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The Impact of Climate Variability on the Blooming of Fraxinus ornus 'Globosa' as a Component of Novi Sad's (Serbia) Green Infrastructure
No full textClimate change increasingly impacts urban dendroflora, affecting plant physiology and phenological phases. This paper investigates the impact of changing climatic conditions on the blooming of Fraxinus ornus 'Globosa', a decorative form of ash that is a significant component of green infrastructure in Novi Sad, Serbia. The research, conducted over 15 years on 42 individuals in a linear planting near a large river, analyzed temperature and precipitation effects on blooming times and inflorescence characteristics The results indicate changes in the timing of blooming, earlier than recorded in the literature, suggesting that temperature variations and changes in climatic conditions have significantly influenced the phenological phases of the selected clones of globe flowering ash. Additionally, the studied individuals showed exceptional adaptation to climate change and are not considered vulnerable. This study confirmed that this cultivar of flowering ash in urban environments is a key link in the green infrastructure of cities, functioning as green corridors along river flows as a nature-based solution. The studied cultivar is an important element of cultural heritage, contributing to the recreational potential of the linear composition of the promenade, especially during the flowering phenophase, when, in addition to its aesthetic values, it has psychological effects on users of the space, offering a calming influence due to its regular canopy and planting rhythm. Additionally, this cultivar provides important ecological functions, such as offering pollen for pollinators, thereby significantly contributing to the implementation of ecosystem services
PRO_DROAKS: Physiological and morphological responses of oak seedlings to drought stress
No full textOak forests in Serbia occupy 32% of total forest land and most of them are coppice forests which belong to the area
of central Serbia. Current state of these forests can be considered as unsatisfactory and there is a need for their
restoration. At the same time, high percent of oak forests belong to the mature stage of development and require
regeneration. Regeneration and restoration of oak forests is very complex and uncertain because there are numerous
factors which influence this process. Some of these factors became more unpredictable during intensive climate
changes such as mast years or strong drought stress during summer months. Climate change predictions for Balkan
Peninsula are discouraging and indicate potential greater problems in future so approach to oak forests restoration
and regeneration need to be reconsidered. One of the main factors which affected regeneration and restoration of
these forests is drough
Dying of pine trees in Ušće and Kalemegdan parks in Belgrade due to the complex of pathogens and insects
No full textBorovi (Pinus spp.) su vrste sa vrlo širokom ekološkom i geografskom amplitudom.
Zastupljeni su u Srbiji u prirodnim ili veštački podignutim šumama i u urbanim sredinama gde
imaju značajnu estetsku funkciju. Poslednjih decenija zbog izmenjenih ekoloških uslova ove
vrste su postale podložne različitim uzročnicima bolesti i novim štetočinama, koje se javljaju u
povećanoj brojnosti. Prisustvo aerozagađenja u gradovima utiče na njihovo zdravstveno stanje.
Podizanje zelenih površina u Novom Beogradu počinje 1947. godine, kada je na levoj obali
reke Save posađena grupacija borova koja je bila predmet istraživanja, kao i stabla u blizini Palate
Srbija. Istraživanja zdravstvenog stanja borova obavljena su i u parku Kalemegdan od maja do
septembra 2023. godine vizuelnim metodom i gajenjem uzoraka u laboratoriji. Metodom
feromonskih klopki se prate populacije insekata od 2019. godine na navedenim lokalitetima.
Na svim lokalitetima evidentirano je prisustvo potpuno suvih stabala i mnogobrojni
simptomi koji ukazuju na ugroženo zdravstveno stanje preostalih stabala (redukovana krošnja,
polomljene grane, grane sa kojih su četine potpuno opale ili su promenile boju, potištena
iskrivljena stabla). Analizom sakupljenih četina i grana na svim lokalitetima evidentirano je
prisustvo parazitskih i saprofitskih gljiva. Najčešće su parazitske gljive Mycosphaerella pini Rostrup
apud Munk.(Syn. Scirrhia pini Funk et Parker) (n.f. Dothistroma pini Hulbary) koja izaziva bolest
crvena prstenasta pegavost borovih četina, Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko &Sutton i Lophodermium
pinastri (Schrad.) Chev koja izaziva crvenilo i osipanje četina iz prethodne vegetacije. Od insekata
zabeležene su sledeće vrste: Acanthocinus aedilis (L.), Arhopalus rusticus (L.), Spondylis buprestoides
(L.) i Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Phaenops cyanea (F.),
Chrysobothris sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Ips sexdentatus (Boern.), Tomicus minor Hartig
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Od prirodnih neprijatelja ksilofagnih insekata, najčešći
su: Temnoscheila caerulea (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae) i Thanasimus formicarius (L.)
(Coleoptera: Cleridae) i Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera).
Zabeležena su i mnogobrojna oštećenja nastala pod uticajem antropogenog faktora.
Analizirana stabla nalaze se na lokalitetima koji su vrlo atraktivni i značajni za stanovnike
Beograda i posetioce parkova. Neophodno je sprovesti redovan monitoring svih stabala kako bi se
pravovremeno primenjivale integralne mere zaštite u kritičnom periodu za konstatovane infekcije
i štetočine a u skladu sa klimatskim uslovima. Potrebno je sprovoditi mere zaštite prirodnih
neprijatelja
AGFORWEB a project for bridging agroforestry education and practice in Western Balkans
No full textAgroforestry practices on West Balkan: weaknesses and strengths – AGFORWEB is a two-year project co-funded by EU through Erasmus+ program Key Action 2 Partnership for cooperation.
Agroforestry offers nature-based solutions in many aspects, starting from improving the environment
and combating climate change to improving the socio-economic status of the local community. In this regard, there is a need to raise people’s awareness of the potentials, benefits, and advantages of agroforestry
both for environmental protection and human well-being, and for education of the agroforestry professionals who are able to support stakeholders in planning, design and practicing agroforestry.
The aim of the AGFORWEB project is to provide a solid foundation for the education of new professionals
in the field of agroforestry who should master the knowledge of state-of-the-art agroforestry systems and
practices and digital skills and competences. Their support in implementation of agroforestry should be
valuable starting from farm to landscape level. Also, the intention of AGFORWEB is to strengthen the cooperation between higher education and the local community and strengthen the connection between science
and practice (Fig. 1).
The education of professionals who are able to effectively plan and design agroforestry practices to
accomplish potentials of agroforestry requires well-tailored curricula of Agroforestry modules. To achieve this, seven curricula in the field of Agroforestry have been revised and adapted to meet the needs of
country-specific environmental and socio-economic conditions. New learning materials will be created for
students in the form of textbook, manual, and multimedia material for mastering digital skills.
The building a digital database on the most commonly used agroforestry practices in consortium countries is the core output of the project. This database is intended to enable the improvement of education
and raising of digital literacy, in terms of the development and improvement of digital skills and research.
Maintaining the database should be a continuous process that includes further improvement and addition
of data on newly implemented agroforestry practices. In this process are involved students, researchers,
farmers, local self-government, and enterprises interested in agroforestry implementation. Together, they
should contribute to the growth and improvement of the database through data collection in the monitoring
process. These activities strengthen cross-sectorial cooperation.
Lifelong learning publications are prepared for agroforestry practitioners - local farmers, enterprises,
self-government, and other stakeholders. The methodology applied for preparation of lifelong learning
publication involved combining academic knowledge and real-life experience in establishment of most
common agroforestry practices with participatory approach focused on conducting workshops that enable
various participant groups (farmers, decision makers) to achieve tangible outcomes. These workshops are
designed to explore and apply subsidy mechanisms offered by various donors, with the aim of encouraging
greater adoption of agroforestry systems.
AGFORWEB gathered five institutions from four countries: the countries of the European Union - Croatia
and Bulgaria and the countries of the Western Balkans - Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of this cooperation
is the exchange of experiences in education and practice of agroforestry between partners and co-creation
of knowledge.
The outputs of this project can be the base for further networking and knowledge exchange in the development of policy for agroforestry in Western Balkans
Investigation of the possibility of gpt application in specific engineering analysis
No full textVeštačka inteligencija je grana računarstva
koja je dramatično povećala svoju
primenjivost poslednjih godina. Modeli poput
GPT-4 omogućavaju pojedincima i
ogranizacijama da koriste te mogućnosti u
različitim oblastima nauke i tehnike na
relativno lak i jeftin način. U radu je
predstavljena primena veštačke inteligencije u
dve oblasti: termodinamici i upravljanju
kvalitetom vazduha pod pritiskom.
Primenjivost u ove dve oblasti se testira kroz
postavljanje pitanja iz ovih oblasti. Odgovori
na pitanja se na kraju analiziraju. Korišćenjem
mogućnosti koje nude Internet tehnologije i
tehnike programiranja napravljeni su
preduslovi za eksperimente. Veštačka
inteligencija danas prevazilazi neke usko
tehničke primene i sve više postaje važan alat
u nauci, istraživanju ali i poslovanju i iz tog
razloga postoji opravdanost za istraživanja
poput onih koja su predstavljena u ovom radu
Dynamic height growth models for highly productive pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) stands: explicit mapping of site index classification in Serbia
No full textKey message We applied the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) to develop dynamic models of height growth for pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Serbia. According to the dominant heights, the studied region comprises some of Europe's most productive sites for pedunculate oak. Therein, we have generated a map showing the current site index class of stands. Such a map could be used to enhance forest management and evaluate climate change impacts. Context Although sustainable forest management requires reliable prediction of forest site productivity, such indicators are currently unavailable for pedunculate oak sites in Serbia. The site index (SI) curves represent the most commonly used indirect scale for site productivity classification. The dynamic equations derived by the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) are the state-of-the-art approach in growth modeling, but they have not been widely applied for studying the height dynamics of pedunculate oak. Aims The main objectives of this study were to develop the first dynamic site index curves for pedunculate oak in Serbia and subsequently to provide stand-level maps with predicted site indices. Methods We have tested five flexible polymorphic equations with variable asymptotes derived by the GADA approach. Models were calibrated using artificially established growth trajectories obtained from 3636 detailed temporary sample plots. The selection of the most suitable model was accomplished according to (1) quantitative measures of goodness of fit, (2) the analysis of residual scattering, and (3) the biological plausibility of obtained height growth curves. Results After correcting the error terms with a continuous first-order autoregressive structure and conducting a three-stage performance analysis, the GADA dynamic site index model derived from the Hossfeld base equation shows the best overall properties. Insight into the oscillations of relative error suggested that 100 years is the most suitable age for site index referencing. Comparison with existing height growth models revealed greater flexibility and a considerably better representation of the height growth dynamic of pedunculate oak in the studied region. Additionally, we have produced a spatially explicit map showing the expected SI100 for 1907 stands with pedunculate oak within 22 management units. Conclusion Dynamic SI-curves based on GADA will serve forest practitioners to update management plans and serve as a reference point for benchmarking the impact of climate change and for developing adaptation strategies. The utilized approach allowed unbiased estimation of SI100 across all age classes so that the results could be mapped at a broader scale. This study provides the second known application of the dynamic model for pedunculate oak in Europe but the first that includes some of the most productive sites in the species distribution range
Biodesign of street light inspired by species of Genus pelargonium sp.
No full textBiodizajn je savremena disciplina koja inspiraciju pronalazi u prirodnim oblicima i
procesima, primenjujući ih u stvaranju funkcionalnih, održivih i vizuelno privlačnih rešenja. U
ovom radu fokus je na istraživanju domena biodizajna kroz kreiranje kandelabra inspirisanog
vrstama iz roda Pelargonium sp. (muškatlama). Muškatla je izuzetno rasprostranjena višegodišnja
biljna vrsta, bogate istorije, koja je prisutna u mnogim vrtovima i pejzažima zbog svoje
jedinstvenosti i otpornosti na različite klimatske uslove. Analizirajući ključne karakteristike
predstavljene cvetne vrste i roda kome pripada, istražuje se estetika i funkcionalnost koje biodizajn
može da pruži u stvaranju inovativnih rešenja. Softveri Blender 3.3.1. i Lumion 12 poslužili su
kao alat za digitalnu vizuelizaciju čiji je rezultat konceptualno kreiranje kandelabra inspirisano
cvetom muškatle u svojoj početnoj razvojnoj fazi pupoljka. Prikazana je procedura modelovanja
do finalnog ambijentalnog 3D prikaza. Finalni koncept interaktivnog kandelabra predstavlja
funkcionalno i estetski prihvatljivo inovativno biodizajnersko rešenje koje je i samoodrživo jer je
predviđeno solarno napajanje dinamičih delova koji se otvaraju kao latice i uključuju i isključuju u
skladu sa prelaskom iz dana u noć. Predstavljeno biodizajnersko interaktivno rešenje predstavlja
primer primene principa biomimikrije u domenu biodizajnerske digitalne kreacije inspirisano
cvetom roda Pelargonium sp
Wild cherry (Prunus avium l.) – from the nursery to the landscape of Great war island
No full textKao predeo izuzetnih odlika, Veliko ratno ostrvo je tačka najvećeg biodiverziteta
ornitofaune na teritoriji Beograda. Odlikuje se malim brojem drvenastih vrsta, čiji genofond se,
iz godine u godinu, uvećava kroz planirana pošumljavanja. Pored autohtonih vrsta, planirano je
i pošumljavanje divljom trešnjom, koja je izvor hrane za ptice i svojom dekorativnošću doprinosi
vizuri samog predela.
Kada je reč o ovakvim pošumljavanjima, posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti poreklu sadnog
materijala. U tom kontekstu, obavljena je analiza gen-ekološkog potencijala različitih linija
polusrodnika divlje trešnje u rasadničkom testu i na prostoru Velikog ratnog ostrva, na kome je
osnovan terenski ogled.
Semenski materijal sakupljen je sa 14 materinskih stabala sa područja planina Kosmaj
– KO (3), Bešnjaja – BE (10) i Jastrebac – JA (1), u julu 2018. godine. Rasadniči test je osnovan
u septembru iste godine, u rasadniku Šumarskog fakulteta. Tokom dve godine istraživanja, u
rasadničkom testu su praćeni: dinamika klijanja, parametri rasta (visine i prečnici) i mortalitet na
kraju svake vegetacije.
Klijanje je bilo neujednačeno i trajalo je do kraja maja 2019. godine. Prosečna vrednost
prečnika na kraju prve vegetacije iznosi 2,91 mm, a na kraju druge 8,52 mm, sa visokim
koeficijentom varijacije (CV1p=31,80%, CV2p=26,60%, respektivno). Prosečna vrednost za visine
na kraju prve vegetacije je 17,13 cm, a na kraju druge 64,87 cm, takođe, sa visokim koeficijentom
varijacije (CV1h=46,08%, CV2h=38,92%, respektivno). Svi mereni parametri pokazuju statistički
značajne razlike za obe godine merenja (Р ≤ 0,05), što ukazuje na snažan efekat genetičke kontrole.
Prosečan godišnji debljinski prirast iznosi 5,50 mm, a visinski 45,70 mm. U rasadničkom testu
procenat preživelih biljaka je 29%, pri čemu je najveći procenat preživljavanja evidentiran za
sadnice linije BE03 (56%), a najmanji za BE07 (7%). Najveći mortalitet zabeležen je u drugoj
vegetaciji (57%).
Sadnja na Velikom ratnom ostrvu izvršena je novembra 2020. godine. Na kraju 2022.
godine 35% sadnica je preživelo. Linija sa najvećim procentom preživljavanja je KO03 (69%), dok
je linija BE09 sa najmanjim (20%). Prosečan prirast prečnika u nivou zemlje na terenu iznosio je
14,61 mm, a visina 147,08 cm. Linija sa najvećim vrednostima prečnika i visina je BE01 (24,33 mm,
220,0 cm, respektivno), dok su najmanje vrednosti prosečnog prečnika zabeležene za liniju BE09
(13,13 mm), a visina za BE02 (128,0 mm).
Unošenjem proizvedenih sadnica divlje trešnje obogaćen je biodiverzitet i unapređen
predeo Velikog ratnog ostrva, a dobijeni rezultati tokom ovih istraživanja poslužiće kao osnova za
dalju, namensku, proizvodnju sadnog materijala divlje trešnje za pošumljavanje ovakvih i sličnih
predela
Silviculture in the function of sustainable forest management - Case study of SE „Srbijašume“
No full textSilviculture implies forest cultivation procedures in stands with the task of fulfilling the goals
of forest management. Silviculture is the basic activity of SE "Srbijašumе", which includes
the procedure of professional and planned implementation of auxiliary measures, restoration,
care, and establishment of new forests, which will optimally and permanently fulfill economic
and general forest functions. The long-term strategic goals of SE "Srbijašume" in the field of
silviculture are: improving the condition of existing forests and increasing the area under
forest. Active forest management has its own requirements, which can only be met if, among
other things, adequate planning and implementation of cultivation measures are ensured. The
paper will show the structure of planning and execution of types of silviculture works on the
example of SE "Srbijašume" in the past period, both in state and private forests. SE
"Srbijašume" plans and carries out silviculture works in state forests on an area of 775,474 ha,
but also performs professional - advisory work related to silviculture in the private owner's
forests on an area of 1,222,624 ha, which includes about 3.4 million cadastral plots and about
1,000,000 owners. The paper will assess whether the level of planning (at the strategic and
operational level) of silviculture works represents a sufficiently secure framework to ensure
sustainable forest management in Serbia.
The paper's second goal is to perform an analysis (trend of growth, decline) on the extent of
planning and execution of works on silviculture in the observed periods, but also an analysis
of these phenomena in relation to ownership. The paper will give certain recommendations on
how to improve the current situation in the field of silviculture in relation to planning,
execution, and their impact on forest management for the conditions of Serbia through the
example of SE "Srbijašume"