Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Biological activity of essential oils of Calocedrus decurrens and Cupressus arizonica on Lymantria dispar larvae and Phytophthora root pathogens
No full textComposition of Calocedrus decurrens and Cupressus arizonica essential oils (CDEO and CAEO, respectively), their antifeedant activity on spongy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) larvae, as well as their antimicrobial activity on three Phytophthora species were investigated. In leaves of these two conifers from the Cupressaceae family, monoterpenes strongly dominated (90.5 and 85.0%, respectively), but their terpene profiles were different. The dominant compound of CDEO was delta -3-carene (49.5%), followed by myrcene (9.4%), terpinolene (8.6%) and alpha -pinene (7.0%). In CAEO, the most dominant compounds were limonene (23.3%) and alpha -pinene (20.5%), followed by umbellulone (12.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (9.5%). CDEO showed a strong antifeedant activity, while leaf discs treated with CAEO had phagostimulatory effect on spongy moth larvae. CAEO had no significant effect on relative consumption and larval growth rate, while CDEO reduced consumption and stimulated growth at the lowest EO concentration (0.05%). Both EOs significantly affected the growth of colonies of the Phytophthora species tested. At concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, a 100% inhibition was observed in almost all experimental groups, with the exception of P. plurivora on 0.5% CDEO. At a concentration of 0.1% inhibition rate varied from 15% in P. x cambivora treated with CDEO to 90% in P. quercina treated with CAEO. These findings indicate that these two EOs could be used to control tree pests
The effect of the beech wood steaming condensate on curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde adhesive
No full textThis study explores the potential of using condensate generated during beech wood steaming (BSC) as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for wood-based panel (WBP) production. The research aimed to assess the hardening behavior of pure commercial UF resin and UF with added condensate (UF-BSC), investigating the potential catalytic effect of BSC on the hardening characteristics of UF adhesives. Changes in chemical structure after the curing process were observed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The curing kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under a dynamic scanning regime with heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 degrees C/min. Obtained data were analyzed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Friedman (FR) kinetic iso-conversional methods to estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the curing reaction in the investigated UF adhesive systems. The results of DSC analysis imply that BSC lowers the temperature of the curing reaction of UF adhesive along with the prolongation of the curing reaction. The obtained kinetic data supported by FTIR and chemical analysis suggest that phenolic compounds present in BSC interfere with the main curing reactions leading to lower peak temperatures but higher activation energy. & Tcy;his suggests that BSC increased the number of active sites involved in the reaction and, consequently, the number of collisions. BSC, as wastewater of the wood processing industry, can be efficiently utilized as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive substitute for deionized water in UF adhesive formulations for WBP manufacturing
Genetic diversity and complex structure of the European Roe Deer population at a continental scale
No full textAlthough the European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is one of the most common and widespread ungulate species in Europe and inhabiting a variety of habitats, few studies have addressed its population structure at a large spatial scale using nuclear genetic data. The aims of our study were to: (i) investigate genetic diversity, level of admixture, and genetic structure across European Roe Deer populations; (ii) identify barriers to gene flow; and (iii) reveal factors that have impacted the observed pattern of population genetic structure. Using 12 microsatellite loci, we analyzed 920 European Roe Deer samples from 16 study sites from northern, southern, central, and eastern Europe. The highest genetic diversity was found in central and eastern sites, and lowest in the northern and southern sites. There were 2 main groups of genetically related populations in the study area-one inhabiting mainly Fennoscandia, and the second in the continental part of Europe. This second population was further divided into 3 to 5 spatially distributed genetic clusters. European Roe Deer belonging to the Siberian mitochondrial DNA clade, inhabiting large parts of eastern Europe, were not identified as a separate population in the analysis of microsatellite loci. No isolation by distance (IBD) was detected between roe deer from the fennoscandian and the continental study sites, but the Baltic Sea was inferred to be the main barrier to gene flow. Only weak IBD was revealed within the continental population. Three lower-level genetic barriers were detected in the western, southern, and eastern parts of the study area. The main factors inferred as shaping the observed genetic diversity and population structure of European Roe Deer were postglacial recolonization, admixture of different populations of the species originating from several Last Glacial Maximum refugial areas, and isolation of several study sites. According to our study the overall genetic diversity of European Roe Deer was relatively high. The greatest diversity was found in populations inhabiting central and eastern Europe, as a result of admixture of different postglacial migration waves from several Last Glacial Maximum refugia. Higher genetic diversity of roe deer in eastern Europe could be a result of introgression of Siberian Roe Deer genes as indicated by mitochondrial DNA analyses. This hybridization was an effect of both the natural range overlap of these species in the past and/or the translocations of the Siberian Roe Deer into the eastern part of the continent
Exploring attitudes towards extending lifecycle of wood products by cascading: a case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia
No full textThis study explores attitudes toward sustainable-timber resource management and climate-change mitigation by extending the life cycles of wood products and their cascading in Central and Southeastern Europe. A comprehensive survey involving the general public and professional organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia, reveals significant support for wood product reuse in construction, emphasizing ecological aspects and sustainability. Despite doubts about wood product quality, motivation for reuse remains high. Challenges, including limited availability and cost, are acknowledged. Reusing and recycling wood products at the end of their life cycle can extend the life of the wood resource and reduce carbon emissions. Cascading is a promising way to combat climate change and prolong the life cycle of wood products. This study highlights the potential of cascading wood use, underscores the necessity to improve the quantification of wood usage through material intensity analysis of buildings, and emphasizes the requirement for more comprehensive education and explanations to promote sustainable practices
Encapsulated Thuja plicata essential oil into biopolymer matrix as a potential pesticide against Phytophthora root pathogens
No full textA new formulation that gradually released encapsulated Thuja plicata essential oil (TPEO) as an active component from a biopolymer matrix within a given period was obtained. Antimicrobial activity was determined in in-vitro tests where pure TPEO successfully inhibited the development of different Phytophthora species. The TPEO essential oil was encapsulated into the biopolymer matrix and an oil-in-water emulsion was formed. FTIR spectra analysis confirmed the formation of electrostatic interaction between these polymers, and hydrogen interactions between active components of TPEO and polymer chains. The stability of the emulsions was confirmed by zeta potential measurements, with a value of about 30 mV, even after 14 days of aging. UV-Vis spectra analysis revealed that gt 60% of TPEO remained in the emulsion after 14 days of exposure to ambient conditions, whereas pure TPEO evaporated faster, and around 20 % remained after 6 days. Encapsulated TPEO almost completely inhibited the growth of Phytophthora species during the ten-day day's exposition being statistically significantly improved compared to fungicide treatment. It was demonstrated that the emulsion exhibited a prolonged antimicrobial effect and successfully suppressed the growth of Phytophthora species, and can be considered as a means of protection in forests and crops
The Role and Significance of Operational Flood Defense Plans on the Waters Second-Order in Republic of Serbia
No full textThe aim of this research is to present the role and importance of planning documents for flood defense during the development of the Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) in the Republic of Serbia. The scope of the work is the Operational Plans for Flood Defense on Second-Order Waters (OPFDSWs), which are the responsibility of local governments units (LGU). The paper contains an overview analysis of the implementation of the Flood Risk Management Directive (FRMD) in the legal framework of the Republic of Serbia, as well as an analysis of the legislative framework in the field of flood defense. The method of multi-criteria analysis was used for a qualitative assessment of the elements that are part of the OPFDSW. Through the results and discussion of the work, the similarities between the OPFDSW and FRMP were highlighted and explained, which can serve to better understand the importance of quality production of the OPFDSW. In order to harmonize all activities on the territory of LGU, care should be taken that planning documentation for flood protection occupies one of the priority activities in the management of planning acts. The conclusion is that it is necessary to clearly define the rulebook on the methodology for the preparation of the OPFDSW, all in the function of the preparation of the FRMP
Effects of Erosion Control Works: Case Study-Reservoir Celije, Rasina River Basin, the Zapadna Morava River (Serbia)
No full textThe aim of this research was to analyze the impact of implemented erosion control works (ECW) on soil erosion intensity in the watershed of the Celije reservoir (Rasina River) in the period between 1968 and 2022. The Erosion Potential Method was used to calculate the annual gross erosion (W), sediment transport (G), and erosion coefficient (Z) in the study area. As a result of the performed ECW there was a general decreasing trend in the intensity of soil erosion processes in the last 54 years. The specific annual gross erosion was 1189.12 m3/km-2/year-1 in 1968, while in 2022 it was 554.20 m3/km-2/year-1. The specific sediment transport was 540.18 m3/km-2/year-1 in 1968 and 253.55 m3/km-2/year-1 in 2022. Due to the changes in the intensity of erosion processes, the specific annual gross erosion decreased by 634.92 m3/km-2/year-1 and the specific sediment transport decreased by 286.63 m3/km-2/year-1. The erosion coefficient was reduced from Z = 0.62 to Z = 0.35. A dependence between the slope of siltation and the natural bed slope was defined. The results show a significant correlation between erosion intensity and performed ECW, providing a basis for future watershed management and defining a strategy for soil erosion control in the Celije reservoir watershed
Identification of white willow gene pool on the great war island as a basis for monitoring and dynamic conservation
No full textIdentifying the gene pool at the population level, a specific area, or a species is fundamental for
assessing the state and risk level. Subsequently, particular conservation, sustainable use, and
monitoring activities are initiated. These activities are especially important for rare and/or
endangered species with isolated and relatively small populations, such as white willow in the
Great War Island area (Belgrade, Serbia). Field research was carried out to identify the white
willow gene pool. Individual trees and representatives of a group of trees were recorded, classified,
and georeferenced using the UTMGeoMap mobile application. The spatial arrangement of the
georeferenced trees was obtained by overlaying digital field data with a satellite image of the Great
War Island terrain andavector representation of department and section borders from Google Earth
Pro. In this way, data on the size of the gene pool and its spatial distribution were collected. For
each recorded individual tree or tree marked as representative of the group, the following
characteristics were determined: tree height, tree diameter at 1.30 m, trunk length, tree form, crown
quality, fullness, stem twisting, and health status. The research found that the white willow gene
pool is represented by older trees with significant damage, and there is no recorded natural
rejuvenation. These trees are exposed to many factors that lead to genetic erosion. The lack of white
willow reintroduction to the Great War Island through regular reforestation further threatens the
survival of this species. To preserve and enhance the white willow's ecological adaptability and
evolutionary potential on Great War Island, activities have been carried out to dynamically
conserve and sustainably use the available gene pool
Spontani razvoj mešovitih sastojina jele, smrče i bukve na Tari
No full textThe main objective of this study is to analyze the structural production
and dynamic changes of mixed forests of fir, spruce and beech on Mt. Tara, in permanent
sample plots which were exempt from the regular management over a period of more than
60 years (1955-2017). The results of the research indicate that during the analyzed period
mixed forests of fir, spruce and beech have undergone a number of changes in structural
and production terms. The significant presence of trees of large dimensions (volume
accumulation) slowed down the developmental dynamics of these stands and made
regeneration and recruitment difficult, which had a negative impact on their structural
development and, in general, on the stability of these stands. The results show that selection
forests are possible to achieve only with a permanent management approach and
adherence to the modern principles of close-to-nature forest management. In this sense,
selection cutting in the context of close-to-nature forest management is imposed as a means
of accelerating the dynamics of development of these forests, repairing their structural
development (by achieving and preserving their selection structure), ecological stability
and functional values. On the contrary, the absence of activity and spontaneous
development of these stands leads to a general devitalization and a deviation from the
desired goals
