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Management of wildlife populations in urban and protected areas of Serbia
No full textPostoje mnogi problemi širom Srbije u planskom i racionalnom (održivom)
upravljanju lovištima i populacijama divljači, uglavnom uslijed gubitka i fragmentacije lovno-produktivnih površina. Skoro svake godine, u najvećem broju lovišta,
realiziraju se raznovrsne privredne aktivnosti koje značajno mijenjaju i najčešće pogoršavaju uvjete staništa za divljač (npr. intenzivno povrtlarstvo, rudarstvo, turizam,
osnivanje plantaža drveća). Službeni statistički podaci koji se odnose na gubitke divljači u prometu imaju rastući trend u razdoblju od 2011. do 2021. godine, naročito jedinki glavnih vrsta – obični jelen (2 naspram 12), srna (428 naspram 1031),
zec (1345 naspram 2783), čagalj (36 naspram 79), lisica (132 naspram 159), jazavac
(17 naspram 103) i vuk (0 naspram 2). Jedinstven i kompleksan problem u tipičnoj
poljoprivrednoj regiji Vojvodine su obloženi kanali za navodnjavanje na poroznom
zemljištu (npr. Kula – Mali Iđoš, Karađorđevo Sever i Jaša Tomić), koji su rijetko proučavani kao potencijalne pravolinijske prepreke za kretanje divljači. U novije vrijeme
postoje problemi uslijed pojavljivanja divljači u urbanim područjima i na nelovnim
površinama (npr. divlja svinja, lisica, čagalj). Zaštićena područja obuhvaćaju 10,4 %
od ukupne površine Srbije, ali je plan nadležnih institucija da se ovaj postotak poveća
u sljedećem razdoblju. Međutim, populacije divljači i njihova staništa u zaštićenim
područjima također su izloženi raznim prijetnjama i negativnim utjecajima. Tijekom
2023. i 2024. godine, Ministarstvo zaštite životne sredine u skladu sa stručnim osnovama Zavoda za zaštitu prirode Srbije, izdalo je oko sto „negativnih” rješenja kojima
se odbijaju zahtjevi kao što su: izgradnja stambenih i pomoćnih objekata, vikendica
i pristupnih puteva, postavljanje pokretnih objekata (zglobni autobus) za izdavanje
skijaške opreme, izgradnja solarnih elektrana i korištenje materijala s privremenog
pozajmišta za rekonstrukciju šumskog puta. Cilj je ovoga rada dati pregled definiranih postupaka i realiziranih mjera u Srbiji za ublažavanje unaprijed navedenih problema i negativnih utjecaja na populacije divljači, s naglaskom na njihovu efikasnost
i mogućnost primjene u zemljama sa sličnim problemimaThere are many problems throughout Serbia in the planning and rational (sustainable) management of hunting grounds and wildlife populations, mainly due to
the loss and fragmentation of hunting-productive areas. Nearly every year, in the
majority of hunting grounds, various economic activities are carried out which significantly change and often worsen habitat conditions for wildlife (e.g., intensive vegetable farming, mining, tourism, establishment of tree plantations). Official statistical data concerning wildlife losses in traffic show an increasing trend from 2011 to
2021, especially for individuals of main species – red deer (2 vs. 12), roe deer (428 vs.
1,031), brown hare (1,345 vs. 2,783), jackal (36 vs. 79), fox (132 vs. 159), badger (17
vs. 103), and wolf (0 vs. 2). A unique and complex problem in the typical agricultural
region of Vojvodina are the lined irrigation canals on porous soil (e.g., Kula – Mali
Iđoš, Karađorđevo Sever, and Jaša Tomić), which have rarely been studied as potential linear barriers to wildlife movement. Recently, problems have arisen due to the
appearance of wildlife in urban areas and non-hunting grounds (e.g., wild boar, fox,
jackal). Protected areas cover 10.4 % of Serbia’s total area, but the plan of the relevant
institutions is to increase this percentage in the near future. However, wildlife populations and their habitats in protected areas are also exposed to various threats and
negative impacts. During 2023 and 2024, in accordance with the expert plan of the
Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued about 100 “negative” decisions rejecting requests such as: construction of
residential buildings and support facilities, vacation homes, and access roads; installation of mobile units (articulated buses) for ski equipment rental; construction of
solar power plants; and use of material from temporary borrow pits for forest road
reconstruction. The aim of this paper is to review the defined procedures and implemented measures in Serbia to mitigate the above-mentioned problems and negative
impacts on wildlife populations, with an emphasis on their effectiveness and potential application in countries with similar problems
Sistem u oblaku za praćenje i upravljanje procesom sušenja baziran na mikrokontroleru i veb aplikaciji
No full textThis paper introduces a drying system integrated with a web application for the remote monitoring and management of the drying process in a small laboratory dryer. The application enables users to set and adjust critical drying parameters and store data in an appropriate format for further analysis. An overview of the relevant literature and previous works of the author is provided. Key aspects of the drying process, along with its critical parameters, are discussed in detail, followed by an overview of the system's hardware and software components.The interface and functionalities of the web application are explained, and the results of the conducted experiments are presented. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings, demonstrating that the main goal, utilizing modern technologies such as React.js, JavaScript, CSS, and HTML to develop a user-friendly interface for remote monitoring and process management, has been successfully achieved
Analysis of parasitic and saprophytic mycoflora on trees in Gavrila Princip park in Belgrade
No full textU istraţivanju su identifikovani taksoni drveća i izvršena je analiza simptoma bolesti u elementu zelene infrastrukture centralnog gradskog jezgra Beograda - parku Gavrila Principa. Konstatovane su promene na stablima kao što su suhovrhost (37 stabala), suve grane u krošnji (120 stabala), slomljene grane u krošnji (119 stabala), nagnutost stabala (5 stabala). Zabeleţene su i štete nanete antropogenim delovanjem kao što su povrede vrata korena, povrede na kori i dr. Evidentirana su plodonosna tela parazitskih i saprofitskih gljiva koje prouzrokuju sledeće simptome: truleţ kore i drveta (iz rodova Inonotus i Phelilinus, kao i vrste Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma adspersum i Neonectria galligena, piknidi Cytospora), guke različitih oblika i veličina i lučenje eksudata. Predlaţe se uklanjanje stabala loše vitalnosti u cilju sprečavanja pogodnih uslova za razvoj patogena i dalje ulančavanje šteta kao i redovni zdravstveni pregledi i sprovodjenje mera nege i zaštite. Sva uklonjena stabla sukcesivno zameniti novim, zdravim stablima nabavljenim u regostrovanim, kontrolisanim rasadnicima
Bioactivity of the Tree of Heaven Leaf Extracts Incorporated into Biopolymer Matrix Against Spongy Moth Larvae
No full textThe bioactivity of the Ailanthus altissima crude leaf extract (CLE) and a leaf extract incorporated into a biopolymer matrix (BPM) was tested against Lymantria dispar larvae. The crude leaf extracts and those incorporated into a chitosan–gelatin polymer matrix were examined in choice and non-choice assays at 0.01, 0.05, 0.5, and 1% concentrations for feeding deterrent activity, contact, and digestive toxicity. The CLE exhibited moderate deterrent activity at all concentrations, whereas the BPM showed a very strong deterrent effect at 0.5% and 1% and a strong effect at 0.1% and 0.01%. No significant differences in digestive or contact toxicity were observed between the CLE and BPM groups and the control groups. The BPM also influenced larval behavior after digestion, decreasing consumption and growth and increasing development time. The higher bioactivity of the CLE compared to the control group is attributed to its high content of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, whereas the enhanced bioactivity of the BPM is due to its incorporation into the biopolymer matrix. Given its very strong deterrent activity, and absence of contact and digestive toxicity, the BPM can be recommended as a potential environmentally friendly bioproduct for forest pest control after field evaluation
Sustainable management of urban forest ‘’Košutnjak’’
No full textUrbane šume predstavljaju mreže, odnosno sisteme koji obuhvataju šume, grupe
drveća i pojedinačna stabla u urbanim i periurbanim područjima. Predstavljaju jedan
od glavnih vidova zelene infrastrukture u gradovima, te stanovništvu poboljšavaju
uslove za život i pružaju široki spektar ekosistemskih usluga. U ovom radu analizi-
rana je urbana šuma Košutnjak, čije se područje prostire u gradskom jezgru Beograda.
Analizirane su potrebe njenih korisnika, kao i trenutni način upravljanja, a sve
sa ciljem formulisanja predloga mera kako bi se postigao rezilijentan ekosistem i
uspostavilo održivo upravljanje ovim zaštićenim područjem. Pored ovoga, cilj spro-
vedenog istraživanja je i da doprinese podizanju svesti stanovnika o koristima koje
ova urbana šuma pruža, ali takođe i o kulturno-istorijskoj funkciji zbog koje ovo
područje uživa nacionalni značaj
Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science
No full textStandardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science - a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline - the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalised', 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non-native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non-native' - populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species
First Findings of Deciduous Woody Plant Leaf Miners in Serbia
No full textLeaf miners are small insects from the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Their larvae consume the leaf mesophyll, leaving the epidermis intact. During their feeding, many species cause significant damage to plants. According to previous studies, 222 leaf miners species of leaf miners have been identified on deciduous woody plants in Serbia. As a significantly higher number of species was recorded in the fauna of neighboring countries, field research was undertaken to determine how many more species are present in Serbia. Sample collection was performed in the period from 2015 to 2021 on 107 localities in Serbia. Two hundred twenty-eight species of leaf miners, of which 65 are new to Serbian fauna, were determined by the analysis of the collected material. By summarizing the literature and own data, it was determined that 287 species of leaf miners that feed on deciduous woody plants are present in Serbia. The newly identified leaf miners were found on 49 host plant species. As the number of deciduous woody plant leaf miner species has risen by about 29% in this study, it is expected that there are even more species to be found in Serbia
Ex situ germination of European acorns: data from 93 batches of 12 Quercus species
No full textWe provide data on seedlot germination potential—a key trait related to regeneration—of 12 oak species. Germination was tested at the University of Granada following international protocols with 8985 acorns from 93 batches and 16 countries across Europe. Data on germination probability, acorn origin, mass, and moisture content measured on another 4544 acorns are available at https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.87318
Possibilities of cooperation and association among non-wood forest product collectors in the region of Šumadija and Western Serbia
No full textSakupljanje, otkup, prerada i plasman nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda (NDŠP) imaju dugu tradiciju u Srbiji. Udruženja sakupljača NDŠP doprinose razvoju sektora, obezbeđujući bolji pristup tržištu, promovišući održivo sakupljanje, i sl. Cilj rada je da se istraže stavovi sakupljača NDŠP o saradnji i članstvu u udruženjima. Prikupljanje podataka je sprovedeno u regionu Šumadije i Zapadne Srbije, gde je, u periodu april – maj 2022. godine, anketirano 288 predstavnika domaćinstava, koja se bave sakupljanjem NDŠP. Oko ½ (53,2%) ispitanika ne sarađuje sa drugim sakupljačima. Kada je saradnja prisutna, ona se najčešće odnosi na razmenu informacija (93,4%), zajedničko sakupljanje (79,5%), i transport (69,5%). Većina sakupljača (99,3%) nisu članovi udruženja, iako su, u velikoj meri (98,1%), svesni nedostatka zastupljenosti njihovih interesa. Da bi se promenio odnos ispitanika prema članstvu u udruženjima, treba povećati svest sakupljača o njihovom značaju. U tom smislu, neophodno je istaći sve mogućnosti i prednosti koje ta udruženja donose, kako bi, na taj način, zastupanje njihovih interesa bilo uspešnije
Contribution to the assessment of the genetic potential of wild pear mother trees from the landscape of outstanding features ”Kosmaj”
No full textAutohtone vrste šumskih voćkarica predstavljaju važnu komponentu biodiverziteta, ali su često ugrožene, usled delovanja različitih biotičkih i abiotičkih faktora. Na području Predela izuzetnih odlika „Kosmaj” evidentirane su sledeće šumske voćkarice: divlja trešnja, divlja kruška, brekinja i oskoruša, koje pripadaju kategorijama ugroženih ili ranjivih vrsta na ovom području. U cilju procene genetičkog potencijala materinskih stabala divlje kruške sa područja Kosmaja, osnovan je generativni test potomstva u rasadniku Šumarskog fakulteta. Analizirana je varijabilnost morfoloških svojstava jednogodišnjih sadnica 14 linija polusrodnika, evidentirano je preživljavanje sadnica, izmerene su im visine i prečnici u korenovom vratu. Materinska stabla DK4, DK22 i DK23, na osnovu procenta preživljavanja i visokih vrednosti visina i prečnika u korenovom vratu sadnica linija polusrodnika, izdvojila su se kao potencijalno superiornija. Genetički potencijal ovih materinskih stabala i njihovih linija polusrodnika, treba proveriti u narednim godinama, u pogledu otpornosti na biotičke i abiotičke faktore, u testovima potomstva u rasadniku i na teren