Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Invazivne biljne vrste na dunavskom šetalištu u Novom Sadu
No full textInvazivne biljne vrste predstavljaju veliki problem i smetnju za očuvanje
biodiverziteta izazivajući značajne i nepovratne promene životne sredine, pre svega
promene u florističkoj strukturi i toku sukcesije. Invazivne vrste najpre zauzimaju
nestabilne ekosisteme a zatim širenjem na okolne prostore dolazi do njihove dominacije u
flori staništa. Šetališta duž rečnih obala su prostori koji lako mogu postati žarišta širenja
invazivnih biljnih vrsta zbog neposredne blizine vodotokova koji su odavno od strane
naučnika prepoznati kao glavni koridori širenja invazivnih vrsta, blizine grada kao glavnog
centra introdukcije neofita, velikog broja korisnika i rekreativnih aktivnosti koje izazivaju
destabilizaciju staništa.
Sve veći je broj invazivnih vrsta koje ozbiljno ugrožavaju ljudsko zdravlje, a
njihovo prisustvo na prostorima koji su namenjeni rekreaciji, kao što su rečna šetališta,
koja treba da predstavljaju mesta očuvanog i ″zdravog″ prostora, još je manje poželjno i
dopustivo
Harmonised statistics and maps of forest biomass and increment in Europe
No full textForest biomass is an essential resource in relation to the green transition and its assessment is key for the sustainable management of forest resources. Here, we present a forest biomass dataset for Europe based on the best available inventory and satellite data, with a higher level of harmonisation and spatial resolution than other existing data. This database provides statistics and maps of the forest area, biomass stock and their share available for wood supply in the year 2020, and statistics on gross and net volume increment in 2010-2020, for 38 European countries. The statistics of most countries are available at a sub-national scale and are derived from National Forest Inventory data, harmonised using common reference definitions and estimation methodology, and updated to a common year using a modelling approach. For those counties without harmonised statistics, data were derived from the State of Europe's Forest 2020 Report at the national scale. The maps are coherent with the statistics and depict the spatial distribution of the forest variables at 100 m resolution
Agricultural Habitat Heterogenity Impact on the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) Density in Vojvodina Region (Serbia)
No full textThroughout Europe agriculture intensification during the last decades has dramatically changed the structure of the farmland landscape with an intensive impact on ecosystem stability. Changes in the production led to decreased habitat heterogeneity and to decline in biodiversity, including the European hare (Lepus europaeus), especially in the lowland regions. Even though European hare mostly adapted to intensive agricultural habitats, the population densities have decreased throughout Europe since the 1960s. Previous research reported field size to be one of the most important predictors of the hare population. We aimed to assess the effect of habitat heterogeneity and structure on hare habitat selection i.e. population density. Using hunting organization census data we explored the population density and habitat preference of the European hare in spring 2020 in the hunting ground, Ba & ccaron;ka - Ba & ccaron;ki Petrovac. The average population density of European hare significantly differed between four fractions of the hunting ground - Ba & ccaron;ki Petrovac, Kulpin, Glo & zcaron;an, and Magli & cacute;. Density varied from 27 in Ba & ccaron;ki Petrovac to 50 individuals per 100 ha in Magli & cacute;. The population was negatively affected by mean patch size and by the area under no vegetation during the winter period. Conservation measures should focus on enhancing habitat heterogeneity by reducing field size, and fostering sowing during the late autumn period
Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst. - bioecological characteristics, significance and possibility of use for medical purposes (medicinal properties)
No full textInonotus hispidus se razvija kao parazit na živim stablima i prouzrokuje belu, centralnu trulež. Infekcije se ostvaruju preko ozleda na granama ili stablima. Sposobnost da izaziva i „rak rane“, razlikuje I. hispidus od drugih gljiva koje izazivaju samo trulež srčike. U Srbiji je dosta česta na orahu (Juglans regia), crnom orahu (Juglans nigra), platanu (Platanus acerifolia) i jasenu (Fraxinus excelsior). U gradskim uslovima, osim na platanu, karpofore se ponekad javljaju i na divljem kestenu (Aesculus hippocastanum), javoru (Acer pseudoplatanus), ceru (Quercus cerris) i nekim voćkama (npr. Malus spp.). Kolonija ove gljive na podlogama sa dodatkom galne i taninske kiseline pokazuje pozitivnu oksidaznu reakciju (difuziona zona je tamnosmeđa, neprozirna, raširena na znatnoj distanci od oboda kolonije, jednakog intenziteta i na podlozi sa galnom i na podlozi sa taninskom kiselinom). Posle sedam dana rast kolonije na podlozi sa galnom kiselinom u tragovima, dok je prečnik kolonije na podlozi sa taninskom kiselinom između 1-2 cm i na osnovu toga ova gljiva je, prema ključu Davidson et al. (1938), svrstana u 5. grupu. Gljiva I. hispidus poseduje veliki broj jedinjenja koja imaju potencijalnu primenu u lečenju raznih bolesti kod čoveka, a najznačajnije u lečenju raznih vrsta kancera
Variability of Morpho-Anatomical Characteristics of Different Willow Clones Contaminated with Heavy Metals
No full textIn this paper, the variability of morphological (stem height, stem basal diameter, proportion of pith, wood and bark) and wood anatomical characteristics (fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen diamater, double cell-wall thickness, vessel diameter, wood rays width and height) of three Salix alba clones (B-44, 347 and NS 73/6) and one Salix viminalis clone both in the control plot and in the site contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) was investigated. The observed results showed that individuals of all four clones had significantly higher average values of stem height and stem basal diameter at the control plot compared to the polluted site. As for the proportion of pith, bark and wood, heavy metals caused an increase in the share of pith and a decrease in the share of bark and wood in all clones with the exception of clone NS 73/6. The analysis of wood fiber dimensions showed that the values of all parameters were higher at the control site with the exception of fiber lumen diameter where higher values were observed for clones B-44 and NS 73/6 at the polluted site. Higher values of vessel diameter were recorded for all clones at the control plot, while wood rays width of all individuals was greater at the contaminated site. Regarding the wood rays height, only Salix viminali s showed higher value at the polluted site. These results confirmed that pollution-induced heavy metal stress significantly altered the morphological and wood anatomical characteristics of all researched clones and that it may affect their utility properties
First report of Cryphonectria carpinicola on Carpinus betulus in Serbia
No full textWhen monitoring the health status of various woody host plants in urban areas in Serbia, symptoms indicative of Cryphonectria-like infection were recorded on European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) trees in the natural monument 'Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade'. One tree was affected by crown dieback while another one showed dieback of branches. Bark lesions were found on stems which contained numerous stromata with fruiting bodies and orange tendrils. Conidiomata were recorded solely in the infected tissue, producing hyaline, aseptate and bacilloid-shaped conidia with dimensions of 3.4 +/- 0.46 x 1.2 +/- 0.12 mu m. In the isolation tests, all plated bark pieces were positive, and 25 isolates were obtained. Colonies on different agar media were white in the beginning, turning into orange-red colour during ageing. Optimum temperature for growth was 25 degrees C and no growth was recorded at 30 degrees C. A GenBank blast search and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences of five representative isolates revealed their identity as Cryphonectria carpinicola. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. carpinicola on hornbeam trees in Serbia, and implications of this finding are discussed
The study of jasminum nudiflorum lindl. In urban green infrastructure in conditions of climate change in Belgrade, Serbia
No full textThe research aims to assess the significance of early (winter) jasmine as a fundamental component within Belgrade's urban green infrastructure (UGI) in Serbia. Through a specific case study, it investigates the intricate interplay between climate, biodiversity, and vegetation across spatial and temporal scales influenced by climate change. The study analizes the layout of UGI, its various spatial typologies, and the importance of relation between these characteristics, morphology and phenology for the social and cultural context. Results demonstrate that Weeping Winter Jasmine, particularly during its cold-season flowering phase, enhances visual appeal and attractiveness without conflicting with ethical, spiritual, or cultural values. Morphological analysis of 2,250 flowers revealed a distinction between trimmed and free-growing plants, yet differing characteristics did not impact flowering abundance or visual perception. Flowering phenology was monitored across the municipalities of Savski venac, Vra & ccaron;ar, and & Ccaron;ukarica to assess shifts in flowering patterns. Over the autumn, winter, and spring of 2022/2023, 30,925 phenological observations were recorded, while 125,600 from the period 2007-2022 were utilized to determine key flowering phases and events important for landscape design. Cluster analysis delineated location 3 from locations 1 and 2, which share similarities and are influenced by the urban heat island (UHI) effect, confirming phenological changes are a prominent indicator of climate change. Despite belonging to the oldest group, location 3 individuals exhibited the longest flowering phenophase, commencing 54.5 days earlier and concluding 15 days later compared to the previous sixteen-year period. The study confirmed the importance of Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. as a UGI element in Belgrade, sustaining vibrant and cascading displays throughout the colder months and maintianing social and cultural contribution of the location amidst climate change
Unveiling human-nature interaction: Qualitative exploration of perceived benefits of urban gardening
No full textThe study seeks to provide insights into the subjective experiences and perceived benefits of urban gardening by gardeners in the city of Belgrade. It encompassed several forms of urban gardens, both collective and individual. The study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 44 gardeners, supplemented by field observations. Thematic analysis revealed seven key themes of benefits. The findings slightly diverged from studies in developed countries, demonstrating less emphasis on the social aspects of urban gardening, as participants did not view social interaction as a primary motivation. Also, there was a stronger focus on the productive and economic aspects of gardening among the retired low-income population of home gardeners with previous experience in agriculture
Phylogeography, origin and population structure of the self-fertile emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora pseudosyringae
No full textPhytophthora pseudosyringae is a self-fertile pathogen of woody plants, particularly associated with tree species from the genera Fagus, Notholithocarpus, Nothofagus and Quercus, which is found across Europe and in parts of North America and Chile. It can behave as a soil pathogen infecting roots and the stem collar region, as well as an aerial pathogen infecting leaves, twigs and stem barks, causing particular damage in the United Kingdom and western North America. The population structure, migration and potential outcrossing of a worldwide collection of isolates were investigated using genotyping-by-sequencing. Coalescent-based migration analysis revealed that the North American population originated from Europe. Historical gene flow has occurred between the continents in both directions to some extent, yet contemporary migration is overwhelmingly from Europe to North America. Two broad population clusters dominate the global population of the pathogen, with a subgroup derived from one of the main clusters found only in western North America. Index of association and network analyses indicate an influential level of outcrossing has occurred in this preferentially inbreeding, homothallic oomycete. Outcrossing between the two main population clusters has created distinct subgroups of admixed individuals that are, however, less common than the main population clusters. Differences in life history traits between the two main population clusters should be further investigated together with virulence and host range tests to evaluate the risk each population poses to natural environments worldwide
Die-hard seedlings. A global meta-analysis on the factors determining the effectiveness of drought hardening on growth and survival of forest plantations
No full textDrought hardening is a nursery technique aimed to enhance early forest plantation establishment under dry conditions, which is a main limiting factors for plantation success. However, the quantitative effectiveness of drought hardening remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of different factors in the effectiveness of drought hardening on seedling post-planting survival and growth. Overall, drought hardening did not significantly affect survival or growth, as several factors induced great heterogeneity, but analyses of those factors explained its effectiveness, especially on survival. A longer time between hardening and transplanting strongly reduced survival. Indoor-grown seedlings did not benefit more from hardening than outdoor-grown seedlings. Evaluations of drought hardening effectiveness in pots showed positive effects on survival but negative effects on growth, while no effects were found in large bed experiments. In field experiments, hardening significantly increased survival and growth with site aridity. Survival benefits were independent of species drought tolerance, measured by osmotic potential at the turgor loss point (pi tlp), in moderate to high aridity sites. However, in low aridity sites, hardening increased survival in drought-tolerant species but decreased it in drought-intolerant species. Field results showed that hardening benefited shrubs more than trees in angiosperms. In conclusion, drought hardening at the end of nursery cultivation tend to increase post-planting seedling performance particularly in scenarios limiting post-planting root growth such as in arid climates and pot experiments. Our findings highlight the importance of future research on modelling the interaction between these technical features and species water use strategies.