Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Distribucija kao marketinška kategorija u funkciji plasmana nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda u Srbiji
No full textU radu je ispitivana uloga distribucije, kao instrumenta marketing miksa, u preduzećima koja se bave otkupom, preradom i plasmanom nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda (NDŠP) na području Srbije. Imajući u vidu specifičnost NDŠP, od velike važnosti je izbor odgovarajućih kanala prodaje, kojima će proizvodi biti dopremljeni do kupaca. Prvenstveno kod lako kvarljivih i neprerađenih proizvoda, poput šumskog voća (divlje maline, kupine, borovnice i sl.), ali i različitih vrsta gljiva (vrganj, lisičarka), brzi i efikasni kanali distribucije su imperativ u kontekstu očuvanja kvaliteta proizvoda. U tom smislu, istraživanjem su obuhvaćena 49 preduzeća sa područja Srbije, koja posluju u oblasti NDŠP. Za svrhu istraživanja, kreiran je upitnik sa 29 pitanja u vezi sa marketing miksom, samim tim i organizacijom distributivnih tokova u analiziranim preduzećima. Period koji je razmatran obuhvata interval 2008- 2017. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je usmeren na ulogu distribucije u analiziranim preduzećima, kao i identifikaciju faktora, koji doprinose odlukama u vezi sa njenim oblicima i načinom organizovanja
Analiza stanja i korišćenja pneumatskih postrojenja u nekim preduzećima drvne industrije Srbije
No full textDobijanje vazduha pod pritiskom predstavlja znatan utrošak energije za svaku granu industrije, i danas je prosto nezamislivo postojanje industrijskih postrojenja bez proizvodnje, distribucije i korišćenja vazduha pod pritiskom. Ovo je posebno reprezentativno u drvnoprerađivačkoj industriji gde se pokazalo da postoje velike mogućnosti za uštede koje se mogu sprovesti sa proizvedenim vazduhom pod pritiskom, počev od njegovog pravilnog korišćenja do praćenja opreme tokom eksploaticije i sprovođenja mera preventivnog održavanja. Imajući navedeno u vidu, sprovedeno je istraživanje u preduzećima drvne industrije Srbije radi analize ekonomičnosti dobijanja i adekvatnog korišćenja vazduha pod pritiskom. Anketom su pored podataka o vrsti kompresorskih postrojenja dobijeni dodatni podaci i o: vrsti rezervoara za skladištenje vazduha pod pritiskom, pravilnom korišćenju grupe za pripremu vazduha, prisutnoj automatici za rad postrojenja, merama preventivnog održavanja, kontroli i prevenciji curenja i obuci zaposlenih. Zaključci su doneseni u vidu smernica za racionalno korišćenje vazduha pod pritiskom, koje može doneti znatne uštede u potrošnji energije i povećati efikasnost i produktivnost u radu
Application of AHP in defining suitable locations for the construction of forest roads in protected areas: a case study of Fruška Gora
No full textZa jedan od najizraženijih antropogenih uticaja na životnu sredinu u šumama nacionalnih parkova smatra se izgradnja šumskih puteva. Kako bi se negativni uticaji šumskih puteva na životnu sredinu umanjili, planiranju multifunkcionalne mreže šumskih puteva mora se pristupiti planski, uvažavajući veći broj aspekata. Poslednjih godina razvijen je veliki broj metoda kojima se na bazi većeg broja kriterijuma dolazi do konačnog rešenja, pri čemu se posebno ističu metode višekriterijumske analize (VKA) u kombinaciji sa geografskim informacionim sistemom (GIS). U radu je predstavljena mogućnost primene analitičko hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP) u kombinaciji sa GIS-om, u cilju izbora pogodnih lokacija za gradnju šumskih puteva u Nacionalnom parku „Fruška gora“, a na bazi 6 izabranih kriterijuma, čije je vrednovanje sproveo donosilac odluke. Kao kriterijumi sa najvećim uticajem na pogodnost lokacije za gradnju šumskih puteva izdvojili su se zastupljenost izvorišta vode i ugroženost od požara, dok je kao kriterijum sa najmanjim uticajem bio sečivi etat
Uticaj prihranjivanja na preživljavanje i morfološke karakteristike elemenata rasta jednogodišnjih sadnica Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu. i Paulownia fortunei Seem. Hemsl. na dva različita staništa u Srbiji
No full textThis study evaluates the influence of fertilisation during the initial year
after planting on the survival and morphometric growth traits of one-year-old Paulownia
elongata and Paulownia fortunei seedlings, aimed at assessing their adaptability for
potential introduction to various sites in Serbia. Understanding fertilisation impacts on
survival and growth parameters is essential for analysing indicators of species adaptability
to specific soil types. Experimental plots were established at two distinct sites, Obrenovac
and Pambukovica, where seedlings were monitored for key morphometric indicators: height,
stem diameter at root collar, and leaf number. The morphometric data were statistically
analysed, and findings indicated that fertilisation significantly enhanced all measured
growth parameters in the first growing season. This suggests a positive effect of fertilisation
on all analysed parameters
Economic aspects of the use of forestry products for commercial purposes
No full textForestry together with the industry based on wood and non -wood forest products (NWFPs) represents an important activity and branch of the national economy. In accordance with that, the work is divided into two chapters, one of which analyzes wood, and the other of NWFPs. Therefore, the aim of the research is to examine the market trends and potential of forestry in the part of central Serbia (Central forest area). The purpose of the research is to identify trends in the categories of felling, production and sale of wood assortments of beech, oak and poplar and to analyses the commercial aspect and the way of organizing the marketing mix in companies that deal with the purchase, processing and placement of NWFPs. The Mann -Kendall test was used for the analysis of trends in wood products, while a survey was created for the analysis of companies in the field of NWFPs, which included 29 open and closed questions, with conceptual units related to the marketing mix. For the purposes of the research, primary and secondary data were used and the time period 2008-2017 was covered
Inventory of wood energy consumption and ghg emissions from wood fuels in Vojvodina
No full textVojvodina is one of the five regions in Serbia, with a population of around 1.9 million residents. By this indicator, Vojvodina is the second-largest region in Serbia. However, with approximately 0.7 million active households, Vojvodina leads the regions in Serbia. Despite the fact that the forest cover in this region is only 7.97%, and gasification has been implemented in many populated areas, close to 40% of households in this region still use wood as a heating fuel. This makes this region interesting for research regarding wood fuel consumption. The results of the conducted research have shown that the consumption of firewood in 2021 amounted to 1.62 million cubic meters, and wood pellets were around 52 thousand tons. The average firewood consumption per household in urban areas was 6.3 cubic meters, while in rural areas, it was 6.9 cubic meters. Translated into energy efficiency parameters, the average consumption of wood energy per 1 square meter of the heated area in urban areas was 199 kWh, and in rural areas, it was 214.5 kWh. The consumption of wood energy in the households measured in kWh/m(2) of the heated area is not satisfactory in this region. Its values are beyond the values of the last class of the energy passport for residential buildings [G class gt 188 kWh/m(2) (a)]
Variability of vessels and wood rays density by container seedlings of different species from quercus genera
No full textThe anatomical traits of one-year old container seedlings of three species from Quercus
genera – Quercus robur, Quercus petraea and Quercus frainetto were analyzed. Seedlings
were planted in the same type of container. The scope of the paper was to establish density of
vessels and wood rays per 1 mm2
. These two anatomical elements play a very significant role
– vessels are conductive elements responsible for water and minerals moving from the root to
the upper parts of the tree, while wood rays are in charge of nutrients storage. The obtained
results showed that the greatest density of both anatomical elements was recorded by Q.
petraea (110.07 vessels, and 34.07 wood rays per mm2
) which means that this species had the
narrowest vessels and wood rays. On the other hand, in Q. robur we found presence of 102.1
vessels, and 24.93 wood rays per mm2
, while Q. frainetto had the lowest vessels density
(97.03), but came to the second place in terms of wood rays density (33.07). As for the
possibility of using of investigated oaks container seedlings for reforestation purposes, Q.
petraea would be more suitable for arid sites, according to the greatest density of vessels and
wood rays, which should be related to the lowest width of these elements. Bearing in mind
this fact, we can deduce that narrower vessels are more efficient for conducting, while smaller
wood rays can store enough nutrients for a short time. However, in order to obtain reliable
conclusions, in addition to analyzed parameters, it is needed to investigate some
morphological (height and root collar diameter) and anatomical (vessels width, wood rays
width and height) traits
Financing of national parks in Serbia - case study of PE "NP Tara"
No full textFinancial statements are written records that convey the financial activities of a company. The main purpose of this study is to determine, forecast and evaluate the best of economic conditions and company’s performance in the future. For-profit primary financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flow, and statement of changes in equity. The subject of the research are the categories of income and expenditure, which move in financing PE “NP Tara”. The main goal of this research is to determine the income structure and expenditures in the financing and the trends of their movement in the territory of PE “NP Tara” and establish cause-and-effect relationships among observed quantities. The purpose of the research is comparing the different structures of income and expenses that participate in the financing, during the period of 2008-202
Regeneration of hilly-mountainous oak forests in Serbia – past experiences and future perspectives
No full textThe regeneration of oak forests in the hilly and mountainous areas is one of the
most serious and complex problems forestry practitioners face in Serbia. The success of
regeneration depends on the individual or combined (often synergistic) influence of
numerous biotic, abiotic, and management factors. While there is significant knowledge
and experience about this process in practice so far, there is still great uncertainty
regarding its proper execution and control over the influencing factors. The paper
critically evaluated the available literature and current experiences from practice
through a questionnaire. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, taking into
consideration various databases and search engines, mostly composed of peerreviewed publications from ISI-listed journals. A total of 187 papers were included in
the base. Aiming to better understand the current state and the main problems in
the regeneration of hilly-mountainous oak forests in Serbia, surveys were performed
among forest practitioners. Based on this, the paper synthesized the current knowledge
and addressed future perspectives in hilly-mountainous oaks management. More
specifically, the factors that dominantly influence the regeneration process, their modes
of action, behavior in the case of modifications, as well as the possibilities of their
interaction are defined. The success of regeneration is determined by canopy openness,
microclimatic conditions, presence of competitive vegetation, initial number of
seedlings, and seedling growth and health, as revealed in the literature. The proposed
methods for more successful regeneration and restoration of oak forests, include
producing high-quality seedlings, using advanced weeding methods, developing a
specific strategy for restoring native oak forests, assessing genetic resources and longterm monitoring. Overall conclusion of the conducted literature analysis is that there is
a great need for conducting further long-term research on improving the regeneration
systems in hilly-mountainous oak forests in Serbia
Intrapopulation variability of pubescent oak in Košutnjak Forest (Serbia) as a base for sustainable genepool use
No full textPubescent oak is considered as a rare and endangered species in Serbia, often neglected in forest
management. However, in climate change context it can find wide range of purposes in forestry,
mainly for reforestation and restoration of dry degraded sites. Currently, there are no publicly
available data about selected, or tested seed sources of pubescent oak in Serbia. To ensure long term
survival of species, high genetic diversity is desired, especially in progeny. Aim of this study was to
assess morphological and molecular variability of pubescent oak from protected area „Košutnjak
Forest“ (Belgrade, Serbia) as preliminary base results for choosing right seed sources for forest
reproductive material production. Study is designed on two sampling levels: mother trees and progeny
on which molecular and morphometric markers were applied to assess the variability. To assess the
morphometric variability of mother trees 60 leaves, 100 acorns and 50 cupules were collected and
measured for each tree. Sample variation is described by coefficient of variation (CV%). From the
collected acorns nursery progeny test was established. Two-year-old bareroot 450 seedlings were
measured for height and ground level diameter, and Roller's coefficient of germination was calculated.
To assess molecular variability 9 mother trees and 203 seedlings were genotyped using 13 nuclear
microsatellites grouped in two multiplexes – 1: PIE239, FIR004, QrZAG90, QrZAG108, MSQ13,
QrZAG87, QpZAG104, and 2: QpZAG36, QrZAG101, MAQ4, PIE242, QrZAG20, QrZAG7, QpZAG110.
Significant differences (р < 0,05) were found for all measured morphological parameters. For 10 leaf
parameters CV was mostly moderate (11.33-24.49%), but low for 5 cupule-acorn complex parameters
(7.65-10.55%). Average two-year-old seedlings height was 48.07±12.33cm, ground based diameter
6.58±2.15mm and average Roller's coefficient of germination was 7.59. To compare molecular genetic
diversity of mother trees and progeny seedlings basic parameters were obtained: number of alleles,
heterozygosity and fixation index. Number of alleles detected in mother trees was 109 and in progeny
274. Observed heterozygosity of mother trees was 0.753±0.057 and in progeny 0.770±0.022. Expected
heterozygosity was 0.715±0.042 and 0.692±0.015, respectively. Wright's F statistic showed no
significant differences (P≥0.05) among the progeny seedlings. These preliminary findings are beneficial
for establishing a dynamic conservation unit and suggest that further longitudinal studies are needed
to better understand gene flow and support sustainable planting material production