. definición de servicios ecosistémicos forestales urbanos. Como los indicadores que definen la susceptibilidad del suelo a los procesos de degradación son esenciales para la sostenibilidad de los bosquesurbanos, los conocimientos adquiridos se utilizarán para desarrollar el índice de degradación del suelo aplicable a los suelos forestales urbanos en condiciones de cambio climático
Application of Fe-Al Layered Double Hydroxides on Silica for Phosphate and Arsenate Removal from Water
No full textIn present study FeAl-LDH@SiO2 adsorbent was used for phosphate and arsenate
removal from aqueous solutions. Silica, obtained from rice husks, was used as a
substrate for the deposition of FeAl based layered double hydroxides (FeAl-LDH)
particles. Synthesis of FeAl-LDH, obtained at Fe/Al molar ratio of 3:1, was performed
via co-precipitation and concomitant deposition on SiO2 carrier at 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1
LDH/silica mass ratios. The prepared materials were characterized by scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption
isotherms (BET method) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM
analysis revealed uniform precipitate of LDH on SiO2 substrate, while XRD analysis
confirmed crystallographic structure of LDH deposit. Optimization of adsorption
properties of synthesized adsorbents confirmed best performances of FeAl-LDH@SiO2,
obtained at 3:1 LDH/silica mass ratio. Thus, adsorption experiments were carried out
with respect to adsorbent dosage, phosphate and arsenate concentration at initial pH 4.
Phosphate concentrations were determined using spectrophotometer and arsenate
concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The results
showed that the maximum sorption capacities for phosphates was 62.2 mg g
-1
, and for
arsenate was 59.0 mg g
-1
. Kinetic study confirmed intra-particle diffusion as ratelimiting step, while thermodynamic study indicates feasible and spontaneous process
Evaluation of the restorative potential of urban forest through a forest therapy program
No full textMore proof is needed to understand the underlying restorative potential of urban and periurban forest and how to plan, design, and manage urban forest to optimize their restorative impact.
Also, there is a great need to identify and describe specific qualities of urban forest that may support
health processes guided by a professional forest therapist. Forest therapy bases have been established
in many countries in the world. However, there is a lack of research on forest therapy in Serbia,
especially in urban forests. The forest therapy program was designed and implemented to evaluate
the perceived psychological benefits of spending structured time at two urban forests in Belgrade.
The participants in this study were voluntary students from the fourth year of the Faculty of Forestry
(n=18) randomly selected for the study group (n=9) and the control group (n=9). The study group
had two hours walk with a forest therapist and control group had a walk without forest therapy
program. Participants in both groups were assessed pre- and post intervention using the
questionnaire consisting of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and after the walk, they filled out the
questionnaire regarding Perceived Sensory Dimension (PSD). This study indicates that forest
therapy in urban forests has clear benefits for human health and well-being
Soil Dynamics in an Urban Forest as a Result of Parent Material and Land Use
No full textThe purpose of this research is examining how the parent material and land use affect physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of the urban forest soil with the final goal of defining soil degradation indicators. Total of 53 soils samples from the urban forest at the Fruska gora Mt. near Belgrade, Serbia, were analyzed for the following properties: pH, electrical conductivity, oxido-redox potential, content of organic carbon, concentration of available cations, aggregate size and stability. The soils were developed on five bedrock types: serpentinite, marl, trachyte, shale, loess and two land use types: forest and meadow. The correlation between the obtained parameters was tested with two-way ANOVA and principal component analyses (PCA)
Quality of beech wood surface sanding under different regimes
No full textSanding is a widely used method for processing solid wood and wood-based panels in the final stage of machining. The goal is to remove irregularities caused by previous machining processes or to calibrate the workpiece to a specified dimension. Wood and wood-based panels are sanded before further surface treatment to achieve a flat surface with reduced roughness, which is necessary for the subsequent application of coatings needed for surface protection and decoration. This study investigates the impact of different sanding regimes on certain machinability criteria of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). The criteria for assessing machinability included cutting power and the quality of the processed surface, expressed through the roughness parameter Ra (arithmetical mean roughness value). The main objective of the research was to compare two-stage and three-stage sanding under various sanding pad pressures to determine the optimal combination that ensures the best surface quality with minimal costs. The tests were conducted on narrowbelt sanding machine, where the sanding power was measured during sanding using different abrasive grit sizes (P80, P120, P180) and different contact pressures (12,000 and 18,000 Pa). The cutting power was measured indirectly, through the power input of the propulsion electric motor using measuring-acquisition device with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, while the quality of machined samples was evaluated by surface roughness using a stylus-based surface roughness tester
The impact of climate change on fruiting and functionality of blackthorn in green infrastructure
No full textVišegodišnji monitoring je izvor podataka koji dokumentuje i omogućava bolje razumevanje uticaja
klimatskih promena i ekstrema na dugoročne promene fenologije trnjine u suburbanoj zelenoj
infrastrukturi Beograda što ima i šire ekološke posledice. Stoga je analiziran odgovor fenofaze
plodonošenja trnjine na klimatske elemente u periodu 2007-2024. Rezultati potvrđuju da je: (1)
plodonošenje u direktnoj korelacji sa fenofazom cvetanja; (2) početak, ali i kraj fenofaze
plodonošenja je u značajnoj korelaciji sa temperaturom vazduha, insolacijom i padavinama; (3)
izostanak plodonošenja uslovljen je ekstremnim klimatskim događajima u aprilu mesecu i (4) rano
dozrevanje plodova uslovljeno je visokim temperaturama tokom vegetacionog perioda, jakom
insolacijom i sušom. Odgovor fenoloških obrazaca plodonošenja trnjine na klimatske promene, u
istraživanom području, potvrđuje da što je veća akumulacija toplote veći je efekat dnevnih
temperatura na početak plodonošenja. Rezultati istraživanja su polazna osnova za proučavanje
promena fenoloških obrazaca plodonošenja trnjine kao odgovora na klimatske promene u
suburbanoj zelenoj infrastrukturi. Takođe, su značajni i za istraživanja u voćarstvu, hortikulturi,
pejzažnoj arhitekturi i definisanje smernica za pejzažni dizajn u cilju unošenja vrednosti
fizionomske kompozicije predela i promovisanje trnjine kao vrste budućnosti. Naša studija
naglašava da optimizovano upravljanje po fenološkim obrascima trnjine može doprineti
maksimalnom funkcionisanju i opstanku vrste u uslovima klimatskih promena
Uređenje šumskog kompleksa banjskog područja u funkciji regionalnog razvoja – banja Voljavča, centralna Srbija
No full textU radu je prikazana kratka analiza flore i vegetacije budućeg banjskolečilišnog područja banje Voljavča na području opštine Kragujevac, centralna Srbija.
Istaknuti su zdravstveno-sanitogeni učinci šumskog kompleksa na životnu sredinu
definisanog banjskog područja. Date su smernice za sprovodjenje odgovarajućih
mera gazdovanja šumama u cilju sprečavanja daljnje degradacije, obešumljavanja,
erozije i opadanja plodnosti zemljišta na datom prostoru. S obzirom na
preovladjujuće izdanačko poreklo šumskog kompleksa u neposrednom okruženju
naselja Voljavča, predloženi su modifikovani meliorativni zahvati u vidu konverzije,
supstitucije i restitucije; prirodnog obnavljanja putem grupimično-postupnog
sistema, uz primenu metoda obnavljanja rezervnim stablima-pričuvcima i veštačkog
podizanja i obnavljanja šuma. Postojeće šumske celine i fragmente šuma potrebno je
postepeno preurediti u funkcionalne šumske sastojine sa karakteristikama šuma
posebne namene – šuma posebnog značaja. Posebno je potrebno primeniti mere
zaštite i očuvanja šumskih staništa u cilju zaštite ekološke ravnoteže i unapređenja
posebnih prirodnih vrednosti i namenski-ekološkog održivog i prihvatljivog
korišćenja
Use of five-parameter optimization of attachment lug geometry to improve its fatigue life
No full textPin-loaded attachment lugs are highly loaded and responsible aircraft component prone to fatigue failure. Thus, here the geometry of the wing-fuselage attachment lug was optimized using the fatigue life as the criterion. Separating Morphing and Adaptive Remeshing Technology (SMART) was used in the scope of Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate fatigue crack growth by and to obtain fatigue life for different geometry parameters. Five-parameter optimization was applied, by varying two radii (rounding radius and radius of a pin hole), “hump” parameter, outer radius and thickness, using five different models. It was shown that fatigue life can be significantly improved with only modest increase of mass
The condition of the coppice stand of hungarian and turkey oak in private ownership in the bukovik mountain area
No full textThe paper presents the structural and production characteristics of a typical coppice stand of
Hungarian and Turkey oak in private ownership in the Bukovik mountain area. Forests in private
ownership on the territory of the Republic of Serbia occupy 57% of the total forest area, where
76.1% are coppice stands. Stands of Hungarian and Turkey oak represent 30.6% of the total area
of privately owned forests. Considering the prevalence of coppice forests in Serbia, it is
undeniable that forest management planning of these forests represents one of the main
challenges for the forestry sector. The basis for the research was six sample plots. The site is
located on eutric brown soil, with a small presence of skeletons. This stand is 50 years old, the
number of trees per hectare is 1017, while the distribution of trees by diameter classes is a typical
for even-aged structure. The total volume is 158 m3
/ha and the volume increment is 2.7 m3
/ha.
The dominant tree species in the stand is the Hungarian oak, accounting for 68% of the total
volume. The mean stand diameter by basal area is 18.9 cm, and the mean stand height is 15.2 m.
The diameter of the dominant tree by basal area is 24 cm, and the height of the dominant tree is
16.8 m. It is obvious that the investigated stand did not have an adequate silvicultural treatment,
which results in an excessive number of trees per hectare and reduced space for growth. All this
requires an adaptive approach to the management of such stands by the forestry professionals
Citizen science platforms can effectively support early detection of invasive alien species according to species traits
No full text1. Early detection and rapid response are essential to deal effectively with new introductions of invasive alien species (IAS). Citizen science platforms for opportunistic recording of species are increasingly popular, and there is potential toharvest their data for early detection of IAS, but this has not been tested.2. We evaluated the potential of data from existing citizen science platforms forearly detection of IAS by obtaining 687 first records of species from 30 Europeancountries where there was both an official first record (i.e. published in scientificliterature or by a government agency) and a record in a citizen science platform.We tested how the difference between the two (time lag) was related to speciestraits, popularity in citizen science platforms, public and research attention andregulatory status.3. We found that for 50% of the time lag records, citizen science platforms reportedIAS earlier than or in the same year as the official databases. Although we cannot determine causality (the first official record could have been from a citizenscience platform, or contemporaneous with it), this demonstrates that citizen science platforms are effective for IAS early detection.4. Time lags were largely affected by species traits. Compared with official records,vertebrates were more likely to have earlier records on citizen science platforms,than plants or invertebrates. Greater popularity of the IAS in citizen science platforms and its observation in neighbouring countries resulted in earlier citizenscience reporting. In contrast, inclusion in the EU priority list resulted in earlierofficial recording, reflecting the efficacy of targeted surveillance programmes.However, time lags were not affected by the overall activity of citizen platformsper country.5. Synthesis and applications. Multi-species citizen science platforms for reportingnature sightings are a valuable source of information on early detection of IASeven though they are not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommendthat IAS surveillance programmes should be better connected with citizen scienceplatforms, including greater acknowledgement of the role of citizen scientists andbetter data flow from smaller citizen science initiatives into global databases, tosupport efficient early detection