Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) S.F. Gray: bioecological traits, significance, and medicinal potential (medicinal properties)
No full textG. frondosa se javlja kao fakultativni parazit ili saprofit na lišćarskim vrstama, retko na četinarima. Kod nas raste najčešće u osnovi hrastovih stabala, na panjevima hrasta i na korenu. Njena micelija raste više godina u korenu i pridanku starih stabala i izaziva belu, centralnu trulež sa mnogobrojnim malim šupljinama. Optimalna temperatura za njen rast je 24-28 °C, minimalna temperatura 12 °C, a maksimalna temperatura 32 °C. Na osnovu intenzitete reakcije i porasta kolonije na ovim podlogama ova gljiva je prema ključu Davidson, R. W. et al. (1938), svrstana u 7. grupu. U mnogim zemljama Evrope ova vrsta je ugrožena i nalazi se u nekom stepenu zaštite. Kod nas je vrlo retka vrsta. Infekciju ostvaruje micelijom, preko glavnog korena, prenoseći se kontaktom korena na okolna stabla. Zaražena stabla je veoma teško prepoznati, jer se sama plodonosna tela retko obrazuju, a i centralna trulež se teško uočava. Osim što izaziva trulež, ova vrsta poseduje veliki broj jedinjenja koja imaju primenu u lečenju raznih bolesti kod čovek
Assessment of adaptive genetic diversity at different scales using genomic approaches, to facilitate conservation within and outside forests
No full textConservation genomics has an important role in the identification of
genomic regions that are of adaptive significance and particular importance for the conservation of forest genetic resources. We performed
a structural literature review using the Scopus and Web of Science
databases and critical analysis regarding the assessment of adaptive
genetic diversity focusing on molecular genetic/genomic approaches
to facilitate conservation of perennial woody species within and outside forests. Based on our filtering approach we identified 166 pertinent
journal papers, but we focused specifically in 40 publications that were
selectedfor meta-analysis, based on a set of information content criteria.
The analysis included 33 species, among which 14 angiosperms (from
8 genera), and 19 gymnosperms (from 10 genera). We constructed a
database that included: article information; source variables; speciesrelated information; dataset variables; and genetic analysis statistics.
Our analysis concentrated on 10 variables from the above dataset. Fst
outlier loci and their relative importance in terms of strength of spatiallydivergent selection are not evenly distributed in populations; no association between number of populations assessed and number/Fst value
of outlier loci was found. The same holds for the extent of spatial sampling, indicating the locality of selection. No link to population genetics
parameters was found either. However, increasing the sampling effort
overall and sampling from populations of high genetic diversity is associated to the detection of spatially-divergent selection. These results,
besides adding in local adaptation studies, can also contribute to the
design of in situ conservation efforts for natural populations of perennial woody plants
Factors modulating the relationship of plant size and shoot-to-root mass ratio with outplanting survival in forest plantations
No full textMorphological traits are used to assess seedling quality and remove plants with low out-planting
performance potential. However, there is disagreement on the optimal seedling size. While some
studies show higher survival with larger seedlings, others report the opposite. The balance between
shoot and root size is another morphological attribute that has received much attention in the forestry
sector. There is consensus that seedlings with a disproportionately large shoot relative to the roots
should be avoided, but criteria for defining imbalances are unclear. Across studies, the relationship
between seedling shoot to root mass ratio (S/R) and outplanting survival within species is
inconsistent. This presentation uses a meta-analysis of the published literature to assess how field
conditions and planting practices influence the direction (positive, negative, or neutral) and the
magnitude of the effect of seedling size and the S/R ratio on seedling survival globally.
Seedling size at planting was positively related to survival while S/R was not. Climate aridity did not
affect the seedling size-survival relationship. Surprisingly, S/R relationships were slightly more positive
in dry sites than in humid ones. In arid locations, gymnosperms showed a stronger seedling sizesurvival relationship than angiosperms. Bareroot plants and plants older than 1-year tended to show
negative size and S/R relationships in dry locations, while container stock and younger plants tend to
show positive relationships. In humid climates, stocktype and plant age affected little the seedling
morphology-survival relationships. High soil preparation intensity positively influenced the survival
relationship with seedling size and especially S/R in dry climates.
The study suggests that larger seedlings and those with higher S/R ratios are not more vulnerable to
drought suggesting that in most study cases seedlings are not morphologically imbalanced to reduce
their survival. Field practices, environmental conditions or functional traits that confer high drought
resistance facilitate the establishment of larger seedlings and seedlings with higher S/R ratios
Varijabilnost bele vrbe (salix alba l.) na području PIO „Veliko ratno ostrvo” prema morfološkim svojstvima listova: osnova za procenu stanja genofonda
No full textThe gene pool assessment of woody species has multiple significance in biotechnology. This research paper studied the morphological traits of white willow leaves in the Landscapes of Outstanding Features (LOF) “Great War Island”. The variability of leaf length, width, area, and circumference, as well as the petiole length of the white willow tested trees were determined. Different parameters show varying degrees of variability. The trees were grouped into multiple clusters based on the average distance of the tested parameters. The results provide a realistic basis for evaluating the gene pool and show great potential for the conservation and production of white willow reproductive material adapted to the changed habitat conditions in Serbia. In this way, the condition of this specific area, as well as other coastal forests in Serbia, is improved. It is possible to improve protection measures against harmful organisms, primarily pathogens of white willow leaves, by applying these findings and reducing the occurrence of certain types of harmful bacteria and fungi, which are associated with decreased vitality and poor physiological condition of trees. The results obtained in the research will facilitate the management and preservation of the white willow gene pool in these unique Landscapes of Outstanding Features
Construction and Calibration of Dripping Rainfall Simulator with a Single Dripper for Soil Research
No full textDripping rainfall simulators for soil research generate water drops with different types of drippers, such as plastic and glass tubes, drippers in a form of holes, irrigation drippers and hanging yarn, among which metal tubes are the most commonly used. Metal tubes appear in the form of capillaries with a flat tip or in the form of hypodermic needles. Hypodermic needles are suitable for this purpose because their diameter size is standardized with relatively small deviations from the standardized dimensions, they are available on the market, relatively cheap, made of stainless material and have a threaded connector (Luer taper). However, very often the descriptions of the rainfall simulators were not complete, nor was the calibration of the needles. In order to conduct calibration and define water drops diameter for different hypodermic needles size and dripping speed, it was constructed rainfall simulator with one dripper in a form of hypodermic needle. Simulator was designed in accordance to research of Rončević et al., (2022), needle calibration research and future soil research requirements. Simulator was intended primarily for laboratory use. It consists of structural support, water tank, water pump, mechanism of water flow regulation and simulator operation, water tank with dripper and dripper. Calibration was conducted for 11 different needles, ranging in size from 16 G to 32 G (G – gauge number), at different dripping speed, using drop counting sensor. Water drops are measured using weight measuring method. Obtained water drops size ranging from 3.70 to 1.48 mm. Based on research data, two nomograms were made for determination of interconnected parameters of potentially simulated rainfall: water drops size under different dripping speed, drippers discharge, number of drippers, and kinetic energy of water drops for the given falling height. The results of research provide the data necessary for the design of future dripping rainfall simulators for soil research and use of hypodermic needles as drippers.Vienna, Austria & Online, 14–19 April 202
Silicon differentially modifies leaf functional ionome and improves growth of oak seedlings subjected to combined biotic and abiotic stress
No full textSilicon (Si) has been extensively studied for its beneficial effects on plants under single-stressconditions, yet its role in modifying plant response to simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress exposure, which is prevalent under natural conditions, remains underexplored. This study was conducted in the plant-pathogen-soil model system consisting of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.),its root pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora plurivora, and limiting phosphorus (P) soil conditions.We analysed the impact of Si supply on plant growth and leaf mineral nutrient element profile(functional ionome) of oak seedlings subjected to biotic stress (P. plurivora root infection), abioticstress (low P), and their combination. The effect of Si on enhancing overall plant growth and roothealth was most prominent under the most severe stress conditions (combined P deficiency androot-pathogen infection), where it concomitantly influenced uptake and leaf accumulation of 10out of 13 nutrients analyzed. Silicon treatment reversed the patterns of stress-induced changes forthe following nutrients: P, boron (B), and magnesium (Mg) under P deficiency; P, B, sulfur (S) underpathogen attack, and nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo) under the combined stress. Silicon alsoaffected some leaf nutrients that were not changed by a particular stress itself and decreased leafMg levels under all the stresses. On the other hand, Si accumulation at adequate P supply wasincreased by pathogen attack. This exploratory study indicates the complexity of nutrient crosstalkin stressed plants, and opens more questions about genetic networks that control plant physiological responses under combined abiotic and biotic stresse
HPTLC method for screening of plant petals tyrosinase inhibitors
No full textPlant metabolites, especially those from medicinal herbs, rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, are concentrated in leaves and flowers but remain largely unexplored in flower petals.
Many studies have focused on examining the roots, leaves, or fruits2
, while limited research
has been conducted exclusively on flower petals of certain species. Considering that the petals of Serbian cultivated plants are generally unexplored, our study aimed to examine the
phenolic profile and anti-pigmentation potential of 17 methanolic extracts of petals originating from Serbia
Walnut wood steaming: chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the condensate to assess the potential application
No full textSteaming of green timber, a common industrial process for various hardwood species, significantly influences wood properties, including coloration and drying characteristics. However, the environmental implications of substantial volumes of condensate generated during wood steaming underscore the urgency for its sustainable management. This study explores the chemical composition of the condensate obtained during the 90-hour indirect steaming of walnut timber (WTSC), aiming to identify potential applications for this wastewater while addressing environmental risks. Chemical characterization of WTSC included qualitative LC-MS/MS analysis, determination of the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the content of selected phenolics. WTSC exhibited high TPC (188 mg gallic acid equivalents per L) and TFC (9.74 mg quercetin equivalents per L) values. Additionally, WTSC showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 (DPPH) = 61.4 mu g/mL and 103 mu g ascorbic acid equivalents per mL in FRAP assay). Specific phenolic compounds detected in the WTSC distinguish it from other wood industry effluents and are a consequence of the unique characteristics of walnut wood and conditions during steaming process. A variety of acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, gallic, cinnamic, cinnamic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, vanillic) and flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, naringenin, luteolin, kaempferol, chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, vitexin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, catechin, epicatechin, and quercitrin) were identified and quantified. The condensate exhibited higher TPC value and antioxidant activity than other wood industry effluents, positioning it as a promising natural antioxidant with potential applications in pharmaceutical and food industries. However, our short-term goal is to explore the potential use of WTSC as received - without isolating individual compounds - in studies focused on plant protection, textile dyeing, and wood-based panel production
Efficiency of the forest three-row seeder in acorn reseeding
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja efekata rada šumske trorede sejačice agregatirane na dva traktora različite nominalne snage. Razlika između nominalne snage traktora bila je 8.5 kW. Sejačica je tehničko rešenje ŠG "Sremska Mitrovica". Istraživanja su izvršena na površinama pripremljenim za podsejavanja semena hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.). U radu su analizirani efekti rada sejačice u zavisnosti od snage traktora. Primenjena je studija rada, odnosno metoda fotohronometraže i protočna metoda merenja vremena. Na bazi rezultata istraživanja proizilazi da u istim uslovima rada traktor veće snage ostvaruje i veće prosečne brzine u svim uslovima rada. Razlike iznose oko 15%. Učinci rada zavise od dužine parcele, odnosno sa povećanjem dužine smanjuje se učešća vremena okretanja u ukupnom vremenu rada. Jedan od elemenata koji ima uticaj na učinke rada je udaljenost žira za punjenje koša sejačice. Kako bi ovo vreme imalo što manji uticaj potrebno je pre početka rada izabrati optimalnu poziciju žira za punjenje koša sejačice. Definisanje uslova rada određeno je u zavisnosti od stanja pripremljenosti sečine i vlažnosti zemljišta. U toku rada javljali su se zastoji koji su rezultat konstrukcijskih nedostataka sejačice. Učinci su se kretali u rasponu od 1.81 ha/dan do 4.05 ha/ dan u zavisnosti od snage traktora, stanja setvene površine i dužine parcele. Prosečna potrošnja goriva traktora veće snage po efektivnom satu rada u istim uslovima je veća za 23.3%.This paper presents the results of a study on the effects of operating a forest triple seeder implement aggregated onto tractors of various nominal powers. The difference in nominal power among the tractors was 8.5 kW. The seeder implement utilized in the study is a technical solution from FE "Sremska Mitrovica". The research was conducted on areas prepared for the underseeding of pedunculate oak seeds. The paper analyzes the effects of seeder operation based on tractor power. The study employed work analysis, specifically the method of photochronometry and flow measurement of time. The research results indicate that under identical operating conditions, a tractor with higher Topola/Poplar 2024, 213, 43-54 www.ilfe.org 44 power achieves higher average speeds in all operating conditions, with differences of approximately 15%. The operational effects vary depending on the length of the plot, as an increase in length reduces the proportion of turnaround time in the total operation time. One of the factors influencing operational effects is the distance of the seed loading point from the seeder's basket. To minimize the impact of this time, it is necessary to select the optimal position for the seed loading point before starting operation. The definition of operating conditions is determined based on the condition of the cutting preparation and soil moisture. During operation, there were interruptions due to design flaws in the seeder, with operational effects ranging from 1.81 ha/day to 4.05 ha/day depending on tractor power, the condition of the sowing area, and plot length. The average fuel consumption of higher-powered tractors per effective hour of operation under identical conditions is 23.3% higher
The importance of non-EU-27 countries in supplying the EU-27 market with wooden pallets
No full textThis study analyses the supply of wooden pallets to the EU-27 market, paying particular attention to the importance of non-EU-27 countries as suppliers. The importance of South-East European countries, as non-EU-27 countries, in the supply of wooden pallets to the EU-27 market was specifically analyzed. The study focuses on the period 2002-2022. In addition to the trade volume, the import value of wooden pallets into the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries was also analyzed. To a limited extent, the types and characteristics of wooden pallets most commonly used on the EU-27 market were analyzed. Wooden pallets are subject to the EU Timber Regulation, i.e. the new EU Deforestation Regulation, which was adopted last year